Suchergebnisse

Lotteries played an important role in the foundation of the US, but were abandoned because of abuses in the nineteenth century. Their reintroduction occurred in the second half of this century, when states turned to them as a way of generating needed revenue. The revenue-generating potential of state lotteries is explored & it is concluded that they are incapable of contributing significant amounts of money to state coffers, & that they have not made inroads into illegal gambling. In the drive to increase revenues through legalized gambling, legislators may be ignoring their responsibility to address critical social issues directly through more progressive forms of revenue generation. To the extent that lotteries are utilized as a politically expedient alternative to taxation, they impede effective & constructive approaches to the amelioration of critical social problems. 1 Table. HA.

Front Matter -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword: the cities in the city -- Preface -- 1. Introduction to Vertical Cities: urban micro-segregation, housing markets and social reproduction -- PART I Hierarchies in negotiated social mix -- 2. Constantly evoked but under-researched: the conundrum of vertical stratification in Naples -- 3. Flat by flat: producing micro-scale social differentiation in an arrival neighbourhood of Marseille

2.7 Framing, strategies and fields2.8 Conclusion; 3 The social order of punctuated cooperation; 3.1 Containing participants; 3.2 Involvement in punctuated cooperation; Engrossment; Rekeying; Practical sense and private deliberations; Emergent context; Transcendence; 3.3 Endogeneity and selectivity; 3.4 Normalizing disruptions; 3.5 Towards change in strategies and fields; 3.6 Conclusion; 4 Organizational stress, failure and succession; 4.1 Formally organized cooperation; Formal expectations; Keys; Upkeying and downkeying; 4.2 Upkeying and downkeying organizational stress.

Economic aspects of globalization are related to the increasing economic integration and interdependence on a global level through the processes of overall trade and financial liberalization and deregulation, minimization the role of the state, domination of market principles and mechanisms, and appearance of new actors on international economic scene. Ideological background of the new globalization wave is neoliberalism or market fundamentalism that is institutionalized in the form of trilateralism in international economic relations. Trilateralism includes concentrating the power of governing and regulation of international relations on three regional blocks in the world economy (SAD, Western Europe and Asia) and three international economic institutions (IMF, WTO and WB) that regulate specific area of international economic relations. Although globalization represents huge potential for creation of enormous economic prosperity these benefits aren't evenly distributed, so there exists an increasing gap between the wealthy and the poor that deepens the discontents of the globalization process. Considering that the only alternative is autarky and isolation of economy, globalization cannot be an option, but a reality that must be accepted, however, not at the cost of annulling national interests and sovereignty, degrading economic positions and initiating enormous social tensions.

This volume deals with the role and impact of technology on the economy and society. The papers on corporate dimensions address the impact of patents, determinants of innovative activities, differential behaviour of multinationals, industrial groups and other firms with regard to innovations and technology. In contrast, the papers on social dimensions chiefly deal with the role of technology in reducing inequality. The majority of the papers employ econometric techniques and other statistical methods, and many are based on primary data. The studies emphasise the importance of innovations (especially patents) and human capital in influencing productivity across Indian states, the significance of patenting in determining the efficiency of firms, the role of business groups in promoting innovations, differences in the technological characteristics of multinational and domestic firms, and how mergers and acquisitions can promote R & D. The papers on social dimensions analyse how innovative activities can shape employment, the impact of technology on poverty, the socioeconomic characteristics of mobile phone ownerships, use of information and communications technologies at educational institutions, and the influence of Synchronous Technologies in reducing access to teaching programmes. The studies show that those Indian states that have invested in human capital and technology experienced higher labour productivity. Further, the studies establish a positive correlation between R & D spending and employment. Lastly, they demonstrate that the adoption of agriculture-related technologies can have a significant impact on rural poverty and consumption expenditures.