Suchergebnisse

Introduction: The blue on the map -- The first to risk their lives on the water -- The Minoans and the first "Thalassocracy" -- The collapse of civilization -- The assault on Egypt -- Greek colonization in the East -- How to build a boat in the eighth century -- Greek colonization in the West -- A typical foundation story -- Ramming -- The trireme -- Polycrates : king, tyrant, pirate -- Darius and the Greeks -- The first naval assault on Athens -- "Flee to the ends of the earth" -- "Pray to the winds" -- "Brave sons of Greece, advance!" -- "Lead the army" -- Yoke mates -- "A bad day for Greece" -- The strong do what they want -- "Thrice nine days" -- Athens at bay -- Hanging by a thread -- Conon the Athenian -- Giant men, giant ships -- Rowing on land -- Sacred chickens -- The first Illyrian War, 229-228 BC -- A different kind of war -- The first Macedonian War -- Greeks will be free -- Thirst for gold -- I shall crucify you -- Three million killed, enslaved, pacified -- Son of a god -- The long peace -- Decline and fall.

The date of foundation of the Greek city Nikonion is a key-question for understanding of the historical processes which took part in the Lower Dnister region during the period of the Greek colonization of the Black Sea north-western area. Preliminary studying of excavations materials allowed determining that Nikonion was founded in the second half of the 6th century BC. Modern level of the sources, first of all, such as the imported table wares, makes it possible to precise this date essentially. The detailed study of the Ionian vessels with skew (cups) and direct (hemispherical bowls) rim allowed the author to confine the time of Nikonion foundation by the limits of the last third (quarter) of the 6th century BC. The future publishing of complete assemblage of East Greek pottery accumulated for the 50 years excavations will give a possibility to prove this date and answer for the wider circle of questions connected with the place of Nikonion on the map of North-Western Pontic region, its political and economic history. ; Вопрос о времени основания античного города Никоний является одним из ключевых для понимания исторических процессов, происходивших в Нижнем Поднестровье во время греческой колонизации Северо-Западного Причерноморья. Предварительное изучение материалов раскопок позволило определить, что Никоний был основан во второй половине VI в. до н. э. Современное состояние источника, прежде всего, уровень изучения привозной столовой посуды, позволяет существенно детализировать эту дату. Детальное исследование чаш ионийского происхождения со смещенным (киликов) и прямым венчиком (полусферические чаши) позволило ограничить время основания Никония рамками последней трети (четверти) VI в. до н. э. Введение в научный оборот полной коллекции керамики восточногреческого происхождения, накопленной за более полувека раскопок, даст возможность не только подтвердить эту дату, но и ответить на более широкий круг вопросов, связанных с местом Никония на карте Северо-Западного Причерноморья, его политической и экономической историей. ; На підставі вивчення іонійських киліків та чаш східногрецького походження з керамічної колекції Ніконія встановлено їх сучасну хронологію, зроблено висновок про динаміку імпорту цього виду посуду до Нижнього Подністров'я, а на підставі цього— поточнений час заснування Ніконія в межах останньої третини (чверті) VIст. до н.е.

In contemporary Greek history we do not encounter the historical and social phenomena of colonialism or postcolonialism with the exception of cases where nations conquered Greek islands; the Dodecanese Islands and the Eptanisa (Seven Islands) were conquered by the English and the Italians, and Cyprus was conquered by the British in the Middle Ages and in contemporary times. These historical situations have been transferred into certain historical Greek fictions in adult literature and in the literature of children and young adult. The focus of this essay is on investigating and depicting colonialist attitudes and post-colonialist situations in science fiction for Greek Children. Initially, we attempt a brief introduction to the literature of children and young adults and mainly science fiction for children in Greece, and following this we outline the aims of our research. Then we define the terms "colonialism," "postcolonialism" and the new suggested terms "historical colonialism" and "literary colonialism" and refer to their relationship with science fiction. This is due to the fact that the setting of these narratives "is dictated" by a group of events that the writers themselves have either brought about or believe will take place in the future. Afterwards we point out the criteria that are used to distinguish between five types of colonization in the texts and we investigate at greater length the role that children and adolescents play in the texts, as they participate actively as liberators and saviors, as protectors for peace and the environment or as characters that take on the roles of adults. The children and young adults remain passive spectators of a peaceful colonization or do not participate in the action since the heroes in the story are insects. In this case, they are limited to the role of reader. Through the study of these texts, we detect similarities to similar situations, both in antiquity and at a later date, or during contemporary times where similar policies in certain countries have been regarded. Finally, we realize that after the inversion of colonialism and the liberation of the colonized planets, these planets are governed democratically, according to Plato's and Aristotle's ideas on politics.

"Most classical authors and modern historians depict the ancient Greek world as essentially stable and even static, once the so-called colonization movement came to an end. But Robert Garland argues that the Greeks were highly mobile, that their movement was essential to the survival, success, and sheer sustainability of their society, and that this wandering became a defining characteristic of their culture. Addressing a neglected but essential subject, Wandering Greeks focuses on the diaspora of tens of thousands of people between about 700 and 325 BCE, demonstrating the degree to which Greeks were liable to be forced to leave their homes due to political upheaval, oppression, poverty, warfare, or simply a desire to better themselves. Attempting to enter into the mind-set of these wanderers, the book provides an insightful and sympathetic account of what it meant for ancient Greeks to part from everyone and everything they held dear, to start a new life elsewhere--or even to become homeless, living on the open road or on the high seas with no end to their journey in sight. Each chapter identifies a specific kind of "wanderer," including the overseas settler, the deportee, the evacuee, the asylum-seeker, the fugitive, the economic migrant, and the itinerant, and the book also addresses repatriation and the idea of the "portable polis." The result is a vivid and unique portrait of ancient Greece as a culture of displaced persons"--

La thématique de la colonisation grecque aux époques archaïque et classique relève d'un ensemble de débats historiographiques récents et met en lumière les partis pris anciens et modernes dans l'étude des mobilités individuelles et collectives des anciens Grecs. L'Antiquité se fait ainsi très actuelle. The issue of Greek colonization in Archaic and Classic periods stands from a set of recent historiographical debate and it underlines ancient and modern standpoints in the study of Greek individual and collective mobility. Antiquity becomes thus very present.

The article is a review of the main problems of ancient archeology of the Northern black sea region and is structured on a chronological basis. First, we consider the problems of the early period of Greek colonization–VII–V centuries BC. the Main research topics are the causes and nature of colonization. A brief history of concepts – trade and agricultural, and their development in domestic historiography is given. Various views on these problems of researchers are given. A debatable global problem is the Greek-barbarian contacts, one of the aspects of which is the degree of influence of Greek and barbarian cultures on each other. According to tradition, the influence of Greek culture on the natives is significant. But the essence of the term "Hellenization" remains unclear. The question is raised: what is meant by this term? The second side of the issue is the presence of representatives of the local population in ancient centers. The presence of representatives of the local population in ancient cities is determined by the finds of stucco ceramics in urban layers and the presence of burials on Greek necropolises with deviations from the Greek funeral rite. The main question is what was the status of this population.A global problem of the ancient archeology of the Northern black sea region is the study of agricultural Chora. The main problems are the presence of a choir in borysthenes and Olbia, the reasons for the desolation of the Olbia choir in the V century BC. Land belonging to the state – "Tsar's Hora".The problem of the Hellenistic era-IV–II centuries BC. is the crisis of the III century BC. e., reflected in the decline of monetary circulation. The main research area is to identify the causes of the crisis.Problems of Roman times – the Roman Tauric limes, the presence of Roman military forces on the Bosporus. Periodization of the history of the Northern black sea region of the ancient era. ; Статья представляет собой обзор основных проблем античной археологии Северного Причерноморья и структурирована по ...

Introduction: The Archaeology of Island Colonization / Matthew F. Napolitano, Jessica H. Stone, and Robert J. DiNapoli -- I. Theoretical Approaches -- Using Ecology and Evolution to Explain Archaeological Migration Signatures in the Southwest Pacific / Ethan E. Cochrane -- Temporal Systematics: The Colonization of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and the Conceptualization of Time / Carl P. Lipo, Terry L. Hunt, Robert J. DiNapoli -- The Paleolithic Exploration of the Greek Islands and Middle Pleistocene Hominin Dispersals: The Case for Behavioral Variability over Behavioral Modernity / Curtis Runnels -- II. Methodological Approaches -- Above and Below the Waves: Advances in the Search for a Late Pleistocene Colonization of California's Islands / Amy E. Gusick, Todd J. Braje, Jon M. Erlandson, Jillian Maloney, and David Ball -- Multi-disciplinary Chronological Data from Iceland indicate a Viking Age Settlement Flood, rather than a Flow or Trickle / Magdalena M.E. Schmid, Andrew J. Dugmore, Anthony J. Newton, Orri Vésteinsson -- Improving Dating Accuracy and Precision for Mid-Late Holocene Island Colonization / Timothy M. Rieth and Derek Hamilton -- Stepping Stones and Genomes: Using Ancient DNA to Reconstruct Island Colonization / Jessica H. Stone and Maria A. Nieves-Colón -- III. Regional Case Studies -- What is the Most Parsimonious Explanation for Where Pre-Columbian Caribbean Peoples Originated? / Scott M. Fitzpatrick, Matthew F. Napolitano, and Jessica H. Stone -- The Colonization and Early Prehistory of the Mediterranean Islands / Thomas P. Leppard, Alexander J. Smith, and John F. Cherry -- Human Migration From Wallacea to Oceania and the Development of Maritime Networks During the Neolithic to Early Metal Age / Rintaro Ono, Harry Octavianus Sofian, Adhi Agus Oktaviana, Sriwigati, and Nasullah Aziz -- The Strategic Location of the Maldives in Indian Ocean Maritime Trade and Colonization / Richard Callaghan -- Conclusion / Jon M. Erlandson

Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Ethnography before Ethnography -- 1.1.Framing the Problem: Defining Ethnography -- 1.2."Other" Ethnographies -- 1.3.Ethnography (re) Defined -- 1.4.Approaches to (Greek) Identity -- 1.5.Structuring Discourse, Inventing Genre: Felix Jacoby and Greek Ethnography -- 1.6.Ethnography and Identity -- 1.7.Polarities Deconstructed -- 1.8.Setting Sail: Homeric Paradigms and the Economies of Knowledge -- ch. 2 Populating the Imaginaire -- 2.1.Phaeacians and Cyclopes -- 2.2.Hyperboreans -- 2.3.Arimaspians -- 2.4.Scythians -- 2.5.Amazons -- 2.6.Thracians -- 2.7.Phoenicians -- 2.8.Lydians -- 2.9.Ethiopians -- 2.10.Egyptians -- 2.11.Pelasgians -- 2.12.Arcadia -- ch. 3 Mapping Ethnography -- 3.1.Naming and Describing -- 3.1.1.Epithets -- 3.1.2.Stereotyping -- 3.2.listing and Imagining -- 3.3.Enquiring -- 3.4.Celebrating Place and People -- 3.4.1.Epinicia -- 3.4.2.Greek Coinage and its Reception -- 3.5.Visualizing -- 3.6.Consuming -- ch. 4 Mapping Identities -- 4.1.Between Boundless Steppe and a Welcoming Sea: Olbia and its Environs -- 4.1.1.Negotiated Heterogeneity: From Earliest Contacts to the Fifth Century B.C. -- 4.1.2.Points of Contact and Receptions of Difference -- 4.2.Reconstructing Identities in Southern Calabria: An Archaeology of discourse -- 4.2.1.Framing the Argument: Contact, Interaction, and Systems of Exchange -- 4.2.2.Landscape and Identity in Southern Calabria -- 4.2.3.Materials in Circulation, Ideas in Play -- 4.2.4.The Play of Identities, Knowledge, and Difference -- 4.2.5.Notions of Place -- 4.2.6.The Case for Difference: The Western Locrians -- 4.2.7.Conflict, Connectivity, and Exchange: The View from the Margins -- 4.3.The Imagined Centre: Identity and Difference at Delphi and Olympia -- 4.3.1.(Re)constructing Difference at Delphi and Olympia -- 4.3.2."Reading" Objects, Viewing People: Everyday Activities at the Center of all things "Greek" -- 4.3.3.Delphi and Colonization -- 4.3.4.Eclectic Spaces? Material Identities, Intercultural Contact, and Receptions of "Difference" -- ch. 5 The Invention of Greek Ethnography -- 5.1.Ethnography and Identity, from Homer to Herodotus -- 5.2.Inventing the Greek -- 5.3.Ancient Ethnography: Future Directions, New Approaches

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Maps -- Illustrations and Tables -- Abbreviations -- Notes on Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Greeks across the Ancient World -- Notes -- References -- Part I Approaches, Ancient and Modern -- Chapter 1 Mobility in the Ancient Greek World: Diversity of Causes, Variety of Vocabularies1 -- Categories of Mobility -- Mass Mobility -- Forced Migrations of Populations -- Personal Mobility -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 English-Speaking Traditions and the Study of the Ancient Greeks outside their Homelands -- Motherlands, Colonies, and the Marginalization of Greeks on the Margins -- Apoikiai, Emporia, and the Polis -- Greeks and Non-Greeks -- Conclusion -- Note -- References -- Chapter 3 French-Speaking Traditions and the Study of Ancient Greeks outside their Homelands1 -- The Century When it all Began -- Victor and Jean Bérard, from the Sea to the Earth -- Ceramics and Commerce -- Southern France: The Birth of a Field Laboratory -- Roland Martin and Urban Spaces -- Between Apoikiai and Emporia -- Territories -- A History of Style -- Conclusion -- Note -- References -- Chapter 4 German-speaking Traditions (including the Habsburg Empire) and the Study of the Ancient Greeks outside their Homelands -- Changing Perspectives on "Colonization" -- The "Greek" People/Race/State(s)/Nation(s) -- Overpopulation versus Trade -- Texts and Pots -- A Postcolonial Epilogue -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5 Italian-Speaking Traditions and the Study of the Ancient Greeks outside their Homelands -- Pre-unification Italy: Monarchies and Invasions -- Nationalism 1861-1945: The Rise and Fall of Ancient Rome -- The Postwar Internationalism: Greeks as Olive Branch? -- Conclusions -- References.

International audience ; The fondation of a Greek colony is determined by a number of natural conditions that exist in the Syracusan territory: abundant waters which have fertilized the land, a defensive plateau and an island well supplied with fresh water by both source and groundwater. The richness of the Syracusan ager promoted rapid economic growth and territorial expansion unprecedented in eastern Sicily. Then the settlers use hydraulic structures known in the Greek world, adapting to the terrain. The choices reflect a chronological evolution due certainly to a technological progress, but also to the succession of strong and centralized governments, seeking the demands of a growing population. ; L'implantation d'une colonie grecque est déterminée par un certain nombre de conditions naturelles que réunit le paysage syracusain : un territoire arrosé et fertilisé par une série de fleuves, un plateau et une île bien alimentés en eau douce tant par des sources que par une abondante nappe phréatique. La richesse de l'ager syracusain favorisait un essor économique rapide et une expansion territoriale sans précédent en Sicile orientale. Ensuite les colons utilisent les aménagements hydrauliques connus dans le monde grec en les adaptant à la nature du terrain. Les choix reflètent une évolution chronologique due, certes, à un progrès des techniques, mais surtout à la succession de gouvernements forts et centralisés, cherchant à satisfaire les demandes grandissantes d'une population en continuel essor démographique.

International audience ; The fondation of a Greek colony is determined by a number of natural conditions that exist in the Syracusan territory: abundant waters which have fertilized the land, a defensive plateau and an island well supplied with fresh water by both source and groundwater. The richness of the Syracusan ager promoted rapid economic growth and territorial expansion unprecedented in eastern Sicily. Then the settlers use hydraulic structures known in the Greek world, adapting to the terrain. The choices reflect a chronological evolution due certainly to a technological progress, but also to the succession of strong and centralized governments, seeking the demands of a growing population. ; L'implantation d'une colonie grecque est déterminée par un certain nombre de conditions naturelles que réunit le paysage syracusain : un territoire arrosé et fertilisé par une série de fleuves, un plateau et une île bien alimentés en eau douce tant par des sources que par une abondante nappe phréatique. La richesse de l'ager syracusain favorisait un essor économique rapide et une expansion territoriale sans précédent en Sicile orientale. Ensuite les colons utilisent les aménagements hydrauliques connus dans le monde grec en les adaptant à la nature du terrain. Les choix reflètent une évolution chronologique due, certes, à un progrès des techniques, mais surtout à la succession de gouvernements forts et centralisés, cherchant à satisfaire les demandes grandissantes d'une population en continuel essor démographique.

This volume discusses the multidimensional aspects of the unique, and so far unprecedented for Macedonia, 191 sherds from Methone in Pieria, dated to ca 700 BCE, which bear inscriptions, graffiti, and (trade)marks inscribed, incised, scratched and rarely painted. The 191 vessels were unearthed during excavations in ancient Methone in Pieria, the oldest colony of Greeks from Eretria in the north according to tradition. The Methone find is unique for two reasons. First, most of the pottery dates between 730 and 700 BCE, a period from which very few examples of Greek writing survives. And second, inscribed ceramics, scratched or painted, are extremely rare in Macedonia. This new evidence of inscribed pottery from Methone is invaluable for classical studies, and the papers of this volume contribute notably to current discussions about: the Greeks and the Greek language in Macedonia; the Greek colonization; the pottery trade and the early Greek transport amphoras; trade, the symposium, and other contexts for the development of writing; the 'alphabets' of Methone and the introduction of the alphabet in Greece; the dialect(s) of Methone in relation to the Greek dialects; early Greek writing, literacy, and literary beginnings.

AbstractStudents of International Relations are taught that the modern nation‐state has a monopoly on the (legitimate) use of violence. However, in the case of the Republic of Cyprus this does not seem to be the case, since its armed forces, the Cypriot National Guard (CNG), are intimately embedded within Greece's military structure, and half the island remains under Turkish occupation. The colonization of Cyprus (1571–1960) and subsequent decolonization has led to the gradual construction of two rigid identities, Greek and Turkish, that have been institutionalized legally and imposed constitutionally. This paper seeks to answer two questions. First, how does the CNG perform and therefore constitute a 'Greek identity'? Second, is this performance epistemically violent, hindering the formation of hybrid identities? We use autoethnography, interviews, and insights from Pierre Bourdieu's concept of the habitus and Judith Butler's performativity theory to explore these two questions. We argue that the CNG performs a Greek identity in three key configurations: 1) the operational link between the Greek Army and the CNG; 2) the explicit connection to both ancient and modern Greece through various CNG insignia and practices, including parades and marching songs; and 3) the entrenchment of the Greek Orthodox Church within its practices.

Students of International Relations are taught that the modern nation-state has a monopoly on the (legitimate) use of violence. However, in the case of the Republic of Cyprus this does not seem to be the case, since its armed forces, the Cypriot National Guard (CNG), are intimately embedded within Greece's military structure, and half the island remains under Turkish occupation. The colonization of Cyprus (1571–1960) and subsequent decolonization has led to the gradual construction of two rigid identities, Greek and Turkish, that have been institutionalized legally and imposed constitutionally. This paper seeks to answer two questions. First, how does the CNG perform and therefore constitute a 'Greek identity'? Second, is this performance epistemically violent, hindering the formation of hybrid identities? We use autoethnography, interviews, and insights from Pierre Bourdieu's concept of the habitus and Judith Butler's performativity theory to explore these two questions. We argue that the CNG performs a Greek identity in three key configurations: 1) the operational link between the Greek Army and the CNG; 2) the explicit connection to both ancient and modern Greece through various CNG insignia and practices, including parades and marching songs; and 3) the entrenchment of the Greek Orthodox Church within its practices.

International audience ; The paper provides a summary of the foundation of Massalia by the Phoceans in the late 7th century BC and its political, economic and cultural development before the Roman conquest. ; L'article propose une synthèse sur la fondation de Massalia par les Phocéens à la fin du 7e s. av. J.-C. et son évolution politique, économique et culturelle avant la conquête romaine.