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Abstract Background Osteoporosis has significant impact on healthcare costs and quality of life. Amongst the models for collaborative disease state management services published internationally, there is sparse evidence regarding the role of community pharmacists in the provision of osteoporosis care. Hence, the aim of our study was to explore community pharmacists' opinions (including the barriers and facilitators) and scope of osteoporosis disease state management services by community pharmacists in Malaysia, informing a vision for developing these services. Methods Semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups discussions were conducted with community pharmacists from October 2013 to July 2014. Three trained researchers interviewed the participants. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed thematically using an interpretative description approach. Results Nineteen community pharmacists with 1–23 years of experience were recruited (in depth interviews: n = 9; focus group discussions: n = 10). These participants reflected on their experience with osteoporosis-related enquiries, which included medication counseling, bone density screening and referral of at-risk patients. Key barriers were the lack of numerous factors: public awareness of osteoporosis, accurate osteoporosis screening tools for community pharmacists, pharmacists' knowledge on osteoporosis disease and medications, time to counsel patients about bone health, collaboration between pharmacists and doctors, and support from the government and professional body. The pharmacists wanted more continuing education on osteoporosis, osteoporosis awareness campaigns, a simple, unbiased osteoporosis education material, and inter-professional collaboration practices with doctors, and pharmacists' reimbursement for osteoporosis care. Conclusions The involvement of community pharmacists in the provision of osteoporosis disease state management was minimal. Only ad-hoc counseling on osteoporosis prevention was performed by community pharmacists. Development and trial of collaborative osteoporosis disease state management services in community pharmacy could be facilitated by training, support and remuneration.

A large body of evidence has documented the effectiveness of mass-media communication programs in increasing family planning use and changing reproductive behavior. But the potential impact of these programs on the mediating role of gender norms has not been systematically assessed in Nigeria. Regionally representative cross-sectional end line data collected for the evaluation of a long-running entertainment-education radio serial drama program aired in northern Nigeria are examined for program effects on both reproductive and gender outcomes as well as the relative effect of gender on reproductive outcomes. The drama was popular, with 70% of the sample listening weekly. Results show that the drama positively impacted both sets of outcomes especially the reproductive outcomes. Results further indicate a strong relative effect of gender on reproductive issues.

During the Nazi era, about three million Jews – half the victims of the Holocaust – were deported from the German Reich, the occupied territories, as well as Nazi-allied countries, and sent to ghettos, camps, and extermination centers. The police and the SS also deported tens of thousands of Sinti and Roma, mainly to the Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp, where most of them were killed. Deportations were central to National Socialist persecution and extermination. In November 2020, an international conference organized by the Arolsen Archives focused on the various historical sources, their research potential, and (digital) methods of cataloging them. It also explored new (systematizing and comparative) approaches in historical research. This volume features over 20 contributions by scholars from different countries and with a variety of perspectives and questions. The main geographical focus is on deportations from the German Reich and German-occupied Southeastern Europe

Background: Good oral hygiene and regular dental visits are recommended to prevent and manage oral health problems. Lack of utilization of dental services and barriers in seeking regular dental care can lead to delaying in treatment of dental diseases, leading tooth loss. Objective: To determine the oral hygiene practices and reasons for late seeking of dental treatment among the patients visiting public tertiary care hospital. Study design, settings and duration: A Cross sectional study was conducted at oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, PMC Dental Institute, Faisalabad Medical University/Allied Hospital, Faisalabad from August 2019 to October 2019. Methodology: The questions were divided into three sections; demographic detail, regarding oral hygiene practices and reasons for delay in dental treatment. Results: Out of 400 participants 376 (94%) questionnaire were collected and analyzed. Male to female ratio was 1:2 whereas, mean age of the participants ranged from 16-80 year, 115 participants (32.4%) had metric level education, whereas 122 (32.4%) participants had monthly income <10,000. Most of the participants practiced good oral hygiene measures by once or twice/day brushing with toothbrush or miswak. Perception of giving less priority to dental was the most common reason. Other reasons were lack of time, high treatment cost and non-availability of hygienically good dental facilities especially in government setups. Conclusion: The study concluded that a good percentage of population was aware of oral hygiene measures and was practicing them in their routine life. However, lack of priority to dental care was the main reason for delay in seeking dental care. Mostly females, patients with low socioeconomic conditions and less education were ignoring dental care unless develop any dental problem.

In order to be happy at the workplace, employees need to feel engaged with the work environment. Work engagement refers to a work-related mental state that is positive and fulfilling, characterized by vigor (high levels of energy while working), dedication (sense of meaning, enthusiasm, inspiration, pride and challenge) and absorption (the individual's complete concentration at work, which makes time fly quickly without his noticing). Besides that, the personal energy that individuals bring to their work is associated with work engagement. This study is done to investigate the factors that allow work engagement at the workplace emphasizing in assisting and addressing experience gaps in the strictest sense of the word by assigning values for the lasting connections actions to the relevant individuals, causing the person or the team to simply focus on producing outcomes in a healthy workplace and collaborative nature.115 participants responded to a survey given online. Findings reveal several factors that can lead to a positive culture at the workplace.