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Indonesian government plays an important role in developing religious education. Since the 1970s, the government has promoted basic education for the Indonesian citizen, modernizing primary and secondary education and including religious subjects in the national curriculum. Furthermore, from the early beginning of the New Order era, Islamic educational institutions such as pesantren and madrasah—which are mostly founded by private or informal institutions— must also follow the national curriculum and comply with state regulations. On the one hand, pesantren is continuously recognized as an autonomous institution, and honored as a community-based educational institution. Madrasah, on the other hand, is supported to teach Islam and religious subjects, but at the same time it is required to introduce sciences and general subjects to its students.During the 1980s and 1990s, major changes in the curriculum of Islamic religious education in Indonesia have turned madrasah into education institutions increasingly integrated in Indonesia's national education. In fact, the share of general studies reached 70%, while religious studies have been reduced to only about 30% of madrasah curriculum. As a consequence, all madrasah graduates have equivalent degree recognized by other schools in general, enabling them to pursue undergraduate studies in public universities.DOI:10.15408/sdi.v25i1.7284

This study aims to describe Arek culture in literary works. Arek culture is one of the cultures in East Java which its ideological center is in Surabaya. The people are known for their egalitarian, open, democratic, and having high solidarity characters. Community knowledge about Arek culture is very limited and its values are increasingly eroded. One means to disseminate knowledge about Arek culture is through literary works written by authors from these cultural regions. The problem that arises is how Arek culture is described in literary works. Indonesian Novel MencariSarangAngin and Ibu Kita Raminten, an anthology of Javanese short stories Trem, Javanese novel SarungeJagung, an anthology of Javanese poetry Donga KembangWaru and SastraCampur Sari were selected by the writers through purposive sampling technique, because they depict Arek's culture life. Data collection was done by reading and note-taking techniques. From the study, it was found that there are four Arek's culture elements in literary works, namely language, social organizations, knowledge systems, and arts. The four elements are the same as the description of Arek culture in real life which is revealed through scientific studies. Therefore, these works can be used as reading material to increase knowledge about Arek culture and its values.

This study contrasts two national solar home system (SHS) programs that relied on the same World Bank approach, but reached dramatically different results. The Energy Services Delivery Project (ESDP) in Sri Lanka was an exemplary renewable energy access program, successfully installing 21,000 off-grid SHSs alongside grid-connected mini-hydro capacity and off-grid village hydroelectric systems. It reached all of its targets ahead of schedule and below cost. By contrast, the Indonesia Solar Home System Project (ISHSP), which ran from 1997 to 2003, sought to reach one million rural Indonesians through the sales and installation of 200,000 SHSs. However, by project closing in 2003, less than five percent of the original sales target, or only 8,054 units, had been installed. The ESDP and ISHSP were the World Bank's first foray into a "market-based renewable energy services provision model." Based on original research interviews and field observation, the article finds that contrasting the two programs—one a success, the other a failure—offers lessons for energy and development practitioners, namely that effective programs are those that select appropriate technology, often with input from households themselves; they promote community participation and ownership; and they have robust marketing, demonstration, and promotion activities.

En Mali, por primera vez, se ha producido la actuación concertada y decidida de la Comunidad Internacional para la protección del patrimonio cultural en un país en situación de conflicto armado: el Consejo de Seguridad, UNESCO y la Corte Penal Internacional han mostrando su capacidad de responder a los graves desafíos que en esta materia afronta la Humanidad y han demostrado que con voluntad política y actuación conjunta y coordinada se puede proteger, reconstruir y conservar eficazmente el patrimonio de un pueblo; que es proteger, reconstruir y conservar la identidad del pueblo mismo y, en definitiva, la paz de las personas que lo conforman. ; In Mali, for the first time ever, there has been a concerted and determined action of the International Community in order to protect the cultural heritage of a country under armed conflict: the Security Council, UNESCO and the International Criminal Court have shown their ability to answer the serious challenges that Humanity faces in this field; and have proved that, with political will and through common and coordinated action, the heritage of a people can be effectively protected, rebuilt and preserved, which amounts to protect, rebuild and preserve the identity of the people and, ultimately, peace itself.

Smart grid technology development progression has created a possibility for the end users' participation in the electricity market possible. Recently, the Singapore government has changed the rule for participation in the wholesale market. The Smart Community project, developed by NTU, DNV GL and Green Koncepts, will look into critical factors that will help retail consumers to participate in the demand responses (DR) program and time of use (TOU) pricing. This study reviews benefits for current retail consumer, the impact of DR and TOU on real-time energy consumption of the users, the impact of user experience-focus application toward smart grid participation program on participation reliability and contribution in power reduction during curtailment period. The DR program allows the users to become an active participant in the energy market. It also allows the government to plan better on the limited and costly energy resources, improve system reliability, and reduce transmission and distribution congestion, check and balance on the market power generation. A mobile-based user-experience focus on convenience application is to be developed for consumers to actively participate in the demand-side management programme, which make Singapore Wholesale Energy Market more resilient and reducing market power by introducing competition. ; Published version

This study contrasts two national solar home system (SHS) programs that relied on the same World Bank approach, but reached dramatically different results. The Energy Services Delivery Project (ESDP) in Sri Lanka was an exemplary renewable energy access program, successfully installing 21,000 off-grid SHSs alongside grid-connected mini-hydro capacity and off-grid village hydroelectric systems. It reached all of its targets ahead of schedule and below cost. By contrast, the Indonesia Solar Home System Project (ISHSP), which ran from 1997 to 2003, sought to reach one million rural Indonesians through the sales and installation of 200,000 SHSs. However, by project closing in 2003, less than five percent of the original sales target, or only 8054 units, had been installed. The ESDP and ISHSP were the World Bank's first foray into a "market-based renewable energy services provision model." Based on original research interviews and field observation, the article finds that contrasting the two programs—one a success, the other a failure—offers lessons for energy and development practitioners, namely that effective programs are those that select appropriate technology, often with input from households themselves; they promote community participation and ownership; and they have robust marketing, demonstration, and promotion activities.

Regional autonomy implementations have implications for local politic expression. Political actor and community participation in local politic increase, emerge local politic actors, and local politic culture that it play the role of local politics, such as "Tuan Guru" (teacher) in Lombok. Tuan Guru has the more prominent role from the others inside Lombok local politics.There are three kind of Tuan Guru who are involved in practical politics; first, a Tuan Guru who politician that he is focuses his activity in the practical politics. His political activity is more dominant than teach about religion to the pupils (jamaah) or the rasta (santri). Second, Tuan Guru who involve in the pratical politics, but only to be a vote gather. This one thought himself doesn't has politic capacity, especially political politics. Some people as a vote gather gain aid for his "pesantren" (boarding school) and "madrasah" (school). He prefer to teach about religion for the pupils than do pratical politics activity. Third, Tuan Guru who doesn't take part of politics. Tuan Guru focus on religion to keep his peace of soul, statics, and conservative. He prefer oriented for the akhirat's life (dooms day), so he looks closed from outsider dynamic inside to determine politic affiliation

This paper aims to examine the extent to which a Muslim society in Indonesia solves its conflict. By using a Muslim society in Riau as a case study, this article argues that the society observed has a unique characteristic which may differ from other Muslim societies in other regions. It proposes that, in this community, the negotiation is done silently to shape the peaceful social interaction and harmonious relationship. In fact, the conflict within this society is actually corrosive when the elites have basically different education background categorized into Pesantren and University graduates making diverse ideas about religious and educational issues. The conflict is identified to be hybrid as it is not solely religious or non-religious matters. The political dimension is influential which deconstructs the meaning of charismatic leader in this society. The authority of local kiyai or kiyai kampong is renegotiated by ordinary people when the kiyai is invited to be involved in the political contest by politicians. This article provides an insight on how local Islam has proposed a best example of peaceful conflict resolution in Indonesia. It demonstrates the uniqueness of Indonesian Muslims' way to solve their internal conflict.

In this work, we present Web-STAR, an online platform for story understanding built on top of the STAR (STory comprehension through ARgumentation) reasoning engine. This platform includes a web-based IDE, integration with the STAR system and a web service infrastructure to support integration with other systems that rely on story understanding functionality to complete their tasks. The platform also delivers a number of "social" features like public story sharing with a built-in commenting system, a public repository for sharing stories with the community and collaboration tools that can be used from both project team members for development and educators for teaching. Moreover, we discuss the ongoing work on adding new features and functionality to this platform. ; This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 739578 and the Government of the Republic of Cyprus through the Directorate General for European Programmes, Coordination and Development. This article has been published in a revised form in TPLP DOI:10.1017/S1471068418000443. This version is published under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND. No commercial re-distribution or re-use allowed. Derivative works cannot be distributed. © Cambridge University Press 2018

The Manifesto Project Dataset provides the scientific community with parties' policy positions derived from a content analysis of parties' electoral manifestos. It covers over 1.000 parties from 1945 until today in over 50 countries on five continents.
The content analysis aims to discover party and presidential stances by quantifying their statements and messages to their electorate. A unified classification scheme with an accompanying set of rules was developed to make such statements comparable. Analysing manifestos allows for measurement of party and presidents' policy positions across countries and elections within a common framework. Manifestos are understood to be parties' only and presidential candidates' main authoritative policy statements and, therefore, as indicators of the parties' policy preferences at a given point in time.
The Manifesto Project Data Collection was originally created by the Manifesto Research Group (MRG) in the late 1970s and the 1980s. The work was continued under the name Comparative Manifestos Project (CMP) at the WZB Berlin Social Science Center in the 1990s and 2000s. Since 2009 the Manifesto Research on Political Representation (MARPOR) project updates and extends the dataset. It is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and is still located at the WZB Berlin Social Science Center.

The Manifesto Project Dataset provides the scientific community with parties' policy positions derived from a content analysis of parties' electoral manifestos. It covers over 1.000 parties from 1945 until today in over 50 countries on five continents.
The content analysis aims to discover party and presidential stances by quantifying their statements and messages to their electorate. A unified classification scheme with an accompanying set of rules was developed to make such statements comparable. Analysing manifestos allows for measurement of party and presidents' policy positions across countries and elections within a common framework. Manifestos are understood to be parties' only and presidential candidates' main authoritative policy statements and, therefore, as indicators of the parties' policy preferences at a given point in time.
The Manifesto Project Data Collection was originally created by the Manifesto Research Group (MRG) in the late 1970s and the 1980s. The work was continued under the name Comparative Manifestos Project (CMP) at the WZB Berlin Social Science Center in the 1990s and 2000s. Since 2009 the Manifesto Research on Political Representation (MARPOR) project updates and extends the dataset. It is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and is still located at the WZB Berlin Social Science Center.

This research aimed to associate termite diversity to flood pulse by Paraguay River, and with savannas and pasture areas. The study was conducted nearby the town of Cáceres, in Pantanal - Mato Grosso, on six livestock farms subject to Paraguay River flood pulse. Types of land use sampled were native savanna and cultivated pasture. Flooded and dry plots were selected, both the savanna and the pasture in each sampling area. Termite richness and abundance was analysed based on the environments as an explanatory variable (FP – flooded pasture, DP – dry pasture, FS – flooded savanna, DS – dry savanna) through GLM; Tukey's test was subsequently performed to determine whether land use and/or flood pulse can significantly affect the termite community. There were 37 termite species and 19 genera. Richness and abundance of termite species cannot be explain by flooding pulse, but were explained only by land use (pasture and savanna). The similarity analysis also identified that species composition was quite affected by flood in grazing areas, but this disturbance does not affect the savanna areas. In conclusion, flood pulse is not a determining factor for savannas or pasture termite richness, but change the composition of the termite fauna in the environment.

The Manifesto Project Dataset provides the scientific community with parties' policy positions derived from a content analysis of parties' electoral manifestos. It covers over 1.000 parties from 1945 until today in over 50 countries on five continents.
The content analysis aims to discover party and presidential stances by quantifying their statements and messages to their electorate. A unified classification scheme with an accompanying set of rules was developed to make such statements comparable. Analysing manifestos allows for measurement of party and presidents' policy positions across countries and elections within a common framework. Manifestos are understood to be parties' only and presidential candidates' main authoritative policy statements and, therefore, as indicators of the parties' policy preferences at a given point in time.
The Manifesto Project Data Collection was originally created by the Manifesto Research Group (MRG) in the late 1970s and the 1980s. The work was continued under the name Comparative Manifestos Project (CMP) at the WZB Berlin Social Science Center in the 1990s and 2000s. Since 2009 the Manifesto Research on Political Representation (MARPOR) project updates and extends the dataset. It is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and is still located at the WZB Berlin Social Science Center.

The Manifesto Project Dataset provides the scientific community with parties' policy positions derived from a content analysis of parties' electoral manifestos. It covers over 1.000 parties from 1945 until today in over 50 countries on five continents.
The content analysis aims to discover party and presidential stances by quantifying their statements and messages to their electorate. A unified classification scheme with an accompanying set of rules was developed to make such statements comparable. Analysing manifestos allows for measurement of party and presidents' policy positions across countries and elections within a common framework. Manifestos are understood to be parties' only and presidential candidates' main authoritative policy statements and, therefore, as indicators of the parties' policy preferences at a given point in time.
The Manifesto Project Data Collection was originally created by the Manifesto Research Group (MRG) in the late 1970s and the 1980s. The work was continued under the name Comparative Manifestos Project (CMP) at the WZB Berlin Social Science Center in the 1990s and 2000s. Since 2009 the Manifesto Research on Political Representation (MARPOR) project updates and extends the dataset. It is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and is still located at the WZB Berlin Social Science Center.

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2015–30, calls for countries to strengthen disaster risk governance systems as a pathway to disaster risk reduction. This paper assesses the disaster risk governance system in Malawi, Sub‐Saharan Africa, to understand how the positioning of multiple actors is contributing to the creation of an environment generating either positive or negative outcomes. The study utilizes a landscape governance analytical framework grounded within network governance theory and predominantly relies on qualitative approaches. The study finds that non‐governmental organizations are delivering the majority of disaster risk management services in the country. However, there are shortfalls within and across key actors and institutions that are frustrating progress and could reverse isolated gains that the country has made. While central government is largely detached from community‐level implementation, its incapacity is worsened by politicians and local government actors who have positioned themselves to capture risk reduction finance. The paper, therefore, questions the rationale behind the urgency in decentralizing disaster risk governance before addressing critical challenges within the local government system. These findings, while specifically for Malawi, are also pertinent to other developing countries struggling to deal with the consequences of climate variability and change.