Suchergebnisse

Many exonerees report stigmatizing experiences and difficulties securing gainful employment post-incarceration. Although researchers have begun to investigate public perceptions of wrongful conviction, there remains a dearth of knowledge about public perceptions of exonerees. To provide insight into how the public perceives exonerees, face-to-face interviews were conducted with members (n=30) of a suburban city in South Central Ontario. Data analysis included a constructed grounded approach to reveal emergent themes in the transcripts. All interviewees acknowledged that wrongly convicted individuals are stigmatized by the public and that this can have negative effects in many of their lived experiences. In addition, findings of this exploratory study suggest that some interviewees, indirectly or directly, stigmatize exonerees in their responses while being interviewed—lending insight into how the public views and reacts to exonerees. Findings and policy implications are theoretically framed in Erving Goffman's (1963) seminal work on stigma. Implications include the potential role of research and education in informing community members, and all levels of government, about wrongful convictions in general, and the negative implications of stigma, in particular.

The Ju/'hoan Bushman origin myth is depicted as a contextual frame for their healing and transformative ways. Using Recursive Frame Analysis, these performances are shown to be an enactment of the border crossing between First and Second Creation, that is, pre - linguistic and linguistic domains of experience. Here n/om, or the presumed creative life force, is infused into the community. As the Ju/'hoan Bushmen struggle to maintain their way of life in the face of economic and political change, they are likely to increasingly come into contact with social service and other aid programs. Any future for social work with the Bushmen is served by an understanding of how they relate to n/om. In particular, supporting Bushman communities requires highlighting the importance of the way changing forms arise in their recurrent mythological border crossings, the heart of Bushman transformative experience.

Poor community-company relations in the Niger Delta have drawn attention to the practice of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the region. Since the 1960s, transnational oil corporations operating in the Niger Delta have adopted various CSR strategies, yet community-company relations remain adversarial. This article examines community expectations of CSR and the influence of the traditional, political, and administrative systems on community expectations of CSR in the Niger Delta region. An overview of CSR, oil industry CSR practices in the Niger Delta, and the methodology used is presented. The findings show that community expectations were framed through the lens of underdevelopment and its implications for the social and economic wellbeing of the indigenes. The implications of the traditional, political, and administrative systems and the network of organizations for CSR in the Niger Delta are discussed.

In this paper I embrace the thinking that writing on one's experiences in the use of qualitative educational research strategies and principles could potentially contribute to furthering knowledge in the field. In adopting an action research framework to guide collaborative work in a policy review exercise in Botswana, I found that collaborative work is itself a challenge. Similarly, given the political nature of policy formulation, significant effort and attention is required to facilitate broader reflection and debate on the adoption and use of qualitative research strategies in policy matters in Botswana. Generally my experience suggests that the strictures of underlying political life could be a powerful framework that profoundly shapes and constrains the perspectives and choices in policy review. I conclude with some statements concerning some lessons learnt during the policy review exercise.

18 p. ; International audience ; Médiévalisme, a rare word in French, was chosen to spur reflection on the object and methods of medievalism, namely the reception of the Middle Ages in later centuries (especially from the 19th up to the 21st century) in areas of creativity and erudition. Medievalism concerns both artistic or fictional creations, and learned books devoted to the Middle Ages. The bibliography of medievalism contains a great many entries, but methodological, general or theoretical studies constitute a rare (and relatively recent) occurrence in this vast, plethoric output. This volume follows a symposium that was held at Malbrouck Castle and in Metz (where, in November 2009, the articles presented here -in an extensively revised form- were first submitted) to further the elaboration of a theoretical and methodological framework for research on médiévalisme / medievalism. The multidisciplinary perspective was necessary in a book which considers the reference to the Middle Ages in literature, cinema, music, history, politics, architecture and comic books--adopting, in each case, a global viewpoint, rather than a monographic approach dealing with a particular author or example, as is too often the case in collections of articles on medievalism. ; Le terme, encore rare, de médiévalisme a été choisi comme titre de cet ouvrage collectif pour inviter à réfléchir sur l'objet et les méthodes d'un domaine couvrant la réception du Moyen Âge aux siècles ultérieurs (en particulier aux XIXe-XXIe siècles), dans son versant créatif et son versant érudit, puisque le médiévalisme concerne à la fois les œuvres artistiques ou de fiction, et les ouvrages savants consacrés au Moyen Âge. La bibliographie portant sur le médiévalisme contient de très nombreux travaux, mais les réflexions d'ordre méthodologique, général ou théorique sont rares, et plutôt récentes, dans cette production pléthorique. Cet ouvrage fait suite à un colloque organisé à Metz et au château de Malbrouck (Moselle) en novembre 2009 (une première version des articles proposés ici, largement remaniés, y a été présentée), afin de contribuer à la constitution d'un cadre théorique et méthodologique, pour la recherche médiévaliste. Le croisement disciplinaire qui caractérise ce volume s'est imposé, puisqu'il s'agissait d'envisager la référence au Moyen Âge dans la littérature, le cinéma, la musique, l'histoire, la politique, l'architecture et la bande dessinée. en adoptant dans chaque intervention une perspective générale, synthétique, plutôt qu'une approche monographique portant sur un auteur ou un exemple (quel que soit leur intérêt intrinsèque), comme cela est trop souvent le cas dans les ouvrages collectifs médiévalistes.

18 p. ; International audience ; Médiévalisme, a rare word in French, was chosen to spur reflection on the object and methods of medievalism, namely the reception of the Middle Ages in later centuries (especially from the 19th up to the 21st century) in areas of creativity and erudition. Medievalism concerns both artistic or fictional creations, and learned books devoted to the Middle Ages. The bibliography of medievalism contains a great many entries, but methodological, general or theoretical studies constitute a rare (and relatively recent) occurrence in this vast, plethoric output. This volume follows a symposium that was held at Malbrouck Castle and in Metz (where, in November 2009, the articles presented here -in an extensively revised form- were first submitted) to further the elaboration of a theoretical and methodological framework for research on médiévalisme / medievalism. The multidisciplinary perspective was necessary in a book which considers the reference to the Middle Ages in literature, cinema, music, history, politics, architecture and comic books--adopting, in each case, a global viewpoint, rather than a monographic approach dealing with a particular author or example, as is too often the case in collections of articles on medievalism. ; Le terme, encore rare, de médiévalisme a été choisi comme titre de cet ouvrage collectif pour inviter à réfléchir sur l'objet et les méthodes d'un domaine couvrant la réception du Moyen Âge aux siècles ultérieurs (en particulier aux XIXe-XXIe siècles), dans son versant créatif et son versant érudit, puisque le médiévalisme concerne à la fois les œuvres artistiques ou de fiction, et les ouvrages savants consacrés au Moyen Âge. La bibliographie portant sur le médiévalisme contient de très nombreux travaux, mais les réflexions d'ordre méthodologique, général ou théorique sont rares, et plutôt récentes, dans cette production pléthorique. Cet ouvrage fait suite à un colloque organisé à Metz et au château de Malbrouck (Moselle) en novembre 2009 (une première version ...

In a cross-section of countries, government regulation is strongly negatively correlated with social capital. We document this correlation, and present a model explaining it. In the model, distrust creates public demand for regulation, while regulation in turn discourages social capital accumulation, leading to multiple equilibria. A key implication of the model is that individuals in low trust countries want more government intervention even though the government is corrupt. We test this and other implications of the model using country- and individual-level data on social capital and beliefs about government's role, as well as on changes in beliefs and in trust during the transition from socialism.

The geographical area of this study is West Bengal - a constituent state (province) of India. The state government policy aims at administrative decentralization through Panchayats (or Village Councils) in rural areas. It is a 3-tier system, comprising a Gram Panchayat in every village, Panchayat Samity (block level), and Zilla Parishad (district level). Focusing mainly on Panchayat Samity members, the study explores the knowledge, attitudes, participation, and involvement of the Panchayat Samity members in National Health and Family Welfare Programs. The categories of respondents are the Health Committee members of Panchayat Samity, and health personnel of Block Primary Health Center and Rural Hospital. With a positive frame of mind, they are found to be involved in promoting awareness about health and family planning, and in providing child immunization and other health measures to predominantly agrarian communities.

In a cross-section of countries, government regulation is strongly negatively correlated with social capital. We document this correlation, and present a model explaining it. In the model, distrust creates public demand for regulation, while regulation in turn discourages social capital accumulation, leading to multiple equilibria. A key implication of the model is that individuals in low trust countries want more government intervention even though the government is corrupt. We test this and other implications of the model using country- and individual-level data on social capital and beliefs about government's role, as well as on changes in beliefs and in trust during the transition from socialism.

actes du colloque organisé le 15 mars 2007 à Paris -- par l'Association Travail et handicap dans la recherche publique (ATHAREP) ; National audience ; La perception juridique du handicap varie selon les législations. De fait, les pays de l'UE ont organisé leurs systèmes juridiques mais le droit européen amène à des rapprochements. D'autres pays hors UE sont dans des perspectives différentes. Pour autant, les différents pays de l'UE ont obtenu des résultats variables qui peuvent être intéressants à comparer au regard des choix juridiques à effectuer.

In a cross-section of countries, government regulation is strongly negatively correlated with social capital. We document this correlation, and present a model explaining it. In the model, distrust creates public demand for regulation, while regulation in turn discourages social capital accumulation, leading to multiple equilibria. A key implication of the model is that individuals in low trust countries want more government intervention even though the government is corrupt. We test this and other implications of the model using country- and individual-level data on social capital and beliefs about government's role, as well as on changes in beliefs and in trust during the transition from socialism.

This article is dedicated to an in-depth discussion of the theme "community" and the implications the multiple meanings of community hold for the field of qualitative research. This theme surfaced from Waldern's 2003 study entitled Resistance to Research in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside, which dealt with participant resistance to joining research efforts, and deserves the attention of all social researchers. In this article, the politics of the rese arch process are discussed to evaluate and suggest improvements for reflexive methods of inquiry. Determining that the idea of "community research " is a myth, this work is concerned about making qualitative methods more sensitive to social inequality without compromising their rigour

The CoE Convention on cybercrime provides a treaty-based framework that imposes on the participating nations the obligation to enact legislation criminalizing certain conduct related to computer systems, create investigative procedures and ensure their availability to domestic law enforcement authorities to investigate cybercrime offenses, including procedures to obtain electronic evidence in all of its forms and create a regime of broad international cooperation, including assistance in extradition of fugitives sought for crimes identified under the CoE Convention. Since there is no internationally recognized legal definition of computer crime, this article briefly presents the generally recognized categories of cybercrime and then proceeds in a presentation of the historical development of International Cybercrime Law as well as the practical impediments to international investigation, enforcement and prosecution including the absence of global consensus on the legal definition of criminal conduct, the transnational character of many cybercrimes and the lack of extradition and mutual legal assistance treaties. A presentation of the CoE Convention provisions follows where special emphasis is given to Procedural Safeguards under the CoE Convention, where it is being noted that while the complicated problem of guaranteeing civil rights protection to citizens living in different cultures and political systems is recognized, no specific minimal procedural guarantees of due process incident to treaty implementation are established, and the methods of collecting evidence under the Convention the CoE Convention which, similarly, do not require the enactment of certain minimal procedures by a party nor do they contain any minimal requirements concerning confidentiality of materials obtained through a production order. Notably, the CoE Convention contains significant restrictive language in the areas of transborder search and seizure and data interception, deferring authority to domestic laws and territorial considerations. The issues of Jurisdiction and Extradition and the relative problems are also being examined as well as the pre-existing mutual legal assistance treaties ("MLATs") or other reciprocal agreements between parties. Finally the author examines the CoE Convention as a harmonization model and concludes that it does not adequately safeguard procedural due process. Although the decentralized nature of international penal law may explain such flexible harmonization to achieve law enforcement goals aimed at the timely eradication of cybercrime, cybercrime prosecutions will most certainly raise issues relating to concurrent jurisdiction and/or the application of domestic law to foreign nationals especially regarding the means of investigating and prosecuting the conduct. In view of the fact that in its present form, the CoE Convention allows state intrusions into the sphere of individual privacy rights to gather evidence for use in subsequent criminal prosecutions without adequate guarantees of procedural due process, an addition of a Protocol to the treaty is proposed, modeled after the proposed CoE Constitution providing minimal guidelines for procedural due process, extended to citizens of all participating nations.

The CoE Convention on cybercrime provides a treaty-based framework that imposes on the participating nations the obligation to enact legislation criminalizing certain conduct related to computer systems, create investigative procedures and ensure their availability to domestic law enforcement authorities to investigate cybercrime offenses, including procedures to obtain electronic evidence in all of its forms and create a regime of broad international cooperation, including assistance in extradition of fugitives sought for crimes identified under the CoE Convention. Since there is no internationally recognized legal definition of computer crime, this article briefly presents the generally recognized categories of cybercrime and then proceeds in a presentation of the historical development of International Cybercrime Law as well as the practical impediments to international investigation, enforcement and prosecution including the absence of global consensus on the legal definition of criminal conduct, the transnational character of many cybercrimes and the lack of extradition and mutual legal assistance treaties. A presentation of the CoE Convention provisions follows where special emphasis is given to Procedural Safeguards under the CoE Convention, where it is being noted that while the complicated problem of guaranteeing civil rights protection to citizens living in different cultures and political systems is recognized, no specific minimal procedural guarantees of due process incident to treaty implementation are established, and the methods of collecting evidence under the Convention the CoE Convention which, similarly, do not require the enactment of certain minimal procedures by a party nor do they contain any minimal requirements concerning confidentiality of materials obtained through a production order. Notably, the CoE Convention contains significant restrictive language in the areas of transborder search and seizure and data interception, deferring authority to domestic laws and territorial considerations. The issues of Jurisdiction and Extradition and the relative problems are also being examined as well as the pre-existing mutual legal assistance treaties ("MLATs") or other reciprocal agreements between parties. Finally the author examines the CoE Convention as a harmonization model and concludes that it does not adequately safeguard procedural due process. Although the decentralized nature of international penal law may explain such flexible harmonization to achieve law enforcement goals aimed at the timely eradication of cybercrime, cybercrime prosecutions will most certainly raise issues relating to concurrent jurisdiction and/or the application of domestic law to foreign nationals especially regarding the means of investigating and prosecuting the conduct. In view of the fact that in its present form, the CoE Convention allows state intrusions into the sphere of individual privacy rights to gather evidence for use in subsequent criminal prosecutions without adequate guarantees of procedural due process, an addition of a Protocol to the treaty is proposed, modeled after the proposed CoE Constitution providing minimal guidelines for procedural due process, extended to citizens of all participating nations.