Suchergebnisse

Este trabajo presenta un análisis del contenido científico de los programas electorales. Con este estudio se pretende determinar cuáles son las exigencias cognitivas que este tipo de documentos demandan en la ciudadanía. Para ello, se han analizado los programas de los cuatro partidos de ámbito estatal que consiguieron mayor número de votos en las elecciones generales de 2011. Los resultados muestran que los partidos tratan diversos temas de carácter científico-tecnológico en sus programas. Por otro lado, el análisis de las exigencias cognitivas de un tópico concreto -energía- parece demandar la posesión de ciertos conocimientos elevados de tipo científico, tecnológico, medioambiental y económico. Las conclusiones recogen algunas consideraciones desde la didáctica de las ciencias experimentales respecto a este tipo de contenidos sociocientíficos que tanto afectan a la ciudadanía. ; This paper presents an analysis of the scientific content of the electoral programs. The aim of this study is to identify the cognitive demands of these documents on the citizenship. In order to do that, we have analysed the programs of the four most voted national parties in the general elections on 2011 [in Spain]. The results show that the parties deal with various topics of scientific and technological nature in their programs. Furthermore, the analysis of the cognitive demands of a particular topic -energy- seems to demand the possession of a high particular knowledge in science, technology, environment and economy. The conclusions indicate some guidance from the teaching of experimental sciences to work this kind of social-scientific content that highly affect citizens.

No presente artigo refletimos sobre como a questão da exploração sexual infantojuvenil – que envolve fatores coercitivos e tabus sociais que silenciam os sujeitos – transcende, ou não, o campo da preocupação de pequenos grupos para alcançar a atenção pública, tornando-se mais visível e ordenando uma constelação de mobilizações em seu entorno. Para tanto, na primeira seção abordaremos o processo comunicacional de como uma causa se torna pública, é coletivizada e cria e movimenta públicos ao seu redor. Compreendendo que existem barreiras a essa coletivização, na segunda seção exploraremos fatores que a silenciam e bloqueiam. Na terceira seção, analisaremos o caso do Vale do Jequitinhonha, região do Estado de Minas Gerais que apresenta uma situação de pobreza e problemas sociais evidentes, além de um grave índice de exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes.

The aim of this paper is to recognize and analyse the ideas of boys, girls, youth and families with respect to how to strengthen education for citizenship from the school and community space. This initiative is part of a research project that aims to develop a methodological model to strengthen the application of Law 20,911 that created the Citizen Training Plan in Chile. In this context, during the second semester of 2020, groups of conversations were developed with different members of the educational communities of the cities of Antofagasta and Coquimbo, in Chile. The groups, applied in a virtual way, were integrated for boys and girls from the first and second cycle of primary education, young people from secondary education and families. The conversation groups were based on three dimensions: 1) spaces for learning democratic participation in the school; 2) the city as a space for the exercise of citizenship; 3) contributions of the school to a society facing the challenges of a continue transforming world. The information produced was analysed from a qualitative-descriptive perspective, taking as a theoretical perspective some of Joan Pagès's contributions regarding the role of the school in the construction of critical citizenship and social justice. ; La presente investigación tiene por objetivo reconocer y analizar las ideas de niños, niñas, juventudes y familias con respecto a cómo fortalecer la educación para la ciudadanía desde el espacio escolar y comunitario. Esta iniciativa se enmarca en un proyecto de investigación que tiene por propósito elaborar un modelo metodológico para fortalecer la aplicación de la ley 20.911 que creó el Plan de Formación Ciudadana en Chile. En este contexto, durante el segundo semestre del año 2020, se desarrollaron grupos de conversación con distintos miembros de comunidades educativas de las ciudades de Antofagasta y Coquimbo. Los grupos, desarrollados por vía remota, estuvieron compuestos por niños y niñas de primer y segundo ciclo de educación primaria, jóvenes de ...

The radical conquest of public space and its transformation into political space have introduced major alterations of the Spanish public sphere after the outbreak of the 15-M movement. Such modifications refer also to a topic of symbolical interest, which is the conception and configuration of urban space -- a space that in the course of neoliberal urban production has been characterized as a residual category and a place of controlled and profit-oriented activities. By analysing key practices of the protest movement, the article brings together debates from critical urban geography and political theory. In a first step, it develops a conceptual perspective towards the multiple logics of neoliberal urbanism and the transformation of public space. Subsequently, counter-hegemonic spatial politics and urban demands will be discussed through the conceptualization of protest as acts of citizenship, proclaiming the construction of the public sphere and public space via strategic disobedience and the transgression of rules and laws. Protest camps, public political assemblies and recent squatting can be analysed as newly created spaces of citizenship that reconstruct the meaning of public space and of a political and politicised public sphere, claiming different ways of policy making. Adapted from the source document.

Citizenship is a public declaration of equality. Regardless of the inequalities that internally divide a society, citizens enjoy a common set of rights -- perhaps to protest or vote or run for office. The content of citizenship rights has varied greatly across time and place. In the stylized history of T. H. Marshall (1950/1992), rights to speech and access to the courts were among the earliest pillars of citizenship, followed by rights to the franchise, and finally by rights to social welfare with the emergence of modern social policy. Marshall's account of the historical development of citizenship describes a virtuous circle in which the pool of citizens grows as the rights of citizenship become more extensive. Civil rights empower citizens to press for voting rights. Once the male working class was enfranchised in Europe, unions and labor parties set about expanding social rights embodied in the welfare state. In Marshall's account, universal education was the key breakthrough, but safety net programs, national health care, and public pensions could also be added to the list. The articles in this volume describe how mass incarceration in the United States has reconfigured civic life. The virtuous circle of citizenship -- never fully developed in the United States to begin with -- has been interrupted. The punitive turn in criminal justice policy amounts to a transformation of the quality of citizenship, in which the state plays an active role in deepening, not reducing, inequality. The virtuous circle turned vicious. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright The American Academy of Political and Social Science.]

Citizenship presents two faces. Within a political community it stands for inclusion and universalism, but to outsiders, citizenship means exclusion. Because these aspects of citizenship appear spatially and jurisdictionally separate, they are usually regarded as complementary. In fact, the inclusionary and exclusionary dimensions of citizenship dramatically collide within the territory of the nation-state, creating multiple contradictions when it comes to the class of people the law calls aliens--transnational migrants with a status short of full citizenship. Examining alienage and alienage

In the past few decades Europe has changed its demographic composition, becoming home to more than 20 million Muslims. This change raises important issues regarding the definition of European identity, the nature of citizenship in a world of migrants, and social and cultural integration of diverse populations. The future of Europe, and the future of Islam within Europe, hinges on the degree to which these issues can be successfully resolved. Adapted from the source document.

This article has two interrelated aims. First, the article goes beyond law and places the discussions on nationality in the broader literature on citizenship, also drawing on social sciences, political theory and moral philosophy. The ensuing conceptual, historical and multi-disciplinary account highlights the long pedigree of the idea of citizenship, the manifold conceptions of citizenship that have developed over time (including supra-national, sub-national and transnational citizenship). The article demonstrates how the changing spatialities of citizenship culminated in a focus on the nation-state, and the emergence of legal citizenship or nationality, reflecting the legal bond between an individual and a state. It was also noted that in several respects the parameters of nationality keep changing. More particularly, four developments have been highlighted that circumscribe the sovereign right of states to determine who are their nationals, both legally and through de facto pressures. Secondly, this contribution provides the overarching framework for the special issue while identifying the salient discussion points regarding nationality and international law that will be teased out in the articles of the special issue. The article ends with a brief overview of the articles that make up the special issue.

In general acceptance, the passport is an official document, issued by a Government, certifying the identity and citizenship of the holder, facilitating the right to travel under the self-protection to and from foreign countries. This study shows how the passport evolved from the travel document to the privileged instrument for strengthening the mobility control. In this study, we discuss the dual nature of a passport: a travel document and bureaucratic construction with profound social implications, emphasizing its instrumental and affective value.