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The main purpose of this study is to examine dynamic interactions between economic growth, environmental change, and tourism. Although tourism is playing an increasingly important role in different economies, there are only a few theoretical models to dynamic economic and environmental issues with endogenous tourism. On the basis of the Solow-Uzawa growth model, the neoclassical growth model with environmental change, and ideas from tourism economics, we develop a three-sector growth model. The industrial and service sectors are perfectly competitive. The environment sector is financially supported by the government. We introduce taxes not only on producers, but also on consumers' incomes from wage, land, and interest of wealth, consumption of goods and services, and housing. We simulate the motion of the national economy and examine effects of changes in some parameters. The comparative dynamic analysis with regard to the rate of interest, the price elasticity of tourism, the global economic condition, the total productivity of the service sectors, and the propensity to save provides some important insights into the complexity of open economies with endogenous wealth and environment.

The pandemic of COVID19 has disrupted every aspect of life. From groceries to medicines, travel to events, sports to funerals, economics to politics and religion to social rights all domains of life have been shaken up by this infectious virus. The impact is deep and will have a lasting effect. The situation is severe in some countries and it is too soon to estimate the exact impact of COVID19 on the global economy. This is a review article examining different facets of the pandemic to understand the impact on the economy. This is a review article examining different facets of the pandemic to understand the impact on the economy. is crisis on the financial markets, banking, hospitality, and health care sectors. The data comes from various reports published by the various organizations and institutions worldwide and the recent limited research literature available on this topic. The bitter truth is that the pandemic will have a substantial and extended negative impact on the global economy, especially on the financial and hospitality industry .

The paper is devoted to the features of the economic vocabulary functioning in the materials of the Chinese-language media. Media materials reflect the major changes that are occurring in the life of society, primarily in the economic sphere. For China, the development of a market economy is of great importance, which is also reflected in the texts of the mass media. Media materials are sources of new information, their recipients are mainly the general public. Nevertheless, economics is a professional field of activity with its terminological system. The main task of media materials is to transfer information from specialists in this field to non-specialists. Thus, taking into account the abundance of terms, the texts of the economic media enrich the lexicon of listeners or readers. At the same time, an analysis of the texts of the Chinese-language media showed that an active process of terminologization (the transition of commonly used words to the category of terms) is currently underway. This process has an impact on the daily communication of native speakers and is not enough studied on the material of modern Chinese.

This paper considers the factors influencing the comparative performance of state-owned and privately-owned enterprises (SOE/POE). The economics literature has argued that firm performance is influenced by governance arrangements, leading to expectations of inferior performance from SOEs. Meanwhile, a political economy literature classifies countries according to the model of state engagement, which also has implications for SOE performance. We combine these two frameworks to provide a taxonomy. The first framework relating to governance concerns the relationship between owners and managers, the relationship between large and small owners, and the functioning of the managerial labour market. The second framework considers three types of model of state engagement: the Welfare State, the Developmental State, and the Predatory State. Each of the six resulting taxonomies yields distinct outcomes in terms of SOE versus POE performance. In all models, SOEs perform better in a better governance environment than in a worse governance environment, and this ranking is the same in Welfare States and Predatory States. However, in Developmental States with strong governance, SOEs may outperform POEs if they can benefit from superior state resources.

© 2020 The Author. International Journal of Finance & Economics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Trade liberalization is famously known for both creating winners and losers via processes of dislocation, sectoral reallocation, and specialization. This paper studies the conditions under which excess "losers" are generated during the process of liberalization with a focus on the role of institutions in economic transition. I contend that poor institutions, in particular property rights and democracy, can create unnecessary hardship in the transition to greater openness, generating a much higher burden on compensatory policies and making it more difficult to sustain open trade policies. Using a new dataset of trade openness, economic inequality, and institutions, and using 3SLS estimation to account for endogeneity, the analysis finds that this is indeed the case: high property rights and more democracy appear to help to mitigate trade-related inequality. Moreover, poor institutions create a downward spiral, with greater inequality leading to lower trade openness. These results imply that basic institutions can help to minimize losses sparked by globalization, while other well-meaning policies can actually increase disruptions.

The realization of a harmonious community life is the goal of every country, including Indonesia. But increasing ethnic identity politics often breaks the harmony. So that the harmonious life of a pluralistic society has a high risk of social conflict. This field research aims to find out the forms of social integration and the factors that influence social integration in Pesawaran District, Lampung Province. Research data obtained by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. Then the data is analyzed descriptively-qualitatively with a sociological-political approach. The results showed that social integration in the community of Pesawaran Regency was normative - functional. Social integration occurs in the cultural dimension and socio-economic dimension. The factors that influence the formation of social integration include tolerance of society, equality of education and economics, geographical location of Pesawaran district, as well as the local wisdom of Lampung's indigenous people. This study concluded that social integration can be formed naturally through the values of wisdom owned by the community. Therefore, it is urgent to develop indigenous wisdom values that are owned by the community.

Developed countries (above all, EU member states) have committed themselves, together with all UN member states, to implement the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development Agenda (Transformation of Our World). With 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the world community has specific areas of activity to realize its ambitious vision of a peaceful, just, socially inclusive world that uses natural and human resources steadily, makes complex changes are needed at the economic, integrated, social (including educational and scientific) and environmental levels to ensure overall respect for rights and opportunities human, equality and self-determination. In addition to encouraging people and protecting the environment and social development, Member States have declared their determination to "take bold and transformative steps that must be urgently put in the path of sustainable development and resilience and promised to act together" and thus not give up. Thus, the concept of "partnership in the spirit of global solidarity" plays an important role in the implementation of the Agenda for 2030. ; Manchester: Degrowth ISEE 2020: , Joint Conf.«Open Call»: The 7th International Degrowth / 16th International Society for Ecological Economics Joint Conference, 2020

The main objective of the study was to establish the effect of ERP in supply chain management module on the performance of County governments in North Rift Economic Bloc (NOREB). The study is informed by Institutional Theory (Transaction Cost Economics). The study employed explanatory. The study targeted 1,640 permanent employees from ICT and finance ministries from six counties in the North Rift region in Kenya. These included: Nandi, Uasin Gishu, Elgeyo Marakwet, Trans Nzoia, Baringo and West Pokot Counties. Simple random sampling techniques were used to select a representative sample of 321 employees in the ICT and revenue departments from the six County governments. The findings in have showed that integration of ERP in the SC module has a positive and significant effect on county performance (β1 = 0.102, p = 0.01) Thus, the study inferred that ERP in SCM key determinants in performance of county government. Therefore, the study recommends that all the departments in the organization that are yet to be integrated should be integrated to reap the benefits of integration. The study also recommends that all public organizations should adopt ERP with the aim of improving their efficiency

Economics, trade and finance — UK Export Control Act 2002 — 1998 EU Code of Conduct on Arms Exports — European Council Common Position 2008/944/CFSP — Whether Criterion 2(c) triggered by Saudi Arabia conduct of hostilities in YemenRelationship of international law and municipal law — International humanitarian law — Requirement that licences for arms sales not be granted by United Kingdom if clear risk that items will be used to commit serious violations of IHL — Obligation of decision-maker to carry out sufficient inquiry to assess prospective risk — Whether court could intervene to override finely balanced determination by the executiveWar and armed conflict — Mixed international and internal armed conflict — International humanitarian law — Conflict in Yemen — Whether Saudi Arabia in breach of IHL obligations — Consequences of non-compliance with IHL on licensing of arms sales from United Kingdom to Saudi Arabia — Rationality standard to assess whether clear risk of non-compliance with IHL obligations in the future — Whether rational to dismiss evidence from external agencies pointing to breaches of IHL violations by Saudi Arabia — Whether "serious violations" synonymous with "war crimes" and "grave breaches" — The law of England

A commonly applied policy to India's ongoing depletion of groundwater is feeder separation. Introduced in Gujarat as the Jyotigram Yojana (JGY) scheme, it provides a separate and rationed electricity supply to farmers and an unrationed power supply to non‐agricultural users. JGY is claimed to increase groundwater storage. By using Gujarat district‐level data from 1996 to 2011 and by separately applying difference‐in‐differences and Bayesian regressions, we find that groundwater storage has continued to decrease with JGY. We contend that our empirical results show that JGY has been implemented without adequate consideration of (1) a publication bias whereby researchers have a greater likelihood of having their results published if they are statistically significant and show a positive outcome and (2) a 'barrier' effect such that communicating evidence across science and policy divides means that evidence may not be accepted, even when true, and this limits policy advice and options. ; The authors acknowledge the financial assistance of the UNESCO Chair in Water Economics and Transboundary Governance at the Australian National University and the support of the Institute for Water Policy at the National University of Singapore

International audience ; Access to long-run historical data in the field of social sciences, economics and political sciences has been identified as one necessary condition to understand the dynamics of the past and the way those dynamics structure our present and future. Financial yearbooks are historical records reporting on information about the companies of stock exchanges. This paper concentrates on the description of the key components that implement a financial information extraction system from financial yearbooks. The proposed system consists in three steps: OCR, linked named entities extraction, active learning. The core of the system is related to linked named entities extraction (LNE). LNE are coherent n-tuple of named entities describing high level semantic information. In this respect we developed, tested and compared a CRF and a hybrid RNN/CRF based system. Active learning allows to cope with the lack of annotated data for training the system. Promising performance results are reported on two yearbooks (the French Desfossé yearbook (1962) and the German Handbuch (1914-15)) and for two LNE extraction tasks: capital information of companies and constitution information of companies.

Weak governance is a major threat to sustainable development, especially in rural contexts and within ecosystems of great social and economic value. To understand and compare its arrangement in the grasslands and wetlands of the Colombian Llanos and the Paraguayan Pantanal, we build upon the Institutional and Development Framework (IAD) as we explore the role of political, economic, and social institutions and combine components of the theory of common-pool resources (CPR) and new institutional economics (NIE). This hybrid conceptualization provides a synthesis of how top-down hierarchical and market-based systems of community-based and natural resource management negatively affect sustainable development in both study areas. Our findings suggest three underlying mechanisms causing a situation of weak governance: centralized (economic and political) power, the role of central and local governments, and social exclusion. Understanding these multidimensional contextual mechanisms improves the understanding that institutional structures supporting arrangements that handle grasslands and wetlands in a sustainable way are needed to protect the ecosystem's social and economic values, especially in rural and marginalized contexts. ; Peer Reviewed

Purpose of the study: This study investigated the socio-economic effect on household consumption of rural farmers in South Sumatera, Indonesia. Methodology: The data used were primary data obtained from an in-depth survey of 300 farmer households. The analysis method used a quantitative approach with a polynomial regression model. Main Findings: The finding showed that from the four independent variables estimated, there are three which have a significant effect on farmer household consumption: household income, number of family members, and education level of the household head. Despite changes in consumption patterns between food and non-food, the process of food diversification is an important task for the government, especially to reduce dependence on rice consumption. Applications of this study: This study was conducted in South Sumatra, Indonesia in the field of agricultural economics. This study can support development planning policies in the food sector in South Sumatra. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study focus as efforts on the policy of diversifying food consumption needs to be synergized with the development of local resource-based food products.

India is now facing very serious problems like childhood malnutrition. India is continuously working and getting success in various fields like economics, export, startups, businesses, and technology, etc. But still, India is having the highest child malnutrition in the world. Malnutrition is of various types like underweight, overweight, stunted growth of children, and so on. The government is starting many programs and schemes to tackle such types of problems but as per the expectations, it is not working. According to data provided by Food and Nutrition Security Analysis, India, 2019 report authored by the Government of India there is a small improvement but it's not sufficient to complete the target of Zero Hunger and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age. The government of India is taking different initiatives to reduce malnutrition like Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) especially for lactating and pregnant mothers and children, National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), Mid-Day Meal Scheme (MDM), National Food Security Mission, etc.

In various sciences, the term legitimacy is used with differing meanings. In practice, in law it is the legitimacy of the legislative act, in political science it is the legitimacy of power, etc. Even the term interest, or public interest,, is interpreted differently in various sciences (in law, economics, political science, etc.). In public policy theory, P. Rosanvallon's understanding of democratic legitimacy proves to be productive, together with F. W. Scharpf's input and output legitimacy, which leads to a differentiation between the input legitimacy of group interests and the output legitimacy of interests, legitimated by the public. ; Įvairiuose mokslo srityse terminas teisėtumas vartojamas skirtingomis reikšmėmis, tačiau praktiškai tai yra įstatymo teisėtumas, politologijoje – valdžios teisėtumas ir pan. Taip pat sąvoka interesas, tiksliau viešasis interesas, interpretuojama skirtingai skirtinguose mokslo srityse (teisėje, ekonomikoje, politologijoje ir t. t.). Pasirodo, kad viešosios politikos teorijoje yra produktyvu suprasti P. Rosanvallono demokratinį teisėtumą bei F. W. Scharpfo teisėtumo įvedimą (input) ir išvedimą (output), kuo paskui grindžiamas skirstymas į įvedamą teisėtumą, t. y. grupių interesų teisėtumą, ir išvedamą teisėtumą, t. y. visuomenės įteisintų interesų teisėtumą.