Suchergebnisse

Die Synthetische Biologie ist ein neuer Forschungs- und Anwendungsbereich der Molekularbiologie, der Methoden und Verfahrensweisen mit der Gentechnik teilt. Im Unterschied zur Gentechnik, die einzelne Gene in bereits existierende Organismen einbringt, zielt die Synthetische Biologie darauf ab, neue organische Komponenten oder sogar Organismen zu erzeugen und technisch zu beherrschen. Das Forschungs- und Entwicklungsfeld der Synthetischen Biologie ist derzeit noch durch große Unschärfen bestimmt. Als weitgehend geteilte Grundlage kann jedoch eine neuartige Transdisziplinarität zwischen Biowissenschaften, Ingenieurwissenschaften und Bioinformatik ausgemacht werden, die das Ziel der Konstruktion künstlicher Systeme auf der Basis biologischer bzw. biochemischer Elemente verfolgt. Durch den formenden Eingriff in das Lebendige scheint sich eine neue Schnittstelle zwischen unbelebter und belebter Materie zu ergeben, die in den Produkten der Synthetischen Biologie vermeintlich klare Grenzen zwischen Natürlichem und Künstlichem aufweicht, eine weitere instrumentelle Sicht auf das Lebendige eröffnet und darüber hinaus die Stellung des Menschen als Akteur und Objekt der Synthetischen Biologie verändert. Der Sachstandsbericht strukturiert die Debatte zur Synthetischen Biologie aus naturwissenschaftlicher, rechtlicher sowie ethischer Perspektive. Allgemeine Innovations- und Gefährdungspotenziale der Synthetischen Biologie werden ebenso diskutiert wie spezifische kritische Anwendungskontexte, aber auch entsprechende Strategien und Regulierungen zur Risikominderung. Darüber hinaus werden naturphilosophische Einordnungen der Synthetischen Biologie sowie normative Diskurse über einen gesellschaftlich akzeptablen Umgang mit ihr reflektiert. ; Synthetic Biology is a new research and application area in molecular biology that shares methods and procedures with genetic engineering. In contrast to genetic engineering, which introduces individual genes into already existing organisms, Synthetic Biology aims to create new organic components or even organisms and to master them technically. The research and development field of Synthetic Biology is currently still characterized by great uncertainty. However, a novel transdisciplinarity between biosciences, engineering sciences and bioinformatics can be identified as a largely shared basis, which pursues the goal of constructing artificial systems based on biological or biochemical elements. Through the formative intervention in the living, a new interface between inanimate and animate matter seems to emerge, which in the products of Synthetic Biology blurs supposedly clear boundaries between the natural and the artificial, opens up a further instrumental view of the living, and beyond that changes the position of humans as actors and objects of Synthetic Biology. The progress report structures the debate on Synthetic Biology from a scientific, legal and ethical perspective. General innovation and risk potentials of Synthetic Biology are discussed as well as specific critical application contexts, but also corresponding strategies and regulations for risk reduction. In addition, natural-philosophical classifications of Synthetic Biology and normative discourses on how to deal with it in asocially acceptable way are reflected upon.

PART I. Introduction and Overview -- Introduction: Bioeconomy and Sustainability -- PART II. Energy and Land Use -- "Global Shifting Agriculture" and Bioeconomy: Challenges for the Sustainable Use of Global Land Resources -- Sustainable Resources: From Plants to Products -- PART III. Nutrition and Food Ethics -- Food as a Moral Problem -- Bioeconomy and Food Security -- Acceptance of Insects and In Vitro Meat as a Sustainable Meat Substitute in Germany: In Search of the Decisive Nutritional-Psychological Factors -- PART IV. Technology and Governance -- Characteristics of Innovation in Bioeconomy -- Spatial Implications of the Leitmotif Shift from Biotechnology to Bioeconomy -- Problem Structures of Bioenergy Policy in the Power and Heat Sector in Germany -- The Bioeconomy Transformation in the German Rheinische Revier: Stakeholders and Discourses in Media Coverage -- PART V. Regulation and Economics -- Bioeconomy and Genome Editing: A Comparison Between Germany and the Netherlands -- Monitoring and Measuring Bioeconomy -- Resource Sufficiency in a Sustainable Bioeconomy: A Predator-Prey Perspective -- Agriculture in the Bioeconomy: Economics and Policies -- PART VI. Normativity and Ethics -- Bioeconomy and Ethics -- Bioeconomy from the Perspective of Environmental Ethics -- Conditions for an Ethically Responsible and Sustainable Bioeconomy Based on Hans Jonas' Ethics of Responsibility -- Bioeconomy as a Normative Concept of Resilience: Challenges and Opportunities -- PART VII. Conclusions and Outlook -- Bioeconomy: Challenges and Conflicts from an Interdisciplinary Perspective -- Bioeconomy Beneath and Beyond: Persisting Challenges from a Philosophical and Ethical Perspective.

Aiming at designing a comprehensive approach to ethics and participation, this study encompasses general features and configurations of ethics in the field of research and innovation, to further connect them with participatory practices broadly understood. Taking stock of the overall blurred vision that R&I literature and practices manifest in regards with participation, this critical review faces this challenge by opening up the meanings of participation and offering a multi-layered approach, combining theoretical considerations with policy-making and empirical forms. Participation can be considered as the epitome of innovation ethics, provided its multidimensionality, and the depth and nature of the involvement, are clarified at the outset. DISCLAIMER: The present Deliverable has been submitted to the European Commission for review. The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Der Begriff der Biodiversität, im deutschen Sprachgebrauch häufig zur Artenvielfalt verkürzt, bezeichnet allgemein die Vielfalt von Genen, Arten und Lebensräumen. Ihre Bewahrung ist inzwischen Gegenstand zahlreicher sowohl nationaler als auch internationaler biopolitischer Bestimmungen. Dennoch wird der Schutz der Biodiversität und damit auch der Wert, welcher der Natur beigemessen wird, aus verschiedenen Einzelperspektiven höchst unterschiedlich begründet. Im ersten Teil wird aus biologischer Sicht beleuchtet, was unter Biodiversität verstanden wird, inwiefern sie bedroht und zugleich schützenswert ist. Im anschließenden wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Abschnitt wird die Diskussion um den ökonomischen Nutzen der Biologischen Vielfalt dargestellt. Gegenstand des rechtswissenschaftlichen Abschnittes sind einschlägige einzelstaatliche Regelungen wie auch internationale Konventionen und völkerrechtliche Bestimmungen zum Schutz der Biodiversität. Abschließend werden naturphilosophische und ethische Argumente erörtert, die für die Anerkennung der Biologischen Vielfalt als ein eigenständiges Gut sprechen. ; The term "biodiversity", in the German language often summed up as "diversity of species", indicates the diversity of genes, species and habitats in general. Meanwhile their conservation is listed in numerous international biopolitical regulations. Anyhow, the conservation of biodiversity and with it the value which is attributed to nature is based on many different varied individual perspectives. In the first part it is explored what biodiversity means from biological angles and to what extent it is threatened und worthy of protection. In the following economic chapter the discussion on the economic benefit of biological diversity is presented. Subject matter in the jurisprudential paragraph is the corresponding regulations in individual countries as well as international conventions and under international law regulations protecting biodiversity. In closing natural philosophical and ethical criteria which speak in favour of the acknowledgement of the biological diversity as an independent property are discussed.

International audience ; In this consensus paper resulting from a meeting that involved representatives from more than 20 European partners, we recommend the foundation of an expert group (European Steering Committee) to assess the potential benefits and draw-backs of genome editing (off-targets, mosaicisms, etc.), and to design risk matrices and scenarios for a responsible use of this promising technology. In addition, this European steering committee will contribute in promoting an open debate on societal aspects prior to a translation into national and international legislation.

International audience ; In this consensus paper resulting from a meeting that involved representatives from more than 20 European partners, we recommend the foundation of an expert group (European Steering Committee) to assess the potential benefits and draw-backs of genome editing (off-targets, mosaicisms, etc.), and to design risk matrices and scenarios for a responsible use of this promising technology. In addition, this European steering committee will contribute in promoting an open debate on societal aspects prior to a translation into national and international legislation.

International audience ; In this consensus paper resulting from a meeting that involved representatives from more than 20 European partners, we recommend the foundation of an expert group (European Steering Committee) to assess the potential benefits and draw-backs of genome editing (off-targets, mosaicisms, etc.), and to design risk matrices and scenarios for a responsible use of this promising technology. In addition, this European steering committee will contribute in promoting an open debate on societal aspects prior to a translation into national and international legislation.

In this consensus paper resulting from a meeting that involved representatives from more than 20 European partners, we recommend the foundation of an expert group (European Steering Committee) to assess the potential benefits and draw-backs of genome editing (off-targets, mosaicisms, etc.), and to design risk matrices and scenarios for a responsible use of this promising technology. In addition, this European steering committee will contribute in promoting an open debate on societal aspects prior to a translation into national and international legislation. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

In this consensus paper resulting from a meeting that involved representatives from more than 20 European partners, we recommend the foundation of an expert group (European Steering Committee) to assess the potential benefits and draw-backs of genome editing (off-targets, mosaicisms, etc.), and to design risk matrices and scenarios for a responsible use of this promising technology. In addition, this European steering committee will contribute in promoting an open debate on societal aspects prior to a translation into national and international legislation.

In this consensus paper resulting from a meeting that involved representatives from more than 20 European partners, we recommend the foundation of an expert group (European Steering Committee) to assess the potential benefits and draw-backs of genome editing (off-targets, mosaicisms, etc.), and to design risk matrices and scenarios for a responsible use of this promising technology. In addition, this European steering committee will contribute in promoting an open debate on societal aspects prior to a translation into national and international legislation. ; peer-reviewed

In this consensus paper resulting from a meeting that involved representatives from more than 20 European partners, we recommend the foundation of an expert group (European Steering Committee) to assess the potential benefits and draw-backs of genome editing (off-targets, mosaicisms, etc.), and to design risk matrices and scenarios for a responsible use of this promising technology. In addition, this European steering committee will contribute in promoting an open debate on societal aspects prior to a translation into national and international legislation.