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This book responds to a gap in the literature in International Relations (IR) by integrating technology more systematically into analyses of global politics.Technology facilitates, accelerates, automates, and exercises capabilities that are greater than human abilities. And yet, within IR, the role of technology often remains under-studied. Building on insights from science and technology studies (STS), assemblage theory and new materialism, this volume asks how international politics are made possible, knowable, and durable by and through technology. The contributors provide empirically rich and pertinent accounts of a variety of technologies relevant to the discipline, including drones, algorithms, satellite imagery, border management databases, and blockchains. Problematizing various technologically mediated issues, such as secrecy, violence, and questions of how authority and evidence become constituted in international contexts, this book will be of interest to scholars in IR, in particular those who work in the subfields of (critical) security studies, International Political Economy, and Global Governance.

The political and symbolic centrality of capital cities has been challenged by increasing economic globalization. This is especially true of secondary capital cities; capital cities which, while being the seat of national political power, are not the primary economic city of their nation state. David Kaufmann examines the unique challenges that these cities face entering globalized, inter-urban competition while not possessing a competitive political economy. Varieties of Capital Cities offers empirically rich case studies of four secondary capital cities: Bern, Ottawa, The Hague, and Washington, DC. Analysed with an innovative research framework, this book shows through its clearly structured analysis, that while the pressures facing these cities are the same, the mechanisms they employ to cope with them are very different. They have formulated a wide variety of policies to supplement their capital function with economically promising profiles, even though they cannot escape their destinies as government cities. This book is an impressive contribution to an area of study largely neglected by urban studies, political science, and economic geography. With vital lessons for urban policy makers, the interested practitioner will find a pool of inspiration for their urban strategies. Students and scholars of these subjects will find this book interesting, and will also find it invaluable as a lesson for how to develop and execute comparative case studies

Die Diskussionen um Kontinuitäten und Umbrüche zwischen dem späten Mittelalter und der Reformationszeit nötigen zu einer Klärung der historiographischen Stellung der Reformation. Im Zentrum der einzelnen Studien dieses Buches steht die Frage nach dem »Anfang« der Reformation als eines in sich komplexen Ereignisses. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die literarischen Akteure der reformatorischen Bewegung, allen voran Luther, Traditionen konstruierten, in denen sie ihre Anliegen legitimierten und plausibilisierten. An den »Anfängen« der Reformation stehen auch bestimmte Traditionskonstruktionen der vorreformatorischen Ketzergeschichte, des Bibelgebrauchs und der reform- und der politiktheoretischen Literatur des 15. Jahrhunderts.Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt in Thomas Kaufmanns Studien liegt auf den Kommunikationsdynamiken, die die Reformation mittels »neuer Medien« über den Bereich der akademischen Diskussionen in eine breitere Öffentlichkeit getragen haben. Lehrbildungen und Identitätsentwürfe, die den inneren Zusammenhang und die Dissoziationsprozesse der reformatorischen Bewegung darstellen, bilden einen weiteren Fokus. Dem Verfasser geht es im Kern darum, Luther und die unterschiedlichen Rezeptionen, die ihm zuteilwurden, aufeinander zu beziehen. Dies wird vornehmlich an Texten und Sachverhalten der frühen 1520er Jahre aufgezeigt.»Ein unglaublich gelehrtes, in viele Einzelheiten der frühen Neuzeit einführendes Buch, weit über theologische Fragen hinausgehend und doch immer nach der Relevanz für die Theologie fragend. […] Der Stand der Forschung, die Fülle der Quellen, spannende Ergebnisse. Spitzenforschung.«Christoph Auffarth auf http://buchempfehlungen.blogs.rip-virtuell.net (02/2013)»Ein großes Werk des Göttinger Kirchenhistorikers Thomas Kaufmann.«Karl-Friedrich Wiggermann in PV-aktuell Nr. 3 (2012), S. 9»Mit diesem Werk legt Kaufmann erneut ein sorgfältig recherchiertes Buch vor, das zahlreiche Anknüpfungspunkte für eine fruchtbringende Diskussion bietet.«Jan Martin Lies in Ebernburg-Hefte 48 (2014), S. 318–320

part PART I Interconnectedness, emergencies and resilience -- chapter 1 The emergency paradigm -- chapter 2 Resilience is the answer!? -- chapter 3 Thinking for and from relationality -- chapter 4 From program to programming -- part PART II Resilience as a way of governing the Internet -- chapter 5 Resilience and spatiality -- chapter 6 Resilience and affect -- part PART III Resilience as a way of governing through the Internet -- chapter 7 Resilience and the digital -- chapter 8 Resilience and the network -- part PART IV Conclusions -- chapter 9 A theory of resilience and the relational.

"This book traces how resilience is conceptually grounded in an understanding of the world as interconnected, complex and emergent. In an interconnected world, we are exposed to radical uncertainties, which require new modes of handling them. Security no longer means the promise of protection, but it is redefined as resilience - as security in-formation. Information and the Internet not only play a key role for our understanding of security in highly connected societies, but also for resilience as a new program of tackling emergencies. Social media, cyber-exercises, the collection of digital data and new developments in Internet policy shape resilience as a new form of security governance. Through case studies in these four areas this book documents and critically discusses the relationship between resilience, the Internet and security governance. It takes the reader on a journey from the rise of complexity narratives in the context of security policy to a discussion of the Internet́'s influence on resilience practices, and ends with a theory of resilience and the relational. The book shows how the Internet nourishes narratives of connectivity, complexity and emergency in political discourses, and how it brings about new resilience practices. This book will be of much interest to students of resilience studies, Critical Security Studies, Internet-politics, and International Relations in general."--Provided by publisher

TABLE OF CONTENTS -- ABOUT THE AUTHOR -- PREFACE -- ONE-Kaufmann: Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre -- I. DOSTOEVSKY -- II. KIERKEGAARD -- III. NIETZSCHE -- IV. JASPERS -- V. HEIDEGGER -- VI. SARTRE -- VII. A STORY WITH A MORAL -- TWO-Dostoevsky: NOTES FROM UNDERGROUND -- THREE-Kierkegaard: ON HIMSELF -- 1. On His Mission -- 2. On His Works -- 3. On His "Mode of Existence" -- 4. "That Individual" -- FOUR-Nietzsche: "LIVE DANGEROUSLY" -- 1. "The Challenge of Every Great Philosophy" -- 2. "The Gay Science" -- 3. On Free Death -- 4. The Beginning of "The Will to Power" -- 5. From "Ecce Homo" -- FIVE-Rilke: THE NOTES OF MALTE LAURIDS BRIGGE -- SIX-Kafka: THREE PARABLES -- 1. An Imperial Message -- 2. Before the Law -- 3. Couriers -- SEVEN-Jaspers: EXISTENZPHILOSOPHIE -- 1. On My Philosophy -- I. THE COURSE OF MY DEVELOPMENT -- II. MAKING TRADITION OUR OWN -- III. DRIVES TO THE BASIC QUESTIONS -- IV. MY WORKS -- V. EPILOGUE -- 2. Kierkegaard and Nietzsche -- I. HISTORICAL REFLECTIONS -- THE CONTEMPORARY SITUATION -- II. KIERKEGAARD AND NIETZSCHE -- III. MEANING OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL SITUATION PRODUCED BY KIERKEGAARD AND NIETZSCHE -- 3. The Encompassing -- I. THE ENCOMPASSING WHICH WE ARE: EMPIRICAL EXISTENCE, CONSCIOUSNESS AS SUCH, SPIRIT -- II. THE ENCOMPASSING AS BEING ITSELF -- WORLD AND TRANSCENDENCE -- III. EXISTENZ, ANIMATION AND GROUND OF ALL MODES OF THE ENCOMPASSING -- IV. REASON: THE BOND BETWEEN THE VARIOUS MODES OF THE ENCOMPASSING -- V. REASON AND EXISTENZ -- VI. REFLECTIONS ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FORM OF THIS BASIC IDEA -- VII. PHILOSOPHICAL RESULT -- EIGHT-Martin Heidegger: THE WAY BACK INTO THE GROUND OF METAPHYSICS -- NINE-Sartre: EXISTENTIALISM -- 1. The Wall -- 2. Self-Deception -- I. SELF-DECEPTION AND FALSEHOOD -- II. PATTERNS OF SELF-DECEPTION -- III. THE "FAITH" OF SELF-DECEPTION -- 3. Portrait of the Anti-Semite

The vexed and sometimes shocking story of Martin Luther, one of the most important figures in modern European history, and his increasingly vitriolic attitudes towards the Jews - as well as the ominous legacy of Luther's anti-semitism for the future of Germany in the centuries to come

This paper studies Ramsey-optimal monetary and fiscal policy in a New Keynesian 2-country open economy framework, which is used to assess how far fiscal policy can substitute for the role of nominal exchange rates within a monetary union. Giving up exchange rate flexibility leads to welfare costs that depend significantly on whether the law of one price holds internationally or whether firms can engage in pricing-tomarket. Calibrated to the euro area, the welfare costs can be reduced by 86% in the former and by 69% in the latter case by using only one tax instrument per country. Fiscal devaluations can be observed as an optimal policy in a monetary union: if a nominal devaluation of the domestic currency were optimal under flexible exchange rates, optimal fiscal policy in a monetary union is an increase of the domestic relative to the foreign value added tax.

Danksagung -- Was Sie in diesem Essential finden -- Einleitung -- Abkürzungsverzeichnis -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Kapitel-1 -- Industrie 4.0 - ein Überblick -- 1.1 Blick in die Zukunft -- 1.2 Trends -- 1.3 Industrie 4.0 -- 1.3.1 Definition von Industrie 4.0 -- 1.3.2 Komponenten von Industrie 4.0 -- 1.3.3 Das Industrie 4.0-Modell -- 1.3.4 Reife von Industrie 4.0 -- Kapitel-2 -- Datenzentrierte Geschäftsmodelle -- 2.1 Ansätze für Neue (definierte) Geschäftsmodelle -- 2.1.1 Industrie 4.0-Lösungen -- 2.1.2 Personalisiertes Produkt -- 2.1.3 Losgröße 1 im Aftermarket -- 2.1.4 Verfügbarkeit on Demand -- 2.1.5 Offenes Geschäftsmodell: Marktplatz -- 2.2 Ansätze für die Verbesserung bestehender Geschäftsmodelle -- 2.2.1 Verkürzung Lieferzeit -- 2.2.2 Verbesserung Qualität -- 2.3 Neu zu definierende Geschäftsmodelle -- 2.4 Beispiele -- 2.4.1 Firma KAESER verkauft Verfügbarkeit -- 2.4.2 HARTING entwickelt ein offenes Geschäftsmodell für Hardware -- 2.5 Schlussfolgerung -- Kapitel-3 -- Umsetzung und Transformation -- 3.1 Analyse -- 3.2 Ideenfindung -- 3.3 Das Industrie 4.0-Zielmodell -- 3.4 IT-Architektur für Industrie 4.0 -- 3.5 Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung -- 3.5.1 Mehrwerte -- 3.5.2 Besonderheiten durch Industrie 4.0 -- 3.6 Roadmap -- 3.7 Umsetzung -- Zusammenfassung und Ausblick -- Was Sie aus diesem Essential mitnehmen können -- Anhang -- Literatur.