Suchergebnisse

Russlands Krieg gegen die Ukraine wird zwar von der Führung der Russisch-Orthodoxen Kirche mit spirituellen Motivationen "unterfüttert"; allerdings stehen auch andere Glaubensgemeinschaften des Landes hinter dem Krieg, darunter maßgeblich die islamische. Die vorliegende Studie argumentiert, dass das gegenwärtige orthodox-islamische Bündnis zwar tiefe Wurzeln in der russischen Geschichte hat, sich aber keineswegs zwangsläufig aus der historischen Erfahrung ergibt. Ferner wird am historischen Umgang Russlands mit Muslimen gezeigt, dass religiöse Vielfalt über weite Strecken der russischen Geschichte keineswegs die Säkularität stärkte - das russische Diversitätsmanagement kam (und kommt) häufig ohne eine religionsneutrale Plattform der Verständigung aus. Das erscheint aus westlicher Sicht problematisch, weil in unsere Vorstellungen einer "regelbasierten Weltordnung" das Menschenrecht auf Gewissensfreiheit tief eingeschrieben ist. Vor der Vergleichsfolie nicht-westlicher Gesellschaften (z.B. Indiens) erscheint das "konservative Diversitätsmanagement", welches auf einer Schnittmenge von religionsübergreifend geteilten Vorstellungen und traditionellen Verhaltensmustern basiert, aber keineswegs ungewöhnlich.

This study aims to explore the anatomy of the implementation of zakat and to reconstruct and to find an appropriate model law of zakat in Indonesia. Zakat can be optimized in improving and creating public welfare. The detailed analysis focused on the potentials of zakat that can be developed and manifested. The development of zakat was based on the existing of the Indonesian positive law and Islamic Law. Therefore, this study first identified and interpreted the divine values (Ilahiah values) that sourced from Qur'an and hadith. It elaborated on the legal resources from ijtihad, the fatwa from various theologians (Islamic Scholars). This study also applied normative legal research for addressing the issues related to the reconstruction of zakat norms. Meanwhile, empirical research was used to address and ascertain the societies' respond to the zakat changes. In normative legal research, this work used statutory, conceptual and case approaches. Thus, this work offers a good model of zakat management, such as zakat for a profession, zakat from fisheries products and other yields of the sea. This also reformed the model of collecting and distributing zakat.

Konfessionelle Erwachsenenbildung ist durch ihre gute Vernetzung vor Ort und durch ihren hohen Einsatz von Ehrenamtlichen besonders geeignet, Menschen in ihrem Lebensraum zu erreichen. Viele lokale Beispiele belegen die erfolgreiche Arbeit.

Abstract
Support for strangers is deeply anchored in the social ethics of various religious traditions. Based on a qualitative content analysis of interviews with refugees and immigration executives. the article focuses on the role of religion and religious communities in refugee accommodation in Germany between 2011 and 2018. It sheds light on different schemes and measures of support offered by religious communities and explores the significance of religious and cultural differences for processes of accommodation and early integration. The empirical analysis is embedded in conceptual debates on the re-emergence of faith-based service providers in the crisis of the late modern welfare state. The findings suggest that the so called 'refugee crisis' has served as an opportunity structure for Christian refugee aid. At the same time, refugee accommodation centres in Germany have responded to an increase of non-Christian refugees (notably: Muslims) by a more restrictive handling of religious freedom.

2v. ; 12⁰. ; Anonymous. By Isaac D'Israeli. ; Running title: 'Sketches of the times'. ; Reproduction of original from the British Library. ; English Short Title Catalog, ESTCT77691. ; Electronic data. Farmington Hills, Mich. : Thomson Gale, 2003. Page image (PNG). Digitized image of the microfilm version produced in Woodbridge, CT by Research Publications, 1982-2002 (later known as Primary Source Microfilm, an imprint of the Gale Group).

Can a primitive society set a public agenda? Are there some advantages for a religious society in setting an agenda? From a critical study of the communicative perspective of the Bible and hermeneutic reading of its texts, it can be said that certain elements in primitive societies succeeded in influencing the political and social agendas. They did so by exploiting specific public assemblies or appearing in crowded places in attempts to impact local and national agendas. This notion is significant because it suggests that in countries that do not have developed communication infrastructures or established religious institutions (e.g., churches, mosques, and synagogues) that serve as public arenas, indeed even in seemingly closed religious communities, there may well be attempts to use venues other than mass media to influence the public agenda.

The article analyzes the process of the movement of the Ukrainian authorities and certain church circles for receiving Tomos (ecclesiastical permission) for the creation of a single Ukrainian Orthodox Church, which has now unfolded. The authors point out the extreme politicization of this process, which concerns, above all, the affairs of the Church and believers. The methodological basis of the research was the recently developed philosophy of schism, which allows one to see the consequences of splits, primarily in the polarization of society. For the analysis, the authors also used the method of textological analysis of the statements of the participants of the marked events. In the course of the study, the authors concluded that the facts and events taking place in connection with the unfolding process of Ukraine's struggle for obtaining Tomos in Ukraine point to the politicization at the present time of not only religion, but also state-confessional and inter-church relations. The materials of the research allow us to conclude that the claims of the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew to the right to solely extradite Tomos to autocephaly alone are unreasonable, since there is no source under them except for one's own will and the cathedral of the Constantinople Church. And also the authors point out the lack of consensus of other autocephalous Churches that would grant such a right to the Ecumenical Patriarch. ; В статье проанализирован процесс движения украинской власти и определенных церковных кругов за получение Томоса (церковного разрешения) на создание единой Украинской православной церкви, развернувшийся в настоящее время. Авторы указывают на крайнюю заполитизированность данного процесса, касающегося, прежде всего дел Церкви и верующих. Методологической базой исследования стала наметившаяся не так давно философия раскола, позволяющая видеть последствия расколов в первую очередь в поляризации общества. Авторами также был использован метод текстологического анализа высказываний участников обозначенных событий. В ходе исследования сделано заключение о том, что факты и события, происходящие в связи с развернувшимся процессом борьбы Украины за получение Томоса на Украине, указывают на крайнюю политизацию, характерную для настоящего времени, не только религии, но и государственно-конфессиональных, и межцерковных, и внутрицерковных отношений.Материалы исследования позволяют сделать вывод о необоснованности претензий Вселенского патриарха Варфоломея на право единолично выдавать Томос на автокефалию, поскольку под ними нет никакого источника, кроме собственной воли и собора Константинопольской церкви. А также отсутствует и консенсус других автокефальных Церквей, которые бы даровали такое право Вселенскому патриарху.

The article reveals the methodological and methodical features of the expert survey and its role in sociological research. The advantages and limitations of using the results of the experts survey as a multivariant complex process both from the methodological and methodical points of view of the research process were substantiated. The requirements for its organization and conduct, including the requirements for the competence of experts, are presented. It is shown that its advantages lie in the possibility of obtaining new reliable information, deep interpretation, explanation, forecasting of the phenomena and processes under study, development of practical recommendations from non-standard positions. Particular emphasis is placed on the problems and mistakes in the implementation of various types of expert survey in sociology. Today, this method helps to diagnose, model, design and predict the state of real objects and processes, including employee certification processes. Moreover, it can be used to assess the social consequences of the implementation of projects and recommendations and management decisions. This breadth of research functions contributes to the popularity and development of the method of expert surveys in sociology.