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"This is the first book to define and explore the geopolitical economy of sport - the intersection of power, politics, money and state interests that both exploit and shape elite sport around the world. Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the global response and the consequent ramifications for sport have put the geopolitical economy of sport front and centre in both public debate and academic thinking. Similarly, the Winter Olympics in Beijing and the FIFA World Cup in Qatar illustrate the political, economic and geographic imperatives that shape modern sport. This book brings together case studies from around the world to describe this new geopolitical economy of sport, from the way in which countries use natural resource revenues, accusations of sport washing, the deployment of sport for soft power purposes, to the way in which sport has become a focus for industrial development. From the Gulf States' interests in European soccer to Israel seeking to build a national competitive advantage by positioning itself as a global sports tech start-up hub, and the United States continuing to extend its economic and cultural influence through geopolitical sport activities in Africa, Latin America, and the Indian subcontinent. This book captures a pivotal moment in the history of sport and sport business. This is essential reading for any student, researcher, practitioner or policy maker with an interest in sport business, the politics of sport, geopolitics, soft power, diplomacy, international relations or international political economy"--

Music as a mechanism for social distinction is well established. Yet, perhaps more than any other form of cultural expression, it is music which has been systematically transformed by emerging technologies. From the gramophone, radio, cassette and CD, through to portable devices and shared through social media, music is in constant flux. To separate taste for music from its various acquisitional forms is to undermine its role in society. In this article, our aim is to integrate within taste and cultural consumption analysis a salient dimension, such as technologies to acquire music, conceptualized as modes of musical exchange and formats used to listen to music. We argue that these are components of musical consumption practices which enhance our understanding on how symbolic boundaries are shaped today. Using multiple factor analysis, this study provides a simultaneous analysis of musical tastes and technological engagement in Chile. We find that uses of technologies share a unique relationship to musical taste. Musical taste remains a relevant process of distinction, but modes of exchange prove to be an emerging property. They, however, do not create new symbolic boundaries; rather, they are important in reinforcing those that exist.

Intro -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Brief History of the FIFA World Cup as a Business -- Introduction -- The World Cup in Historical Perspective -- Early History of the World Cup -- Development of the World Cup as a Mega-event -- Product Development: The Women's FIFA World Cup -- Other Versions: U-17, U-20 and Beach Football -- Conclusion: The Nature of the World Cup as a Business -- References -- 3. Bidding and Hosting Decisions -- Introduction -- Bidding Processes for the World Cups -- FIFA World Cup (Men's) -- FIFA World Cup (Women's) -- FIFA World Cup (U20) -- Bidding Processes Reform -- FIFA World Cup (Men's) -- FIFA World Cup (Women's) -- FIFA World Cup (U20) -- What Distinguishes a Successful Bid from not Successful Ones? -- The Future of Bidding and Hosting -- References -- 4. Politics and Geopolitics in Staging the FIFA World Cup: What Is at Stake for the Hosting Nations? -- Introduction -- The Domestic Politics of Hosting the World Cup -- Developing a strong nation -- Fostering a strong regime -- Restructuring the public space -- Leaving long-term legacies -- Case Study: China, the future of football? -- Hosting a World Cup: Take the Risk or Lose the Chance? -- Limited tangible effects -- International spotlight: A poisoned gift for the host country? -- White elephants: The difficulties behind long-term legacies -- Civil society: The main opponent of the World Cup? -- Conclusion -- References -- 5. Diplomacy, International Relations, Soft Power and the FIFA World Cup -- Introduction -- World Cup Bidding: Process and Action -- The Diplomacy of World Cup Hosting -- Conclusion: Bidding and Hosting in Diplomacy -- References -- 6. Competition Design of the FIFA World Cup -- Introduction -- FIFA Men's World Cup Qualifiers -- Africa (CAF) -- Asia (AFC).

This article outlines a partnership between an academic institute and a third sector organisation attached to a professional football club in the United Kingdom. The partnership concerns a sport for development intervention. The purpose of the article is to outline the development of applied monitoring and evaluation and the application of intervention mapping for an intervention to tackle anti-social behaviour through a football-based social inclusion project for children and young people. This case supports the development of third sector-university partnerships and the use of intervention mapping to meet shared objectives in relation to articulating the impact of interventions to funders and for research outputs.

The presence of heterogeneity in treatment effects can create problems for researchers employing a narrow experimental pool in their research. In particular it is often questioned whether the results of a particular experiment can be extrapolated outside the specific location of the study. In this article, we use a population-based field experiment in order to test the extent to which treatment effects for impersonal mobilisation techniques (direct mail and telephone) are sensitive to where they are carried out (geography) and the context of the election in which they were conducted. We find that on the whole it does not much matter where an experiment is conducted: the treatment effects are to all intents and purposes geographically uniform. This has important implications for the external validity of get-out-the-vote field studies more generally, especially where single locations are used. However, there is one important exception to this: experiments carried out in high turnout locations at high salience elections may show larger effects than those carried out in low turnout areas. Adapted from the source document.

The presence of heterogeneity in treatment effects can create problems for researchers employing a narrow experimental pool in their research. In particular it is often questioned whether the results of a particular experiment can be extrapolated outside the specific location of the study. In this article, we use a population-based field experiment in order to test the extent to which treatment effects for impersonal mobilisation techniques (direct mail and telephone) are sensitive to where they are carried out (geography) and the context of the election in which they were conducted. We find that on the whole it does not much matter where an experiment is conducted: the treatment effects are to all intents and purposes geographically uniform. This has important implications for the external validity of get-out-the-vote field studies more generally, especially where single locations are used. However, there is one important exception to this: experiments carried out in high turnout locations at high salience elections may show larger effects than those carried out in low turnout areas. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

The presence of heterogeneity in treatment effects can create problems for researchers employing a narrow experimental pool in their research. In particular it is often questioned whether the results of a particular experiment can be extrapolated outside the specific location of the study. In this article, we use a population-based field experiment in order to test the extent to which treatment effects for impersonal mobilisation techniques (direct mail and telephone) are sensitive to where they are carried out (geography) and the context of the election in which they were conducted. We find that on the whole it does not much matter where an experiment is conducted: the treatment effects are to all intents and purposes geographically uniform. This has important implications for the external validity of get-out-the-vote field studies more generally, especially where single locations are used. However, there is one important exception to this: experiments carried out in high turnout locations at high salience elections may show larger effects than those carried out in low turnout areas.

While face-to-face mobilisation has a demonstrable effect on voter turnout, a series of field experiments show that impersonal methods, such as telephoning and direct mail, are less effective. This paper provides a new test of the effectiveness of telephone and direct mail on voter turnout, which uses a large nationally representative Get-Out-the-Vote two-wave field experiment. We find that impersonal methods are more effective, though the magnitude depends on electoral context. Moreover, these effects accumulate both within and across elections as voters are exposed to multiple contacts. However this is an incremental and cumulative process, not the product of synergy. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

This study seeks to understand participation levels in sport across socio-demographic groups, specifically for the period 2008–14, in the context of austerity measures taken by central government resulting in local authority income and expenditure reductions. Participation levels over time were analysed using data from the Active People Survey (APS), which was the preferred method for measuring participation by Sport England until its replacement in 2015. Budgetary constraints in local authorities have subsequently resulted in an expenditure decrease for non-discretionary services including 'sport development and community recreation'. This area of expenditure forms one component of sport-related services and primarily focuses on raising participation in 'hard-to-reach' groups. The study found that policy goals associated with raising and widening participation were not met to any significant degree between 2008 and 2014 as participation levels have changed little for lower income 'hard-to-reach' groups. It is claimed that this outcome is in part due to austerity measures impacting on local authority expenditure. This study has implications for policymakers and practitioners as it illustrates both the challenges faced in setting and delivering policy aimed at raising participation levels in 'hard-to-reach' groups, particularly in the context of austerity, and the difficulties associated with measuring participation.

This article examines the electoral impact of spillover effects in local campaigns in Britain. For the first time, this is applied to the long as well as the short campaign. Using spatial econometric modelling on constituency data from the 2010 general election, there is clear empirical evidence that, in both campaign periods, the more a party spends on campaigning in constituencies adjacent to constituency i, the more votes it gets in constituency i. Of the three major political parties, the Liberal Democrats obtained the greatest electoral payoff. Future empirical analyses of voting at the constituency scale must, therefore, explicitly take account of spatial heterogeneity in order to correctly gauge the magnitude and significance of factors that affect parties' parliamentary performance. [Copyright Elsevier Ltd.]