Suchergebnisse

4 areas (Malaysia, Pakistan, the Southern Sudan, & Northern Nigeria) are considered re the position of Christian minorities esp as influenced by the former British imperial philosophy of the State & its proper relation to minorities. Malaysia & Pakistan are both self-defined as Islamic nations in their constitutions while guaranteeing persons of other relig's the right to practice their relig, but their positions differ in flexibility & tolerance. Sudan & Nigeria are less definitely committed to the Islamic world. Nigeria is divided by conflict between the `Islamic North' & the `Christian South'; whether she will adopt the flexible liberalism of Pakistan or the inflexible rigidity of Malaysia remains to be seen. Relig liberty is discussed esp re works of Lord Acton & C. de Albornoz. M. Farber.

The history of agrarian reform is as long as the history of the world, extending back into medieval, ancient, and biblical times. Like many other socio-economic and political movements, agrarian reform movements have been sporadic and discontinuous, although the last two centuries have witnessed almost continuous reform attempts commencing with the French Revolution. These attempts have become very common during the last two decades and have become part and parcel of United Nations programs. Though the literature on reform is extensive, there has been no endeavor to review reform movements in a historical perspective, or to synthesize the knowledge that can be derived therefrom and utilize it in guiding or evaluating reform. The need for this cannot be overestimated.

Archaeological studies indicate that human beings have killed each other during all the period of time that they have been on earth History tells us that wars have been waged for is long is records run. This penchant of human beings for conflict whether as individuals as members of social groups or as citizens of the communities which we call nations has been variously explained. Some have characterized conflict as a basic human instinct while others have extolled combat—and especially war— as ennobling the individual ind purifying the race. In more pragmatic terms war his been waged for territorial and economic gains and has been justified in terms of its contribution to the growth of peoples and the development of states.

The Council of the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM) held its eighteenth session on November 12–16, 1962, under the chairmanship of Mr. Peers L. Carter, United Kingdom permanent representative to the European Office of the United Nations. The Canadian ambassador informed the Council that Canada would resign its membership in ICEM, effective December 31, 1962. The Canadian delegate stressed that his government's departure from ICEM in no way diminished Canada's interest and concern for refugees. He said that the Canadian government would examine from year to year proposals to make a special voluntary grant to ICEM for the transport of refugees. The Council took note of the Canadian government's decision with deep regret.

Raymond Nakai's draft and final speech presented at the Annual Meeting of the Congress of American Indians focuses on goals for the Navajo people, such as the realization of civil and political rights. He states that they must seek improvement in their physical condition. Some of the problems and challenges on the reservation are pointed out, for example median income is one fourth that of the U.S. median income. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE: The Raymond Nakai Collection contains material documenting his activities as Chairman of the Navajo Nation from 1963 - 1971. He was responsible for the founding of Navajo Community College and helped legitimize The Native American Church. The collection consists of speeches, correspondance, photographs, scrapbooks, news clippings, and reports.

Draft of a speech by Raymond Nakai to the Navajo Tribal Council focusing on housing on the Navajo Reservation. His goal is to provide better homes that are affordable. Nakai asks his advisory committee to work with the Public Housing Administration. Finally he asks the council to go forward with the program and accept the four million dollars from the federal government to build 300 homes. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE: The Raymond Nakai Collection contains material documenting his activities as Chairman of the Navajo Nation from 1963 - 1971. He was responsible for the founding of Navajo Community College and helped legitimize The Native American Church. The collection consists of speeches, correspondance, photographs, scrapbooks, news clippings, and reports.

A descriptive analysis based chiefly on material from Philippine newspapers & magazines reflecting the att's of politicians, pol'al parties, & voters toward the use of polls in the 1961 election campaign. Polls became an 'issue' in the campaign, influenced the campaign strategy of the victorious Liberal Party which had been out of office since 1953, placed the incumbent Nacionalista Party on the defensive, & helped improve the 'image' of the Liberals. The study reveals that the involvement of polls in pol is not confined to Western nations. The accuracy of the reputable polls of 1961 indicates that PO res & measurement has progressed considerably in the Philippines &, more signif'ly, that Western techniques of PO res can be utilized in democratic non-Western countries. AA.

In a previous article I outlined briefly the development of the situation on the campus of Peking University (Pei-Ta) before, during and after the momentous events of the spring of 1957, the period of the "rectification campaign."The sequence of events in the past four years permits us to view the rectification campaign as a dividing date in the history of Communist China. The rectification campaign was the culminating point of a period that had seen the post-revolutionary reorganisation of the country, the assertion by the Communist Party of total control over the political, economic and ideological life of the nation and, following a campaign of liquidation of counter-revolutionary elements in the summer of 1955, a sudden "thaw."

The fact that Japan started capitalization and
industrialization much later than advanced countries has imparted
considerable peculiarities to her economy. Japan has had to establish
her manufacturing industries amidst com¬petition from advanced
countries. This was the case when she first suc¬ceeded in establishing
her light industries as export industries; so it has been in recent
times with the exportation of chemicals and machinery, and will be in
the future with the exportation of manufactured goods newly developed.
On the other hand, there are many young rising nations which are
speeding up their industrialization. Some of them have already succeeded
in establishing their light industries as export industries, replacing
the im¬ports from Japan in their domestic markets and competing with
Japanese goods in world markets.

The intelligentsia in Poland, as in all rapidly changing societies, is regarded as a leading social force and is observed with interest by sociologists, political scientists, and journalists. However, both in Poland and elsewhere the term "intelligentsia" has several connotations and refers to a variety of social groups and occupations, as does the term "intellectuals," which is sometimes used as an equivalent. In Webster's International Dictionary we find the following definition: "Intelligentsia.—Informed intellectual people; the educated or professional group, class, or party;—often derisive." The Oxford Dictionary defines the term as "That part of a nation that aspires to independent thinking." It seems to me that these two definitions represent the main trends in the use of this word.

Book reviewed in this article:Growing. An Autobiography of the Years 1904–1911. By Leonard Woolf.The Art and Practice of Diplomacy. By Sir Charles Webster.The Changing Patterns of the Middle East, 1919–1958. By Pierre Rondot. Translated from the French by Mary Dilke. With an introduction by Elizabeth Monroe.Contemporary Arab Politics: A Concise History. By George E. Kirk.The Soviet Economy: An Introduction. By Alec Nove.The Making of the President. By Theodors White.The Presidential Election and Transition, 1960–61. Edited by Paul T. DavidThe Story of Fabian Socialism. By Margaret Cole.In Search of Criminology. By Leon Radzinowicz.The Reconstruction of American History. Edited by John Higham.Greater London Papers.SHORTER NOTICEUnited Nations. Annual Report of the Secretary‐General on the Work of the Organisation

The current debate concerning the role to be played by the United States with respect to the expanding Common Market is in many ways as unreal as the proverbial angels and pinheads. The unreality stems from the fact that the United States has no choice—we are irrevocably committed to our identification with Western Europe.Despite the level of integration already achieved by the Western European nations, it can still be fashionable in informed circles to minimize the developments which have been leading toward the creation of a United Europe, to say that current plans for unification will come to naught. While it is true that earlier plans failed, there are sound reasons to say that those on the boards now will not.

The tenth session of the Ministerial Council of the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) was held in London on April 30 and May 1, 1962. The Council exchanged views on international developments since its last meeting, and reported steady progress. The ministers were agreed that the free nations should continue their efforts to achieve disarmament with adequate provision for international inspection. Pending a disarmament agreement, however, the CENTO countries had to rely upon their common defense against the dangers which threatened them. The ministers therefore considered the progress made in improving the defensive strength of the alliance, as reported to them by the Military Committee, particularly with regard to increase of coordination and the improvement of joint facilities between existing defense forces.

The Central American Common Market was established among the governments of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua on July 31, 1962, at the conclusion of the third extraordinary session, July 23–31, 1962, in San José, Costa Rica, of the Committee of Economic Cooperation of the five republics. Three conventions were signed by the ministers of economy, representing the five nations, with the aim of establishing the Central American economic integration structure: 1) the adhesion of Costa Rica to the Central American convention on equalization of tariff rates; 2) the protocol to the Central American convention on the equalization of import duties (the Protocol of San José); and 3) the Central American convention on fiscal incentives to industrial development.

PAFMECA was formed at a conference held in Mwanza, Tanganyika, from September 16 to 18, 1958, for the purpose of coordinating regional activities toward the achievement of independence for territories in East and Central Africa. The conference, which was attended by representatives of political parties from Kenya, Nyasaland, Tanganyika, Uganda, and Zanzibar, considered the following issues: 1) the position of those present toward (a) the non-African minorities in Kenya, Tanganyika, and Uganda, and (b) the Central African Federation (Nyasaland, Northern Rhodesia, and Southern Rhodesia); 2) methods for achieving coordinated action among the nationalist movements in East and Central Africa and for pooling resources in a concerted drive against imperialism; and 3) the development of a fundamental philosophic creed for the emergent African nations.