Suchergebnisse

<B>Fragestellung:</B> Bisher gibt es für den deutschsprachigen Raum noch kein etabliertes Instrument, das ein umfassendes Screening des Substanzkonsums in allen verbreiteten Substanzkategorien erlaubt. Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) hat einen standardisierten Fragebogen zur schnellen und einfachen Erfassung von Suchtmittelkonsum und seiner negativen Auswirkungen entwickelt, den »Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test« ((WHO ASSIST). Während der WHO ASSIST bereits in mehrere Sprachen übersetzt wurde (z. B. spanisch, portugiesisch), lag eine deutsche Version bislang nicht vor. </P><P> <B>Methodik:</B> Der Fragebogen wurde nach Vorgaben der WHO ins Deutsche übersetzt, und die Tauglichkeit der Übersetzung an Patienten aus der Allgemeinmedizin und einer Suchtstation praktisch überprüft. </P><P> <B>Ergebnisse:</B> Die Pilotuntersuchung zeigte, dass die Übersetzung grundsätzlich praktikabel ist. Anschließende Kurzbefragungen zur Verständlichkeit der Items erlaubten es, die Formulierungen an einigen Stellen weiter zu verbessern. </P><P> <B>Schlussfolgerungen:</B> Mit dem deutschen WHO ASSIST liegt nun ein Screening-Fragebogen zur parallelen Erfassung des Suchtmittelkonsums in allen wichtigen Substanzkategorien vor. Als nächster Schritt ist eine direkte Überprüfung der psychometrischen Eigenschaften der deutschen Version notwendig. Die Vorbefunde aus internationalen Studien lassen gute Reliabilitäts- und Validitätswerte erwarten.

In the aftermath of World War I, the beaten paths of tourism guided an increasing number of international tourists to the hinterlands of the Arab Eastern Mediterranean, where they would admire pyramids and Roman ruins. Yet they were not the only visitors: Arab nationalists gathered in summer resorts, and Yishuvi skiing clubs practised on Lebanese mountain slopes. By catering to these travellers, local tour guides and advocates of tourism development pursued their agendas.
The book unearths unexpected connections between tourism and the emergence of nation-states in Egypt, Palestine, Syria and Lebanon. Arab middle-class actors striving for independence, Zionist settlers and mandate officials presented their visions of the post-Ottoman spatial order to an international audience of tourists. At the same time, mobilities and infrastructures of tourism shaped the material conditions of this order. Tourism thus helps us to understand the transformations of Arab societies in their global context, and its history is a colourful story of the emergence of the modern Middle East.

"In the aftermath of World War I, the beaten paths of tourism guided an increasing number of international tourists to the hinterlands of the Arab Eastern Mediterranean, where they would admire pyramids and Roman ruins. Yet they were not the only visitors: Arab nationalists gathered in summer resorts, and Yishuvi skiing clubs practised on Lebanese mountain slopes. By catering to these travellers, local tour guides and advocates of tourism development pursued their agendas. The book unearths unexpected connections between tourism and the emergence of nation-states in Egypt, Palestine, Syria and Lebanon. Arab middle-class actors striving for independence, Zionist settlers and mandate officials presented their visions of the post-Ottoman spatial order to an international audience of tourists. At the same time, mobilities and infrastructures of tourism shaped the material conditions of this order. Tourism thus helps us to understand the transformations of Arab societies in their global context, and its history is a colourful story of the emergence of the modern Middle East. "

This book provides a comprehensive overview of calibration and validation techniques for traffic simulation models. It details the data required as an input for the calibration and validation processes and shows how to increase its applicability using data enhancement techniques. It presents an extensive overview of traffic estimation, calibration and validation techniques, taking into account the key factor of uncertainty. This book derives from the methods and tools for supporting the use, calibration and validation of traffic simulation models project of the European Union COST framework--

"This book provides a comprehensive overview of calibration and validation techniques for traffic simulation models. It details the data required as an input for the calibration and validation processes and shows how to increase its applicability using data enhancement techniques. It presents an extensive overview of traffic estimation, calibration and validation techniques, taking into account the key factor of uncertainty. This book derives from the methods and tools for supporting the use, calibration and validation of traffic simulation models project of the European Union COST framework"--

AbstractThis summary reports on the outcomes and common issues faced among the countries represented at the Asia-Pacific Regional Meeting on Children's Environmental Health, a meeting that was held at the Chulabhorn Research Institute in Bangkok, Thailand, and which focused on cross-cutting issues and commonalities among countries/regions, discussion of lessons learnt, exploring opportunities for policy-relevant research collaborations, and reviewing available educational tools to help translate research findings into tangible outputs. The common children's environmental health issues faced by countries in the Asia-Pacific region include indoor and outdoor air pollution; unregulated and inadequate waste management; chemical and infectious agents in water used for drinking and cooking; hazardous pesticide use; and climate change and extreme weather events. The meeting participants agreed there is a need for multisectoral involvement in each country to develop frameworks and guidelines, raising public awareness of risk, and managing exposures in order to tackle these common issues. Networking will allow countries to learn from each other and enhance their efforts to protect not only the health of children, but also that of the rest of the population at risk.

Value capture (VC) is widely cited as a method for local authorities to provide urban public goods to their cities in the face of fiscal stress. Its application in practice however remains limited. In this article, we aim to explain the implementation process of VC as a strategy to fund public transportation infrastructure through case studies in London, New York, and Copenhagen. Adopting a theory of gradual institutional change, we argue that the implementation of VC depends on the capacity to change distributional institutions that are inherently contested. Particularly relevant is the role of the beneficiary, whose support of VC is necessary but not likely. Our results show that a strategic urban development project can act as a driver to overcome this barrier, but that this driver can, simultaneously, also hinder the institutionalization potential of a VC strategy. We therefore suggest that, for VC strategies to become more commonplace, sharing value uplifts among beneficiaries must become more commonplace too.

Nowadays, there is a need for tools to support city planners in assessing the performance of cycling infrastructure and managing bicycles and mixed flows. Microscopic and macroscopic bicycle traffic models can be used to fulfill this need. However, fundamental knowledge on individual cyclist interaction behavior (which should underpin these models) is hardly available in literature. Detailed bicycle traffic data are necessary if we want to gain insight into cyclist interaction behavior and develop sound behavioral theories and models. Laboratory experiments have been proven to be one of the most effective ways to collect detailed traffic data. For this reason, a controlled experiment aimed to investigate cyclist interaction behavior has been carried out at Delft University of Technology. This paper describes the experimental design, the resulting microscopic bicycle trajectories, and some preliminary results regarding one of the most common interaction situations: the bidirectional interaction. The preliminary results reveal how and to what extent cyclists interact in bidirectional cycling. It is found that cyclists perform a clearly-visible evading (collision avoidance) maneuver when they have face-to-face encounters. During these maneuvers, changes in speed and displacements in the lateral direction are observed. Cyclists start to deviate from their original path when they are around 30 m from each other, and they strongly prefer passing on the right-hand side. Moreover, the expectation of gender differences in cycling behavior reported in the literature is confirmed: our results show that women generally cycle more slowly than men and deviate more from their intended paths in face-to-face encounters. More observations will be available in the next stage of data analysis. These findings can be used to formulate improved microscopic bicycle traffic models for infrastructure design and policy development.