Suchergebnisse

Paradiplomacy, as a practice of local and re­gional governments, is the subject of multi­ple studies in different latitudes. These have helped to systematize and to make visible the behavior of these actors, especially their contribution to international relations and foreign policy. During this process, a greater conceptualization of the term has also been constructed, allowing dialogues to begin to overcome case studies and shape an emerging formal field of research. These advances con­sisted on the formal inclusion of the subject in curricula linked to international relations through a heterogeneous process. This article seeks to generate a contribution to the study of paradiplomacy in Argentina, from a regional perspective, to enhance academic studies in this emerging field of International Relations. ; La paradiplomacia, como práctica de gobier­nos locales y regionales, es objeto de una mul­tiplicidad de estudios en diferentes latitudes. Estos han contribuido a relevar y visibilizar el comportamiento de estos actores, en especial, su aporte a las relaciones internacionales y a la política exterior. Durante este proceso, se fue construyendo también una mayor conceptuali­zación del término, que permite establecer diá­logos que comienzan a superar los estudios de caso y dan forma a un emergente campo formal de investigación. Estos avances consistieron en la inclusión formal de la temática en planes de estudios vinculados a las relaciones internacio­nales a través de un proceso heterogéneo. En este artículo se busca generar una contribución al estudio de la paradiplomacia en Argentina, desde una perspectiva regional, para potenciar los estudios académicos en este emergente campo de las relaciones internacionales.

Das Werk zeigt Wissenschaftlern und Praktikern am Beispiel der Diskriminierungsverbote, dem Verbot der rechtswidrigen Enteignung und dem Gebot der fairen und gerechten Behandlung Möglichkeiten auf, wie die wohl wichtigste Problematik des internationalen Investitionsschutzrechtes, der faire Interessenausgleich zwischen Investitionsschutzrechten und dem Regulierungsbedürfnis des Gaststaates, im Wege der harmonischen Vertragsinterpretation auf Grundlage des Artikel 31(3)(c) WVK und dem sogenannten "Prinzip der systematischer Integration" gelingen kann bzw. wo dieser Ansatz seine Grenzen hat. Dazu wird zunächst die Relevanz "systemfremder" Normen im Investitionsschutzrecht erläutert herausgearbeitet. Nach einer detaillierten Darstellung der oben genannten Interpretationsmethoden, werden vor allem die Ansätze in der Rechtsprechung auf Grundlage der verschiedensten Vertragsregime und Schiedsgerichtsbarkeiten analysiert

The article analyzes the origins and current trends in the development of the crisis response structures and mechanisms within the European Union. The reasons for the failures of the EU in the implementation of the plans of previous decades to create EU Armed Forces separate from NATO are being considered. Thirty-four military, police, border and consultative operations and EU missions in conflict regions are being typologized in the article. It is concluded that the most in-demand operations were EU police and numerous "training" or "consultative" missions aimed at creating modern and professional state security forces in unstable regions. Although formally the European Union is only a subregional international organization, in practice the EU does not consider it necessary to legitimize its own interventions into conflicts through UN mechanisms. Operations and missions are conducted on the basis of the European Council's own policy decisions. However, the EU does not conduct openly coercive military-political missions on its own, leaving decisions on them to the UN Security Council. The article analyzes the structure, types, purposes of several dozen programs of military-technical and military-political cooperation implemented by the European Union within the framework of the EU Permanent Structured Cooperation Program (PESCO). The author structurally subdivides PESCO programs into groups: structures and means of joint crisis response, military-infrastructure programs, naval initiatives, programs in information and communication and cyber-spheres, logistics and military-medical programs, military-training programs. The content of each group's programs is reviewed in detail. The article substantiates the conclusion that the implementation of the currently announced PESCO programs will strengthen mostly the EU's marginal (background) capabilities in operations and missions under the Common Security and Defense Policy. PESCO does not actually include programs directly aimed at any drastic improvement of capability for missions and operations in crisis and conflict regions outside the EU.

The Christmas opening of Brother Sun, Sister Moon was in some ways worse than I'd anticipated [Franco Zeffirelli's film on Francis of Assisi was released December 2, 1972]. The Vietnam War protests had intensified; this was the time of flag-burning and guilt. I went to the previews and watched the reactions. Some were ugly; there was mocking laughter at the idea of love and gentleness …. [the film] went totally against the grain of the new cynicism …. Needless to say, the critics did not flinch from putting in the knife …. [The Easter opening of the film in London] was greeted with no less enthusiasm, though with less derision, than in New York. As expected, the critics were merciless. The only joy I have had out of the whole business is the affection the film has found among those in the world where faith means more than supposed sophistication. Since it was made, not a day has gone by when it is not shown somewhere in the world and now it has become a cult film.

Based on a study entitled, "British food and agricultural policy to 1985," published by Chatham house.

El libro Security Identity and Interests: A Sociology of International Relations analiza el problema de la seguridad en relaciones internacionales y las lecturas que de este complejo y controvertido tema se han ofrecido desde la academia. El texto traducido es el capítulo final del libro, con el que Bill McSweeney profundiza en una explicación alternativa de la seguridad y del orden social a la que ofrece el neorrealismo, entre otras, proponiendo una "teoría reflexiva del orden social" que se detiene en el carácter fluctuante de esta, y en sus posibilidades de cambio.

A participação do Direito como elemento central na formação dos profissionais de Relações Internacionais (RI) instiga a reflexão sobre os caminhos didático-pedagógicos da área jurídica e suas repercussões no arcabouço ontológico e epistemológico internacionalista. Assim, a partir da necessidade de uma análise crítica sobre a contribuição específica do Direito Internacional na construção teórica-instrumental das RI, este texto propõe uma reflexão sobre as atividades de ensino passível de ser conduzida em qualquer graduação em RI do país. O objetivo central desta proposta é promover um cabedal interpretativo das condições didáticas do ensino do Direito em cursos de RI, além de aclarar, desafios e perspectivas no processo formativo discente.Palavras-chave: Ensino; Relações Internacionais; Direito Internacional.ABSTRACTThe participation of Law as a key element in the training of International Relations (IR) professionals instigates thinking on the didactic-pedagogical paths of this discipline within the internationalist epistemological framework. Thus, based on the need for critical analysis on the specific contribution of International Law to the theoretical-instrumental construction of IR, this paper proposes a reflection on teaching activities that can be conducted at any Brazilian IR course. Our main objective is to promote an interpretative basis of Law's didactic conditions teaching in courses of IR, besides clarifying challenges and perspectives in the student body's formative process.Keywords: Teaching; International Relations; International Law.Recebido em: 10 dez. 2018 | Aceito em: 08 ago. 2019

The article analyzes the provisions of the multilateral and bilateral international legal treaties of Ukraine aimed at the conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems and the implementation of an ecosystem approach, which is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way.Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that these issues are among the most important and relevant at the international legal level, therefore, our state, having assumed relevant obligations in this area, should focus its efforts to their proper reflection in the national regulatory and legal field and their practical realization.It is hoped that in the near future, the outlined issues will receive increased attention both at the level of environmental legislation and in practical terms, because according to the Law of Ukraine «On the Basic principles (strategy) of state environmental policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030» dated 28.02.2019, which now has the status of a leading pointer in the environmental sphere, the goal of state environmental policy is to achieve a good state of the environment by introducing an ecosystem approach to all areas of socio-economic development of Ukraine to ensure the constitutional right of every citizen to a clean and safe environment, introduction of balanced nature management and conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems.

'In den neunziger Jahren hat sich ein neuer Regionalterminus von geostrategischer Bedeutung eingebürgert, der allerdings noch seiner präzisen Abgrenzung und Gliederung bedarf: 'Kaspischer Raum'. Unter ihn werden die beiden Regionen Kaukasien und Zentralasien subsummiert, die ihrer historischen Entwicklung, ihren kulturellen Verhältnissen sowie ihren ethno- und geographischen Strukturen nach recht unterschiedlich sind, aber für etwa zwei Jahrhunderte die Südperipherie des zaristischen und sowjetischen Imperiums gebildet hatten. Auf der politischen Landkarte umfaßt dieser Raum acht Nachfolgestaaten der Sowjetunion und drei Sezessionsgebilde. Letztere werden völkerrechtlich zwar nicht anerkannt, haben aber in der mehrjährigen Dauer ihrer Abtrünnigkeit eigenmächtig staatliche Strukturen geschaffen, Dieser neue, über die unmittelbaren Anrainer des Kaspi-Sees weit hinausgreifende Raumbegriff wurde vor allem aufgrund der Exploration von Erdöl- und Ergasfeldern sowie internationalen Auseinandersetzungen über die Exportkanäle dieser strategischen Rohstoffe prominent. Für Rußland bedeutet 'Südpolitik' die Bewältigung seines strategischen Machtverlusts an dieser ehemaligen Reichsperipherie und das Verhalten gegenüber internationalen Akteuren in diesem Raum. Von dieser Perspektive aus gestaltet sich auch seine Politik gegenüber einem weiteren Süden und Osten (Türkei, Iran, China, Partner ehemaliger sowjetischer Drittweltpolitik im Mittleren Osten). Die in den letzten Jahren gewachsene Konkurrenz mit den USA im Kaspischen Raum hat Rußlands Forderung nach einer multipolaren Weltordnung bekräftigt, die gemeinsam mit Staaten wie Iran und China vorgetragen wird. Die 'kaspische Politik' der USA negiert die Abhängigkeit dieses Raums von einer regionalen Hegemonialmacht, fordert im Grunde genommen eben jene 'Multipolarität' für die internationalen Beziehungen in der Region. Dabei sind die USA dort selber aber zu einer relevanten Einflußmacht geworden. Im vorliegenden Bericht wird auch das Thema europäischer Politik im Kaspischen Raum berücksichtigt.' (Textauszug)