Suchergebnisse

When officials from different countries disagree about trade policy, some say 'see you in Geneva!' meaning 'see you in court!' In offering a pluralist alternative to this centralism of analysts and practitioners, I represent the World Trade Organization (WTO) not as a coercive court used for enforcement but as a site for the elaboration of a system of 'law' that arises from and provides a framework for self-directed human interaction. Trade law is shaped in the shadow of bargaining. I contrast this legal representation with 'legalization' to show the contribution it makes to constructivist international theory. An empirical probe in the contentious domain of the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) asks about the relative importance of the few formal SPS 'disputes' compared with other ways that WTO law affects global food safety. A discussion of how the trading system responded to 'mad cow disease' (BSE) provides empirical confirmation of pluralist insights. Far from being only in Geneva, trade law is everywhere.

Third-party pressure for peace is any threat issued or any penalty applied toward one or both sides of the warring dyad with an intention to halt hostilities. Some studies find that pressure shortens peace, while others conclude that it has no effect. This paper advances our understanding of how outside pressure affects peace by differentiating the levels of costs associated with various instances of pressure. I argue that outside pressure to halt hostilities leaves at least one belligerent in the dyad unhappy with the political settlement, because reputational or other costs force belligerents to accept settlements that do not fully reflect a potential military outcome. Disagreeing with political settlement provides incentives to revise it. More crippling types of pressure raise the cost of another war, making formal renegotiation off the battlefield more attractive even in the presence of bargaining failures. Cheaper methods of pressure do not. I test this intuition, using original data on all cases of outside pressure for peace in a sample of ceasefires initiated in 1914–2001. The results show that diplomatic pressure is associated with ceasefire breakdown, while economic pressure has no effect in the long run (most instances of economic pressure coincide with diplomatic sanctions), and military pressure is associated with longer peace. To circumvent the empirical challenge of outside actors selecting themselves into certain types of wars, I also match ceasefires, so that the most similar cases with and without pressure are compared; all results hold.

In January 2019, about two weeks before India's Republic Day, Israel's National Security Advisor, Meir Ben-Shabbat, flew to New Delhi and met Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi. While such consultations have been routine for the past two decades, the Israeli official chose the direct Air India flight from Tel Aviv - a new flight connection that could only be established due to an unprecedented permit for Israel-bound flights to fly over Saudi airspace. The small incident highlights the distance that India and Israel have traveled since the normalization of diplomatic relations in 1992. Today, the two states share an ever-growing cooperation, especially in the areas of security and eco­nomic development. This rapprochement with Israel is embedded in India's broader Middle East strategy, in which especially the Gulf Arab states are important partners. Thus, India-Israel relations have also been catalyzed by the improvement in ties be­tween Israel and the Gulf States as well as the diminishing role played by the Palestin­ian issue. This, in turn, has led India, especially under Modi, not only to strengthen its ties with Israel, but also to de-hyphenate those ties from the Israeli-Palestinian con­flict, leading to a marginalization of the Palestinian question in Indian foreign policy. (Autorenreferat)

Translated from the Russian from Internationales Leben, no. 8, 1974.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: Global Crisis and Political Economy / Teeple, Gary / McBride, Stephen -- 1. Financialization and Neoliberalism / Kotz, David M. -- 2. The New Constitutionalism: International and Private Rule in the New Global Order / McBride, Stephen -- 3. The Privatization of Authority in the Global Political Economy / Cutler, A. Claire -- 4. Corporate Accountability: Is Self-Regulation the Answer? / Singh, Kavaljit -- 5. Globalization and the Labour Process / Russell, Bob -- 6. Regulating Labour Standards in the Global Economy: Emerging Approaches to Global Governance / Thomas, Mark -- 7. Global Health: A Political Economy of Historical Trends and Contemporary Inequalities / Coburn, David -- 8. Castles in the Air: "Universal" Human Rights in the Global Political Economy / Evans, Tony -- 9. Military Power, Hegemonic Power: A Neglected Issue of International Political Economy / Cypher, James M. -- 10. Resisting Neoliberal Capitalism: Insights from Marxist Political Economy / Coburn, Elaine -- 11. Notes on the Continuing Economic Crisis / Teeple, Gary -- Notes on Contributors -- Index

El propósito de este artículo es analizar el papel y cobertura desempeñada por la prensa internacional tras la muerte de Franco y la posterior Transición a la democracia en España (19751978). El periodo sobre el que versa esta investigación comprende la muerte de Franco, el 20 de noviembre de 1975, hasta la ratificación por referéndum del Constitución democrática, el 6 de diciembre de 1978. Los resultados del análisis permiten observar que, a pesar del temor del estallido de una nueva Guerra Civil o la resistencia al cambio de los grupos más conservadores, los once diarios estudiados apoyaron de forma crítica pero incondicional el proceso democrático. ; The aim of this article is to analyze the role and coverage of the foreign press surrounding the death of Franco and Spain's consequent transition to democracy (1975­1978), at one of the most crucial moments of political change in Southern Europe within the ongoing context of the Cold War. The period under consideration runs from the death of Franco on the 20th of November 1975 to the ratification by referendum of the democratic Constitution on December 6th, 1978. Faced by the threat of a new civil war due to the resistance to change by those who, after winning the war in 1939, paved the way to the Francoist dictatorship, the international press, while still critical unconditionally supported the democratic process, according to the study of the broad coverage carried out by eleven main newspapers in France, Italy, United Kingdom and the United States of America. ; Los resultados de esta investigación derivan del proyecto de investigación "Noticias internacionales de España: La Transición (197578) El tratamiento informativo y la percepción exterior de la política española en la prensa internacional" (CSO200909655), financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España

Volume 28 of the Advances in international management focuses on the opportunities and challenges for multinational enterprises that consider emerging economies as their destinations or their homes. Chapters in this volume examine the rise of home-grown multinational enterprises in emerging economies and the challenges they face when they enter developed markets. They also analyze the co-evolution of and the dynamic interaction between market institutions and business organizations in emerging economies. The volume provides a forum for thought-provoking ideas, empirical research, and discussions, and is ideal for researchers and doctoral students whose work touches emerging markets.

Since they were pioneered in the 1970s by Robert Keohane and others, the broad range of neoliberal institutionalist theories of international relations have grown in importance. In an increasingly globalized world, the realist and neorealist focus on states, military power, conflict, and anarchy has more and more given way to a recognition of the importance of nonstate actors, nonmilitary forms of power, interdependence, international institutions, and cooperation. Drawing together a group of leading international relations theorists, this book explores the frontiers of new research on the.

"This book focuses on China's increasing involvement in global governance as a result of the phenomenal rise in its global power. It provides a comprehensive assessment of China's increasing influence over how world affairs are being managed, how other major powers are reacting to the increasing Chinese clout in global governance, and what the consequences and implications are for the evolving global system and world order as well as for China itself."--Publisher's description

An inadvertent worldwide alliance against encryption is emerging, as Western democracies join authoritarian regimes in weakening communication encryption and exploiting spyware. This accelerating global trend undermines efforts to enhance cyber-security. Germany should oppose such developments and intensify its efforts to champion encryption. This will also mean finding alternative instruments to keep terrorism suspects under surveillance without degrading the software security of the entire population. (author's abstract)