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The history of religion, like some other social sciences, is difficult to define precisely; a historical phenomenology & a historical typology both have weaknesses. Primitive, archaic, historical, & modern religions display significant differences; Third World religions are unique in being products of societies that passed directly from archaic culture to modern civilization through colonialization. Several examples are presented of religious phenomena that require an interdisciplinary approach. Bourgeois society has deprived religion of the function of legitimizing social & political behavior, but it remains a source of meaning & strongly influences modernization processes, taking the form of messianic movements that seek either national unity or the abolition of SC society. W. H. Stoddard.

Cet article est une analyse historique des rapports entre la politique et quatre religions institutionnelles en Corée du Sud, le confucianisme, le bouddhisme, le catholicisme et le protestantisme. Centrée sur la période de 1961 à nos jours, qui est profondément marquée par trente années de régime militaire, cette étude distingue deux types de rapports entre politique et religion : collusion (bouddhisme et protestantisme conservateur) et conflit (catholicisme et protestantisme progressiste), alors que le confucianisme est fondamentalement dépolitisé. Il est certain que le type collusion a prévalu en Corée du Sud depuis 1945. Un examen du fondement socio-culturel du phénomène de collusion montre l'influence de la sécularisation confucéenne. Quant au type conflictuel, la capacité de résistance des religions face à l'autoritarisme de l'Etat prouve qu'elles peuvent exercer une influence positive sur le changement social en Corée du Sud.

This paper examined religion as a potent force for national integration because religion is the human and spiritual experiences, which serves as the machinery that propels successful development and a unifying factor which enhances national integration. The practice of religious beliefs helps to achieve the unity and faith that are ingrained in the Nigerian coat of arms. Religion inculcates moral discipline in people, transforms behaviour, establishes rules, defines relationships and serves as an agent of social control. A number of recommendations were made such as government should treat all religions equally and promote conscious agenda that will produce patriotic citizens, which will enhance National integration.

NEWLY ELECTED GOVERNMENTS IN MUCH OF LATIN AMERICA HAVE CONFRONTED URGENT PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH ECONOMIC REFORM. THIS ESSAY EXAMINES SOME OF THE MAJOR INTERACTIONS BETWEEN POLITICAL OPENING AND ECONOMIC REFORM IN COUNTRIES WHERE THESE HAVE OCCURRED MORE OR LESS SIMULTANEOUSLY. IT ARGUES THAT THE ECONOMIC REFORM AGENDA CHANGES SIGNIFICANTLY BETWEEN THE LAUNCH PHASES AND LATER PHASES. IT BEGINS WITH A DISCUSSION OF THE VARIOUS ASPECTS OF DEMOCRATIC TRANSITIONS AND THE IMMEDIATE POSTRANSITION PERIOD THAT EITHER ENCOURAGE OR IMPEDE THE LAUNCHING OF ECONOMIC REFORM. THE FOCUS THEN CHANGES TO THE LATER STAGES OF ECONOMIC REFORM, WITH AN EXAMINATION OF HOW EVOLVING DEMOCRATIC POLITICS AFFECTS THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THOSE LATER-PHASE ECONOMIC REFORM. FINALLY, THE ESSAY SKETCHES SOME OF THE MAJOR CHANNELS THROUGH WHICH BOTH FIRST-PHASE AND LATER PHASE ECONOMIC REFORM AFFECT THE CONSOLIDATION OF DEMOCRACY.

The Undiscovered Dewey explores the profound influence of evolution and its corresponding ideas of contingency and uncertainty on John Dewey's philosophy of action, particularly its argument that inquiry proceeds from the uncertainty of human activity. Dewey separated the meaningfulness of inquiry from a larger metaphysical story concerning the certainty of human progress. He then connected this thread to the way in which our reflective capacities aid us in improving our lives. Dewey therefore launched a new understanding of the modern self that encouraged intervention in socia