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Street demonstrations have received the lion's share of scholarly attention to collective action. This article starts by returning to this research in order to raise some methodological questions about how to collect data on demonstrations and on the validity of the subsequent results. Next, based on my own research on demonstrations, I suggest some questions that deserve to be analyzed. In particular, I argue that we should work more on the psychological effects of participation in demonstrations. One potential line of investigation would be to more systematically explore the socializing effects of political events. Indeed, vivid political events should be important catalysts because they can have significant effects. Events may have an impact at any age but socializing effects will differ based on one's position in the life cycle, from conversion for younger participants to substantiation for older participants. I hypothesize, in line with Mannheim's (1952) "impressionable years" model of socialization research, that people especially recall events as important if they happened in their adolescence or early adulthood.

Street demonstrations have received the lion's share of scholarly attention to collective action. This article starts by returning to this research in order to raise some methodological questions about how to collect data on demonstrations and on the validity of the subsequent results. Next, based on my own research on demonstrations, I suggest some questions that deserve to be analyzed. In particular, I argue that we should work more on the psychological effects of participation in demonstrations. One potential line of investigation would be to more systematically explore the socializing effects of political events. Indeed, vivid political events should be important catalysts because they can have significant effects. Events may have an impact at any age but socializing effects will differ based on one's position in the life cycle, from conversion for younger participants to substantiation for older participants. I hypothesize, in line with Mannheim's (1952) "impressionable years" model of socialization research, that people especially recall events as important if they happened in their adolescence or early adulthood. Adapted from the source document.

The nature and meaning of replication is crucial not only for those undertaking studies of efforts at replication, but also for those conducting, using and evaluating demonstration projects, since their rationale lies in lessons learned for use elsewhere. The issue of replication is discussed using as a case study the highly influential British Burglary Prevention Project in Kirkholt, Rochdale and efforts to emulate it. Three ways of construing replication are presented: 'strict', 'relativist' and 'scientific realist'. Serious weaknesses are identified in the first two, and the third is advocated. Major lessons for practitioners and evaluators are drawn, in order that most benefit can be obtained for practice and policy from demonstration projects and their successors.

Protestdemonstrationen und Streiks haben als Ausdrucksformen politischer Opposition und als Artikulation sozialer Interessen seit Ende der achtziger Jahre Tradition in Weißrußland. Anlässe für die Massendemonstrationen vom März, April und Mai dieses Jahres waren die Ankündigung eines Vertragsabschlusses zwischen Rußland und Weißrußland über die Integration Weißrußlands in die Russische Föderation, der zehnte Jahrestag der Kernkraftwerkkatastrophe von Tschernobyl sowie die Politik von Präsident Lukashenka im allgemeinen. Die harte Reaktion der Staatsgewalt auf diese Proteste sorgte für negative Reaktionen bei den Nachbarstaaten ebenso wie auf internationaler Ebene. Die Serie der Massendemonstrationen der vergangenen Monate zieht die Popularität Lukashenkas, dessen Politik 1995 in einem Referendum eindrucksvoll bestätigt worden war, zunehmend in Zweifel. (BIOst-Wpt)