Suchergebnisse

Organization and strategies of women's groups opposed to the Pinochet dictatorship, 1973-88. Translated from Spanish.

A close look at the content and context of women's organizations in contemporary Egypt sheds light on the ambiguities and contradictions existent in contemporary Egypt. On the one hand, women's organizations began to flourish since the 1985 UN women's conference in Nairobi, and particularly during the preparations for the International Conference on Population and Development (lCPD) held in Cairo in 1994. During this time there was increasing pressure on the Egyptian government by international organizations and western governments to adhere to UN conventions concerning women's rights. At the same time, a huge number of international donor organizations, NGOs and government bodies provided funds and resources for specific projects and campaigns related to women's issues. However, the increased confrontation with Islamists has pressured the Mubarak regime to legislate and implement more conservative laws and policies towards women and to diminish its support for women's political representation. It is no surprise then that women's organizations have been caught in the midst of contradictory state policies towards women and towards Egypt's growing NGO sector.

The nature & implications of the emergence of women's organizations in Russia are examined, based on archival data from the St. Petersburg Centre for Gender Issues & 1994 participant observation. Women's organizations have been slow to emerge in Russia & are still in the developing stages. The 29 official organizations currently existing in St. Petersburg are classified as (1) organizations for rights protection & the provision of social support, (2) educational organizations, & (3) business organizations. Although these are still small & unorganized, it is argued that their efforts can play a significant role in social progress in the absence of social welfare & other services provided by the state undersocialist rule. These organizations also allow women to better understand themselves, address their own concerns, & pursue solutions to their own problems. State efforts to reduce unemployment through the removal of women from high-paid jobs will influence the future of these organizations both adversely & positively. Although women's organizations are currently concerned with issues of caring traditionally associated with wives & mothers, it is concluded that these organizations will address broader issues of social equality as they mature & expand. T. Sevier

The aim of this research is to analyze statistics to understand the effect of political parties on women organizations and the obstacles they create for these organizations as they work for gaining their members' rights. In the research, the quantitative method was used for collecting data, using a questioner. The research participants were chosen through snowball sampling in Erbil Governorate. The size of the sampling was 195 persons that their level of education was different. For analyzing the collected data SPSS software was used. The findings show that politics to a very low extent were obstacles for women's organization and thus these organizations were unable to effectively operate in obtaining their members' rights. The results also show that women themselves were unable to play an effective role for gaining their rights. In addition, the findings show that not having their own sources of finance makes women's organizations depend on political parties. Key words: Women's Organizations, Political Parties, Radical Feminist, Liberal Feminist.