Suchergebnisse

El territorio de la vega media del Segura en la Región de Murcia está históricamente articulado con cadenas globales de productos primarios (esparto) y agroalimentarios (frutas). Estas articulaciones históricas han operado a través de coaliciones de fuerzas sociales cambiantes en función del producto y en función del ciclo histórico. Concretamente, la producción agroalimentaria ha experimentado dos momentos que se presentan discontinuamente en el tiempo: el primer ciclo exportador hortofrutícola se inicia a comienzos del siglo XX y se cierra en los años 50 y tiene como protagonista a la industria conservera; y el segundo ciclo exportador hortofrutícola arranca a partir de los años 60, se consolida a finales de los 80 y principios de los 90, y perdura hasta la actualidad, protagonizando este segundo momento la producción de fruta para mercado en fresco. En este complejo escenario el trabajador asalariado ha tenido una enorme centralidad, aunque se ha presentado profundamente segmentado en una variedad de figuras productivas –el jornalero agrícola, el recolector de esparto, las mujeres de los almacenes de manipulado o de las conserveras, el trabajador de las fábricas de esparto, etc.– y en las cuales las líneas de diferenciación por clase, género, etnia e inclusive edad han tenido un enorme papel. El artículo pretende mostrar las dimensiones políticas del proceso histórico de construcción de este espacio productivo desde la perspectiva de una sociohistoria de las relaciones de trabajo en conexión con las formas cambiantes de articulación del territorio con las cadenas globales de mercancías. Para ello, este artículo se apoyará en las aportaciones de los estudios sobre las cadenas globales de mercancías y redes globales de producción, así como de los estudios regionales. ; The territory of the Vega Media del Segura in Murcia is historically articulated to global commodity chains (Esparto) and agri-food (fruits). These historical articulations have operated through changing coalitions of social forces depending on the product and depending on the historical cycle. Specifically, food production has experienced two moments that occur discontinuously in time: the first fruit and vegetable export cycle begun in the early twentieth century and closed in the 50s; fruit and vegetable exporter. The second exportation cycle started from the 60s, consolidated in the late 80s and early 90s and lasts until today. In this complex scenario wage work has had an enormous centrality, although there has been deeply segmented into a variety of production figuresagricultural laborer, the collector Esparto, women stores manipulated or canneries, worker esparto factories, etc. and in which the lines of differentiation by class, gender, ethnicity and even age have had a huge role. The article shows the political dimensions of the historical process of the construction of this productive space from the perspective of a socio-history of labor relations in connection with the changing forms of articulation of territory with global commodity chains. To do this article will build on the contributions of studies on global commodity chains and global production networks and regional studies. ; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

Através de uma análise das atividades desenvolvidas pelos terapeutas da zooterapia, apresentado pela experiência de um trabalho de observação de longa duração, este artigo se propõe a colocar em questão a associação do homem e do animal, em um corpus de conhecimentos vindo de uma "etologia" empírica e de um corpus elaborado e estruturado de saberes antropológicos. A zooterapia enquanto mediação animal é uma técnica de cuidado para além de uma constatação trivial interespecífica ou de uma projeção antropomórfica sobre os animais de categorias universalmente reconhecidas como humanas. Ela permite nos interrogarmos sobre o recurso à participação animal e seu estatuto de sujeito dotado de capacidades agentivas, ao lado de um terapeuta humano e face à uma pessoa doente. Por ocasião de três estudos de caso contextualmente situados nas cidades de Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, destacamos a questão mais geral da interação entre os dados empíricos que a zooterapia acumula e as representações sociais que são implicitamente mobilizadas para situar o animal dentro de uma cadeia operativa. De modo geral a problemática de interesse deste artigo trata das práticas e horizontes relacionais que atravessam vários grupos sociais e indivíduos contemporâneos que apostam na direção de uma relação interespecífica. Essa problemática é também empírica e epistemológica, pois demarca uma remodelação das diferenças entre natureza e cultura, baseada em uma conjunção de fenômenos invocados a caracterizar os sujeitos (conduta, ações, afetos, comportamento).Palavras-chave: Antropologia da natureza. Agentividade dos animais. Zooterapia. Modalidades de ações.The interspecific relations for human care in the conventional health system: an anthropological analysis of the dynamics of zootherapyAbstractThrough an analysis of the activities developed by zootherapy therapists, presented by the experience of a long-term work of observation, this article proposes to put in question the association of man and animal, in a corpus of knowledge coming from an empirical "ethology" and an elaborate and structured anthropological knowledge corpus. The zootherapy as an animal care mediation is a technique other than an interspecific trivial finding, or an anthropomorphic projection on animals of universally recognized as human categories. It allows us to interrogate about the use of animals and their status as subjects endowed with agentive capacities, alongside a human therapist and in face of a sick person. Based on three case studies contextually located in the cities of Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, we highlight the more general question of the interaction between the empirical data that zootherapy accumulates and social representations that are implicitly mobilized to locate the animal inside of an operative chain. More comprehensively the issue of interest in this paper deals with the practical and relational horizons that cut across social groups and contemporary individuals who bet on the direction of an interspecies relationship. This problem is also empirical and epistemological because it marks a remodel of the differences between nature and culture, based on a combination of phenomena invoked to characterize the subjects (behavior, actions, feelings).Keywords: Anthropology of nature. Animal agency. Zootherapy. Modalities of actions.

This paper reports and reflects on studies about the problems encountered in the implementation of education policies in several contexts in developed and developing countries. In these studies special attention is paid to the problems of the youth at risk between education and the labour market. In developing countries policies are in general framed by international policy initiatives such as those formulated in the Education for All Millennium Goals. However, in many cases there is an overproduction of such policies and extreme underperformance in the implementation. Obstacles are, for instance, problems concerning policy standards and their implementation; discontinuities between the national, provincial and district levels; lack of funding and at the same time corruption; lack of contextualisation; and, most prominently, lack of participation at grassroots level. In the case of the youth in sub-Saharan Africa, despite more access to education, poor implementation leads to problems such as high drop-out rates, low quality of education and too little attention paid to skills development. The existing dysfunctionality of the education system and the growing skills gap between what the youth can offer and what the labour market requires (especially in countries such as Uganda with a fast population growth) lead to a growing divide between the learning rich (minority) and the learning poor (majority). People are experiencing an alarming decrease in social cohesion. In many European countries the legitimacy of the welfare state is increasingly coming under pressure due to the recent economic crisis. The willingness to provide the tools for achieving an inclusive society is no longer self-evident. Here as well, the question is which policies respond to the demands of the labour market and at the same time avoid marginalisation of the unemployed, disabled, ethnic minorities and disadvantaged people – in other words, how to achieve, in this period of economic crisis, the goal of continuously creating equal opportunities and equal access to services for all citizens. In the past the educational policy strategies of many governments privileged technocratic efficiency over grassroots participation in decision making, such that the existing power patterns were reinforced. To break with this technocratic hindrance, bot-top-down approaches seem to be needed in policy development to improve the quality of implementation. This means that while honouring the central role the government or departments of education (the top) should play in policy development and implementation, policies must be founded on solid needs analysis (bottom) so that it is possible to address problems on the ground (down). This supports the relevance of participatory approaches, which help by identifying a range of complex economic and social issues at grassroots level, by empowering communities to identify problems, through the development of plans for comprehensive and long-term solutions and, finally, by taking action. Important partners could be universities, policy makers, practitioners, companies and civil society. These types of (public-private) partnerships could be further developed into learning partnerships to facilitate working on bot-top-down strategies and capacity building of practitioners in the educational field. To have policies that are grounded in relevant issues and to develop strategies that are intended to address those issues is one step in the right direction towards effective implementation.

Los datos reflejados en este póster proceden de las estadísticas del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD) elaboradas a partir de las cifras facilitadas por las Comunidades Autónomas. A partir de ellos, se realiza un análisis de la prevalencia de las altas capacidades en la población escolar no universitaria atendiendo a distintas variables: a) número de alumnos detectados con alta capacidad en relación a la población escolarizada en enseñanzas no universitarias; b) alta capacidad y tipo de enseñanza, c) alta capacidad y género y d) alta capacidad y titularidad del centro. Para ello se toma como base el curso académico 2013/2014, último curso del que se disponen de datos en la página web del Ministerio. Estos alumnos "existen" en nuestras aulas, aunque en cifras de diagnóstico bastante lejanas a la verdadera realidad, y la generalización de los procesos de detección resulta clave para favorecer su desarrollo integral. De esta forma, la identificación deberá abarcar cualquier etapa educativa, llegar por igual tanto a hombres como a mujeres e incluir tanto centros educativos de titularidad pública como privada o concertada. Dar una respuesta educativa a los más capaces es una finalidad básica de las sociedades democráticas avanzadas que buscan la consecución de la equidad y la calidad en la educación de forma permanente. El diagnóstico de los más capaces, sean cuales sean sus características personales y contextuales, podrá dar un impulso significativo a la excelencia en educación y muy posiblemente permitirá el avance del conocimiento científico y el progreso social. ; The data reflected in this poster come from the statistics of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (MECD) elaborated starting from the numbers facilitated by the Autonomous Communities. Starting from them, it is carried out an analysis of the prevalence of the high capacities in the population school non university student assisting to different variables: to) students' number detected with high capacity in relation to the population educated in teachings non university students; b) high capacity and teaching type, c) high capacity and gender and d) high capacity and ownership of the center. For it takes it like base the academic course 2013/2014, last course of which they have data in the page web of the Ministry. These students exist in our classrooms, although in quite distant diagnosis figures to the true reality, and the generalization of the detection processes is key to favor its integral development. This way, the identification will embrace any educational stage, to arrive equally so much to men as to women and to include as much educational centers of public ownership as private or concerted. To give an educational answer to the most capable is a basic purpose of the advanced democratic societies that they look for the attainment of the justness and the quality in the education in a permanent way. The diagnosis of the most capable, be which are their personal and contextual characteristics, he will be able to give a significant impulse to the excellence in education and it will very possibly allow the advance of the scientific knowledge and the social progress.

Este trabajo aborda la discusión sobre la identidad indígena en los contextos urbanos, en particular, el caso de jóvenes del pueblo nasa en Santander de Quilichao, departamento del Cauca. A través de la construcción de historias de vida, exploro las tensiones que viven los jóvenes frente a las autoridades y organizaciones indígenas con relación a la definición de la identidad étnica. El reclamo histórico indígena de la tierra, las identidades sexuales, el uso y la valoración de algunos atributos físicos para asignar el reconocimiento de la identidad en la organización política indígena, constituyen los principales escenarios de tensión y disputa entre los jóvenes y las estructuras político- organizativas del pueblo nasa en el norte del Cauca. Los jóvenes articulan en sus identidades las trayectorias históricas de sus familias provenientes de resguardos nasas, las redes de sus amigos que se han asentado en la ciudad, las identidades sexuales, un proyecto de vida centrado en la educación, las condiciones de desempleo o empleo informal juvenil, la práctica de danzas y la elaboración de tejidos que, hacen parte de circuitos más amplios de mercado y de una tendencia de homogeneización de la identificación indígena. De este modo, los jóvenes en medio del proceso de identidad y representación, acogen de manera fragmentada atributos de carácter histórico del pueblo nasa y los reeditan en sus propios términos, de acuerdo a las condiciones del entorno urbano, generando una serie de tensiones y, al mismo tiempo, presionando una ampliación y renegociación de la definición de la identidad indígena. Las tensiones están marcadas por las desigualdades y las relaciones de poder que atraviesan la identidad indígena. ; Abstract This study focuses on the discussion of indigenous identity in urban contexts, particularly for young people of the Nasa Community in Santander de Quilichao (Cauca). Through the study of their own life stories, I explore the social tensions experienced by young people, regarding the definition of their ethnic identity against authorities and indigenous organizations. The historical indigenous land claim, the sexual identity definition and the consideration of some physical attributes to recognize the indigenous identity in the political indigenous organization, are the main stress and conflict scenarios between young people and the political-organizational structures of the nasa community in northern Cauca. Young people articulate in their identities, the historical trajectories of their families, their local networks of friends, their sexual identity, a life project focused on education, the unemployment or informal employment conditions for young people, the traditional dance practice and the production of textiles with indigenous techniques; all of these factors are also part of a large market circuit and of a tendency to homogenize indigenous identity. Thus, the young people in the middle of the process of identity consolidation and representation takes some fragmented historical attributes of the nasa people and reprint them on its own terms, in accordance with urban conditions. They create a series of social tensions while press to expand and renegotiate the definition of indigenous identity. These tensions are marked by inequalities and power relationships which shape the indigenous identity. ; Maestría

La represión franquista ejercida en España tras el golpe de estado del 17 de julio de 1936 provocó la muerte de 13.205 personas en Extremadura. Víctimas de las que al menos 9.293 fueron ejecutadas de forma irregular, sin que pasaran por ningún procedimiento judicial. Detenidos ilegalmente por motivos políticos, cuyo rastro se pierde en el proceso represivo, eliminados mediante la aplicación directa de los bandos de guerra entre julio de 1936 y 1948. Los cuerpos de estas personas fueron enterrados en fosas comunes, arrojados a cauces de ríos o sepultados en minas. Depósitos de cadáveres que han sido investigados con el objetivo de analizar el acto represivo que representan y las estrategias a las que responden los hechos. Para ello se han investigado diez casos que comprenden la amplia horquilla cronológica del bando de guerra. Los métodos utilizados provienen de la arqueología y antropología forense y han permitido inferir el evento represivo que conforman las fosas comunes, definir el procedimiento perimortem y postmortem utilizado sobre las víctimas, la causa de muerte, identificar los cuerpos y determinar el papel que desempeñó la violencia dentro del contexto sociopolítico y cronológico al que pertenecen las ejecuciones. Las estrategias de eliminación representan el primer eslabón de la cadena del aparato represivo franquista, mostrado su complejidad y organización. La diversidad de tácticas inferidas indican el papel que desempeñó la violencia como forma de eliminación del enemigo y herramienta de control social. Estrategias en las que se ha contrastado la intencionalidad y sistematicidad en las formas de represión. ; The Francoist repressive strategy used after the coup d'état of July 17th, 1936 caused the death of 13.205 people in Extremadura. Of these victims, at least 9,293 were executed irregularly, without any judicial procedure. Detained illegally for political reasons, their tracks were lost in the repressive process and eliminated directly through War Declaration Decrees (bandos de guerra) between July 1936 and 1948. The bodies of these individuals were buried in mass graves, thrown into riverbeds or buried in mines. These deposits in which corpses were buried have been investigated with the aim of analyzing the repressive act that they represent and the strategies that the facts address. To do this, we investigated ten cases that expand over the wide chronological span of War Declaration Decrees. The methods used for the analysis are based on those of archaeological and forensic anthropology disciplines. These allowed us to infer the repressive events that the mass graves represent, to define the perimortem and postmortem actions used on victims, the cause of death, and to identify the bodies and determine the role played by violence in the socio-political and chronological context to which the executions belong. Strategies of elimination represent the first step in the Francoist repressive processes, showing its complexity and organization. The diversity of tactics inferred indicates the role of violence as a way to eliminate the enemy and a tool of social control. Through these strategies, we have verified the intentionality and systematic character of these forms of repression.

Germany's poultry sector plays an important role in the EU, while Thailand is one of the main broiler exporters on the global market. The intensive production systems used in the vertically integrated poultry industry have increased its competitiveness on the world market. However, concerns are increasingly being raised over the industry's environmental impact, food safety and animal welfare in such highly concentrated and integrated production systems. It is therefore necessary to improve the production systems with a view to sustainability. Thailand and Germany's poultry industries face different agro-ecological and socio-economic circumstances, as well as a variety of regional and national policies on sustainability in poultry production. As a result, this comparative study of Germany and Thailand can contribute to broadening the view on sustainability. This study aims to present recommendations on improving the sustainability of poultry production in the two countries. The two-round Delphi method was used to identify and rank the major sustainability concerns in poultry production by eliciting the opinions of participating experts through successive rounds of questionnaires. A combination of secondary data analysis and in-depth e-mail interviews was employed to analyse the roles of NGOs, animal welfare groups and leading integrated poultry companies in the sustainability of poultry production in order to assess why some sustainability issues are considered highly concerning. Results showed that social, animal welfare and economic issues dominate the current debate on sustainable poultry production. The use of antibiotics in poultry production, the killing of male layer chicks and the role of food retailers are considered highly concerning by the German experts, whilst the Thai experts considered the outbreak of avian influenza and other highly infectious diseases, disease control in neighbouring countries, the use of antibiotics in poultry production, the contamination of meat and eggs with zoonotic microorganisms, and standards for poultry products set by import partners as the most concerning issues. The German poultry companies mainly employed reactive strategies to improve sustainability in response to pressure exerted by NGOs and animal welfare groups. In Thailand, the poultry companies proactively adopted strategies to improve their production systems due to a lack of active NGOs and animal welfare groups within this sector. However, a number of limitations exist in regard to addressing concerning issues in the two countries, such as the use of antibiotics and outbreak of avian influenza due to the trade-offs between economic efficiency and consumer preference, the current availability of technology and innovation, the role of social media, and the level of direct communications between producers and consumers. This study makes a number of recommendations for improving the sustainability of poultry production, including to restrict the use of antibiotics in poultry production; to improve consumer perceptions on the poultry industry; to improve prevention strategies against avian influenza; to support the compartmentalisation of poultry production during avian influenza or Newcastle disease outbreaks; to support the geographic dispersion of genetic stock; to increase international collaboration on the prevention and control of contagious diseases in border areas; to improve existing technologies and practices by developing new technology and innovation; and to promote research on animal feed supply.

The objective underlying the three chapters of this thesis is the understanding of the functioning of the labor market to make a diagnosis about the potential regulatory role of a public authority in this market. ln the first chapter, I analyze, from a purely "positive" point of view, the ability of the model with search and matching frictions to reproduce short-term fluctuations of labor market variables in the United States. I propose a new calibration strategy, within a general equilibrium framework with sticky prices. In the second chapter (co-written with F. Langot), we study the determinants of changes in the labor supply over the last fifty years. Changes in the tax wedge, and two variables reflecting the institutional framework (the generosity of income in case of "non-employment" and workers' bargaining power), can explain the different trajectories of the rate employment and hours worked observed in the United States and three European economies (France, Germany and the United Kingdom). ln the third chapter, I analyze the performance of two alternative systems of social security, within the framework of a model with heterogeneous agents in terms of wealth. The agents are subject to a risk of unemployment, and the planner can provide insurance through a redistibutive tax system, based on a progressive tax and / or unemployment insurance. The progressive tax system is superior in terms of aggregate welfare to the insurance provided through unemployment benefits, through its effect on the functioning of the labor market. ; L'objectif sous-jacent aux trois chapitres qui composent cette thèse est la compréhension du fonctionnement du marché du travail, afin d'établir un diagnostic quant au rôle de régulation potentiel d'une autorité publique dans ce marché. Dans le premier chapitre, j'analyse, d'un point de vue purement "positif", la capacité du modèle avec frictions d'appariement à répliquer les fluctuations de court terme de variables du marché du travail aux États-Unis. Je propose une nouvelle stratégie de calibration, dans le cadre d'analyse est celui d'un modèle de fluctuations avec rigidité de prix. Dans le deuxième chapitre (co-écrit avec F. Langot), nous étudions les déterminants des évolutions de l'offre de travail sur les cinquante dernières années. L'évolution du coin fiscal, ainsi que de deux variables reflétant le cadre institutionnel (la générosité du revenu en cas de "non-emploi" et le pouvoir de négociation des travailleurs), permettent d'expliquer les différentes trajectoires du taux d'emploi et des heures travaillées observées aux États-Unis et dans trois économies européennes (France, Allemagne et Royaume-Uni). Dans le troisième chapitre, j'analyse la performance de deux systèmes alternatifs de sécurité sociale, dans le cadre d'un modèle avec agents hétérogènes en termes de richesse. Les agents sont soumis à un risque de chômage, et le planificateur peut fournir de l'assurance à travers un système fiscal redistributif, basé sur une taxe progressive et/ou l'assurance chômage. Le système fiscal progressif est supérieur, en termes de bien-être agrégé, à l'assurance fournie à travers des allocations chômage, à travers son effet sur le fonctionnement du marché du travail.

Food has been one of the most debated and contested discourses in recent global environmental governance without this fact being reflected, however, in management and organizational studies (MOS). In this paper, we analyze the different positions taken in relation to the transnational agri-food system by the state sector, the private sector and civil society actors and we map key differences and similarities in the discourses of these groups at the influential 2012 Rio+20 Conference. Using neo-Gramscian discourse theory, we uncover the different politico-economic interests that exist and show how these different actors deal with the agri-food system. We demonstrate that international NGOs and grassroots social movements are very diverse in how they approach the question of food security, which in turn is reflected in how they vary in their approach to doing politics. This analysis contributes to our understanding of how hegemony is organized, highlighting the important role of different civil society actors in either maintaining or resisting hegemonic approaches to the transnational agri-food system. ; Los alimentos han sido uno de los discursos más debatidos y controvertidos en la gobernanza ambiental global reciente sin que este hecho se vea reflejado, sin embargo, en estudios de gestión y organización (MOS). En el presente artículo, analizamos las diferentes posiciones tomadas con relación al sistema agroalimentario transnacional por el sector estatal, el sector privado y actores de la sociedad civil, y mapeamos las principales diferencias y semejanzas de los discursos de estos grupos en la influyente Conferencia Rio+20 2012. Utilizando la teoría del discurso neogramsciano, desvelamos los diferentes intereses político-económicos que existen y mostramos cómo estos diferentes actores tratan con el sistema agroalimentario. Demostramos que las ONG y movimientos sociales populares internacionales son muy diversos en cómo abordan la cuestión de la seguridad alimentaria, que por su parte se refleja en cómo varían en su abordaje de hacer política. Este análisis contribuye a nuestro entendimiento de cómo se organiza la hegemonía, resaltando el papel importante de diferentes actores de la sociedad civil en mantener o resistir a los abordajes hegemónicos al sistema agroalimentario transnacional. ; A alimentação tem sido um dos discursos mais debatidos e contestados na governança ambiental global, sem que haja, contudo, uma reflexão nos campos da Gestão e Estudos Organizacionais. Neste artigo, analisamos as diferentes posições assumidas no sistema agroalimentar transnacional por atores estatais, privados e da sociedade civil. Mapeamos as principais diferenças e semelhanças nos discursos desses grupos na influente Rio+20, em 2012. Com base na teoria de discurso neogramsciana, desvelamos os diferentes interesses político-econômicos e posicionamentos no sistema agroalimentar. Demonstramos que as ONGs internacionais e os movimentos sociais de base possuem abordagens muito divergentes sobre a segurança alimentar, o que se refletido nas suas diferentes formas de atuação política. Assim, o artigo contribui para a nossa compreensão de como a hegemonia é organizada, destacando o importante papel dos diferentes atores da sociedade civil na manutenção ou na resistência de abordagens hegemônicas ao sistema agroalimentar transnacional.

Pitanja vezana uz pristup kulturi ušla su u fokus kulturnih politika s ciljem da doprinesu kulturnom razvoju, kvaliteti života građana, društvenoj uključenosti, i sl., pri čemu su razmatrane i mogućnosti koje digitalni prostor pruža kulturnom sektoru za omogućavanje pristupa kulturnom sadržaju. Pitanja pristupa kulturi u digitalnom kontekstu podrazumijevaju aspekte vezane uz uklanjanje prepreka pristupu kulturnim resursima kao i poticanje i promicanje mogućnosti građana za participaciju u kulturi. Koncept se defi nira kao dinamičan društveni proces, a ne kao jednostavno infrastrukturno omogućavanje pristupa. Pristup kulturnim resursima u digitalnom kontekstu suočava nas sa novim mogućnostima i preprekama na koje kulturne politike moraju adekvatno odgovoriti kako bi potakle razvoj digitalne kulture. U članku su analizirani pristupi eksplicitnih i implicitnih kulturnih politika u reguliranju digitalne kulture koji predstavljaju relevantan okvir koji omogućuje da kulturni sadrž aji stignu do korisnika. Opisani su izazovi koje digitalni kontekst predstavlja za pitanja pristupa kulturnom sadržaju te su analizirani aspekti kulturnih politika koji razmatraju a) prava korisnika na korištenje kulturnog sadržaja te b) postojeću regulativu koja se odnosi na intelektualno vlasništvo i pravo na ponovno korištenje sadržaja jer takva regulativa omogućuje ili ograničava digitalne usluge koje kulturni sektor može pružiti građanima. U drugom dijelu članka predstavljeni su rezultati istraživanja projekta 'Pristupi kulturi – Analiza javnih politika' te su analizirani pristupi kulturnim politikama u reguliranju digitalnog pristupa kulturi u šest odabranih zemalja (Austrija, Hrvatska, Norveška, Španjolska, Švedska i Turska). Istraživanje je provedeno s ciljem da se omogući dublji uvid u pitanja vezana za digitalni pristup kulturi kako bi kulturne politike mogle adekvatno odgovoriti na izazove koji proizlaze iz digitalnog konteksta. ; Access issues have been placed in cultural policy focus with the aim to contribute to cultural development, social inclusion, quality of life, etc. and the digital domain opportunities have been looked at as a way to ensure delivering content to interested users. The issue of access to culture in the digital context is understood in terms of reducing obstacles, as well as, fostering opportunities. The concept is understood as the dynamic and social process and not a simple oneoff act of provision. This article outlines the challenges brought about for access to culture in the digital era and addresses policy frameworks concerning: a) the role of users and their participation opportunities and b) regulatory issues such as intellectual property rights (IPR) and re-use policies that enable or limit what kind of services cultural sector can offer in the digital domain. The article analyses both explicit and implicit policy approaches to regulating digital culture, as both remain relevant in ensuring that cultural content reaches its intended users. This provides the background for the investigation of the results obtained through the comparative policy analysis executed in the project 'Access to Culture. Policy Analysis' where different policy approaches to digital access in six selected countries (Austria, Croatia, Norway, Spain, Sweden and Turkey) are presented and interpreted. This is done with the aim to provide better understanding of the digital access issues that have to be taken into account in effective policy making for the inclusive and open digital culture.

Nowadays, vegetation seems to have an uncontested place in cities. Vegetation is regarded as valuable for well-being, social link, health, biodiversity, etc. Many rich knowledge exist on the subject but these ones only offer thematic or partial views, which make them difficult to mobilize in practise, especially for urban designing.In order to study urban vegetation and its complexity, a landscape approach has been chosen to have a transversal view on physical aspects (biological aspects included) and on immaterial ones, at different temporal and spatial scales. The methodology develops a diachronic urban landscape analysis on the city of Angers. We also use a research on design approach based on three contemporary urban projects located in Bordeaux, Lyon and Angers. Results show that vegetation, through specific places and precise shapes, appears to be a valuable resource to help solving different urban challenges. Nevertheless, far from being a panacea, vegetation as urban design material and tool, is based on particular knowledge and skills, but also on clear politic choices. We show that vegetation is also a conceptual resource to understand and to conceive urban management. Beyond this, the use of vegetation expresses a complex connection to nature. Urban design choices seem to express contradictory wishes, oscillating between a wish of comfort and neatness, and a wish to leave more space for wild and natural elements. Such contradiction may denote different ethic and politic positions. ; Le végétal semble aujourd'hui avoir une place incontestée dans la ville. De fait, on lui reconnaît des valeurs dans de nombreux domaines : le bien être, le lien social, la santé, la biodiversité, etc. Des connaissances riches et nombreuses existent sur le sujet, mais celles–ci ne proposent le plus souvent que des visions thématiques ou sectorielles, ce qui les rend difficilement mobilisables à un niveau opérationnel, notamment dans le cadre de l'aménagement urbain. Afin d'aborder le végétal aménagé en ville dans sa complexité, une approche par le paysage a été entreprise. Elle permet une entrée transversale sur ses aspects matériels (dont l'aspect biologique) et immatériels, et ce à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles. Cette approche a donné lieu à une étude diachronique des paysages sur la ville d'Angers, et une étude de trois projets d'aménagement urbains contemporains à Bordeaux, Lyon et Angers.Les résultats montrent que le végétal, par le choix spécifique des lieux d'implantation, par ses formes précises, permet de répondre à différents enjeux identifiés de la ville. Cependant, loin d'une vision qui ferait du végétal la panacée de l'aménagement urbain, celui-ci est un matériau et un outil exigeant qui repose sur des connaissances et des savoir-faire importants, mais aussi sur une priorisation politique des objectifs. Nous montrons que le végétal est également une ressource conceptuelle pour comprendre et penser l'aménagement de la ville. Enfin, l'aménagement végétal de la ville reflète un actuel rapport complexe à la nature, pris entre un désir de confort et de maîtrise d'une part, et une volonté de laisser une plus grande place aux éléments biophysiques d'autre part. Cela suscite différents positionnements éthico-philosophiques.

In Japan, aging is expected to progress further at a serious pace; therefore, the Japanese government and administrations at all levels have responded to this matter by initializing policies and plans for the management of the elderly society. This research aimed to describe the following issues: (1) long-term care insurance for the elderly and (2) health care services for the elderly. The research was based on the principles of documentary and qualitative research. The data were collected via document research and interviews with the Kobe Municipal officers which was composed of the chief and three staff members of the Elderly and Welfare Section for policies, plans, and management of the aging society in the Kobe Municipality during October- November, 2014. In addition, the data were collected from interviews with twenty elderly Japanese people who participated in Shiawase–no-mura (the Comprehensive Welfare Complex). Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The research findings were as follows: (1) long-term care insurance for the elderly is a policy that provides care for the elderly, and is based on "Welfare Law for the Elderly" which was designed for low income elderly who have no family to care for them. However, the new long-term care insurance departs from past practices with respect to the following: (a) shifting the major responsibility for care giving from family to the state; (b) integrating medical care and social services via unified financing; (c) enhancing consumer choice and competition by allowing free choice of providers; (d) requiring older persons themselves to share the costs via insurance premiums as well as copayments; and (e) expanding local government autonomy and management capacity in social policy. (2) As far as health care services for the elderly is concerned, the Japanese government's initiative, the Welfare Law for the Elderly, has a special system for the elderly, called "Health Service System for the Elderly." The facility services in special nursing homes and home care aid services are funded by taxes. For, the Kobe Municipal has policies, plans, and management designed for the aging society: the long-term care insurance is that in which Kobe city is equipping itself to manage effectively the trend of increasing numbers of aging people by launching the statement, "keep life and take care" as well as planning for aged people with Alzheimer's disease and aged people who are isolated. Kobe established the "Shiawase–no-mura": the Comprehensive Welfare Complex designed for the elderly including the disabled and all the members in the family, and the program called Kobe Senior Citizens' College or "Silver College," which provides for the elderly to maintain life-long learning. The curriculum is composed of a general course which provides general education, sports, and health management studies, and the special courses include welfare community, living environment, international exchange, cooperation, and general art. The research finding suggested that long-term care insurance, health care services and colleges for the elderly should be promoted to improve the quality of their life.

Abstract School superintendents in the 21st century face a prolific media culture with widespread and easy public access to information. The internet allows instantaneous dissemination of information and news about educational issues (Kowalski, 2005). Because community members, staff, parents and students can quickly communicate using the internet and cell phones, modern day superintendents need to be adept in dealing with both internal and external communication (Kowalski, McCord, Peterson, Young & Ellerson, 2011). Internal stakeholder groups include school staff, parents and students. These communications also arise and originate from external stakeholder groups which include the information and social media networks, news media, community leaders, local and state political leaders, and higher education (Kowalski et. al., 2011; Lockhart, 2011). The problem for the study was to analyze Minnesota school superintendents' perceptions of the impact of intense media scrutiny and relations with communication media in general on their sense of influence, length of tenure and professional aspirations regarding their profession. In light of the rapid changes in communication technologies, school leaders are increasingly being subjected to more scrutiny regarding their decisions about school change and policy. At times this scrutiny becomes not only intense, but hostile and even threatening (Carr, 2013; Eaton & Sharp, 1996; Hawk & Martin, 2011; Metzger, 2003; Metzger, 1997). The study examines to what extent this news media environment impacts the role of the superintendent. The study examines superintendent perceptions regarding their interactions and experiences with media culture using a questionnaire and selected interviews. Survey data was gathered from approximately [300] public school superintendents who are members of the Minnesota Association of School Administrators (MASA) professional organization. Three superintendents were invited to participate in a follow-up interview in order to glean additional perspectives and information regarding their interactions and experiences with media culture. Participants were asked to complete a 23-item survey in summer 2014 using Survey Monkey®. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics for selected items and non-numerical language to analyze results from open-ended comments. Qualitative methods were used to analyze results from selected interviews. Results from the study may assist current and aspiring school superintendents to gain a deeper understanding of how information technology and the communication age impacts professional ambition and ability to carry out this role. The research questions for the study were: 1. To what extent does the media culture affect the superintendent's leadership success and perception of one's ability to influence and impact the organization? 2. To what extent does the media culture impact the professional tenure (longevity) and career of school superintendents? 3. To what extent does the media culture affect the professional aspirations of school superintendent? In the study, the impact of the media culture on the role of the superintendent was found to be distracting from job responsibilities. The results of the survey displayed that the slant or bias of news information and social media were strong factors that impacted professional tenure and job satisfaction.

В условиях эскалации информационных и конкурентных войн журналистика играет все более важную роль в переформатировании новой культуры управляемого информационного общества. В теории, реализуя концепцию «общественного служения», журналистика адекватно выполняет свою функцию лишь при первичности факта и информации, что позволяет в идеальной модели объективно показать совокупность общественных отношений. В условиях информационных войн и глэм-капитализма журналистика как инструмент политической и конкурентной борьбы эксплуатируется в интересах заинтересованных групп влияния в манипулятивных целях, а современный журналист превращается в «солдата» информационных войн, формируя у населения мобилизационный тип культуры, который программировано реагирует на «вбросы», в новой мобилизационной журналистской этике заменяющие факт. Отсутствие ответственности за «вбросы» в совокупности с «менеджерским» подходом, стимулирующим виртуальное «производство сенсаций» и идеалов глэм-культуры, делает современную журналистику средством не утверждения культурных стандартов, а, скорее, их разрушения, формирования клипового мышления или политической абстиненции. Таким образом, современная журналистика все дальше уходит как от гуманистических идеалов мировой культуры, так и своих принципов, заложенных в корпоративном кодексе, ориентируясь на ангажированное формирование контентно-клиповой культуры в рамках гламурной журналистики и политической манипуляции. ; Sharp escalation of geopolitical tensions, negative economic shocks increase the role of journalism in the implementation of information policy, formation of system of articulating the interests and needs of social groups. As an element of political organization, journalism has a number of institutional components and generate (as part of social control) regulatory components of the political system. Modern journalism, keeping the continuity of the humanistic ideals of world culture, forms of content-video culture of the information society, defined by two underlying trends: glamorous journalism and political manipulation of the media. Developed glam-capitalism in the framework of the information society can be seen as a socio-economic formation, in a system reproducing the customer value (the essence of glam culture) in the context of global marketization. Working actively in the space of United Europe, one culture exposes an individual to averaging, it loses its identity and authenticity, the former needs, motives and goals are reduced to a single aggregate total will that distorts the human nature. In such circumstances, the journalism of fact is not in demand, it shall be replaced by a journalism of opinion generating the ideologies, and is considered to be journalism. In the conditions of information warfare and glam-capitalism, journalism as an instrument of political and competition is operated in interests of the groups that influence in manipulative purposes, and a journalist turns into a "soldier' of information warfare, shaping the population's mobilization type of culture, which responds to the programmed "stuffing", the new mobilization journalistic ethics replaces the fact. The lack of accountability for "stuffing" together with "managerial" approach, enabling virtual "manufacture of sensations" and the ideals of glam culture that makes modern journalism means not claims to cultural standards, but rather their destruction, the formation of clip thinking or political abstinence. The escalation of information wars and competitive journalism is playing an increasingly important role in the reformation of a new culture of managed information society.

Статья посвящена одной из малоизвестных и драматических страниц истории отечественного атомного проекта участникам ликвидации последствий радиационных аварий и инцидентов на первых промышленных ядерных объектах Урала, в частности на химкомбинате «Маяк». Документальную основу публикации составили письма-обращения военнослужащих строителей, производственников, принимавших участие в ликвидации последствий радиационных инцидентов на реке Те-ча и озере Карачай, Кыштымской ядерной аварии. ; Implementation of the atomic project in the USSR is considered as one of the greatest events of Russian history. The path that our country took by creating high-tech nuclear industry was difficult, full of victories and errors, achievements and tragic events of accidents and incidents. Radiation incidents that occurred at nuclear facilities due to imperfect technology, not properly studied issues of radiation safety, combined with a rigid target of creation of nuclear weapons in a short time led to a significant radiation exposure of the personnel, the public, to the radioactive contamination of the environment, especially in the early years of the project. So, as a result of a major accident in 1957, the Kyshtym Nuclear Disaster, more than 20 thousand sq. km of Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan and Tyumen regions were contaminated with radioactive waste. In order to eliminate the effects of radiological incidents and accidents it was required to implement urgent measures to limit the exposure of the population and the production staff, to relocate nearby settlements, to rehabilitate land affected by radiation. The liquidation activities, along with the production staff of the chemical plant "Mayak", involved thousands of workers and engineers, soldiers and officers, military and civilian construction workers who worked selflessly in difficult conditions, irrespective of the danger of radioactive exposure, risk to their own health. As a result, many of them received substantial doses of radiation, which subsequently led to various chronic diseases caused by radiation. At the same time, to get social support from the state, benefits were needed to confirm the status of the liquidator from the company, i.e., from the chemical plant "Mayak", or from a construction company. Therefore, numerous letters from those who worked on the construction of various nuclear facilities in the Urals in the 1940s-1950s were sent to the personnel departments of these organizations requesting confirmation of the status of the liquidator. These people also participated in the liquidation of the consequences of radiation accidents, and they suffered as a result of exposure to radiation. To date, more than two hundred complaints, called "letters of the victims", are stored in the United State Archive of Chelyabinsk Region. Due to the fact that social aspects of the radiation accident long hidden behind a veil of secrecy are still poorly understood, these letters have special information and historical significance. They contain information about the conditions of work and life of the participants of the nuclear saga, and allow to more fully reconstruct the events of that time according to witnesses. On the other hand, these letters show the fate of many people for whom the atomic project was the project paid by the highest price health. These letters made the documentary basis for the publication.