Suchergebnisse

All societies in the world make their best effort to grow, to develop, to advance and to reach a prosperous structure (Aydın, 2016: 1). Beyond the growth issues, the phenomenon of development contains most of the problems about humanity. Not only the quantitative developments like economic development, but also the social, political and even cultural changes are vital for the development. The concept of development, which is a quite complex phenomenon to describe in the economics literature, is handled by considering the links between development concept and the concepts of growth, industrialization, modernization and structural change. After the consideration, the differences are analyzed (Özyakışır, 2011: 48).

Concepts are the central building blocks of all theoretical work. Reflecting this centrality, conceptual analyses and debates have a long and prominent tradition in the social sciences, even if empirical research often moves very quickly from concepts to observations that are assumed to be empirical manifestations of those concepts. Consider, for example, the large literatures about concepts such as power, democracy, and the state; as well as analyses of important concepts in specific subfields of political science, such as the conceptualization of anarchy in International Relations theory or the (ab)use of the concepts of supply and demand in regulatory governance.

The need for efficient and effective cross-border cooperation is apparent in many policy fields. Increasingly, regional local and local authorities in Europe have become involved in cross-border cooperation schemes. Apart from political advantages, the main rationale for such cooperation is better policy delivery. However, the more diverse regions and their policies are, the more challenging it is to establish adequate governance systems across borders that ensure this outcome. This paper puts forward a typology of governance models for cross-border cooperation, largely based on multi-level governance literature. This typology is tentatively applied to Central and Eastern Europe.

This paper reconsiders the wide agreement that females are more risk averse than males. We survey the existing experimental literature, finding that significance and magnitude of gender differences are task specific. We gather data from 54 replications of the Holt and Laury risk elicitation method, involving about 7,000 subjects. Gender differences appear in less than 10% of the studies and are significant but negligible in magnitude once all the data are pooled. Results are confirmed by structural estimations, which also support a constant relative risk aversion representation of preferences. Gender differences correlate with the presence of a safe option and fixed probabilities in the elicitation method.

Building on the literature of the political economy of taxation, this article explores the relationship between political competition and tax revenues using a sample of 89 developing countries from 1988 to 2010. Owing to the inertia of tax variables, we estimate a dynamic panel data model using the Blundell and Bond two-step System-GMM. The analysis led to the following results: political competition positively and significantly affects total tax revenues; however, this general pattern differs slightly across the type of taxes; and the net effect of political competition on tax revenues is negative for countries which have adopted fiscal rules.

Despite the importance of the media and the considerable literature on media logic and the mediatisation of politicians, there is very little research on effects of – as conceptualised here – commercialised media attention on network performance. To address this lacuna, the article draws on a survey of project managers involved in complex spatial projects in the four largest cities in The Netherlands (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht and The Hague) and managers from two consultancy firms involved in similar projects (n=141). Quantitative analysis shows that perception of commercialised media attention has negative effects on network performance but that these effects are reduced considerably by network management activities.

To better support veterans in their transition from the military to college, current literature recommends the use of a first-year transition course. However, it does not suggest how to implement this intervention nor if this tool is indeed effective at increasing retention and persistence toward graduation. In this pilot study, five institutions of various sizes and locations were surveyed to discover common themes related to their courses' structure, objectives, assignments, and assessment practices. The goal of the study was to compile "best practices" among the findings and provide practical application tools for institutions looking to start a course or adapt an existing one.

Middlemen are largely absent from the literature and policymaking on land deals. Based on qualitative evidence from India, this paper shows a highly organised field of aggregators, brokers, touts, musclemen and others permeating the land economy. Biographical accounts provide glimpses of everyday work, career and aspirations. A high-definition narrative of middlemen as middlemen allows a shift away from instrumental analyses of bridges in global capitalist accumulation. Even as they reproduce larger structures, middlemen can be rule-makers who personalise, localise and actively shape the land economy. Global debates cannot afford to ignore these hitherto missing dimensions in land deals.

Constantine Calafateanu (1911-1978) is one of the most important Romanian painters of the twentieth century. He studied French literature at the Sorbonne, but he also regularly visited two painting studios: La Grande Chaumiere and Julien Academy. On returning to Romania he did some teaching work, therefore, he started exhibiting relatively late in life. His first solo exhibition took place in 1965. The creation of this painter highlights two phases: the first one lasted until 1965 and the second one lasted from 1968 to the end of the painter's life. Calafateanu mostly painted landscapes (fall and winter), flowers, still life, and nudes.

It is widely acknowledged that stakeholders' relations are critical in collaborative planning. Hence, literature in this field has elaborated on the communicative and relational conditions that facilitate collaborative planning processes. Less attention has been paid to the dynamics of stakeholders' relations and to how these influence planning processes. Analytical tools to systematically study stakeholders' relating dynamics in collaborative planning processes are underdeveloped. Drawing on Baxter and Montgomery's relational dialectics approach, we introduce an analytical framework to study stakeholders' relating dynamics in collaborative planning and the way these interact with framing dynamics. We exemplify the core concepts of our framework with illustrations based on running case study research.

Pontal do Paraná aims at combining oil industries, environmental protection of fragile areas and improvement in the lives of local people. Applying a multi‐modal systems thinking qualitative approach, several factors and their interrelationships were identified pointing to threats to the overall sustainability of the area. These factors emerged from the analysis of open interviews, documents and specialized literature. We particularly focused on the social aspect and its interrelationship with other modalities to conclude that the sustainability of the region's socio‐environmental systems could be compromised in the long term if proper measures are not taken. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Why do some ethnopolitical organizations use violence? Research on substate violence often uses the state level of analysis, or only analyzes groups that are already violent. Using a resource mobilization framework drawn from a broad literature, we test hypotheses with new data on hundreds of violent and non-violent ethnopolitical organizations in Eastern Europe and Russia. Our study finds interorganizational competition, state repression and strong group leadership associated with organizational violence. Lack of popularity and holding territory are also associated with violence. We do not find social service provision positively related to violence, which contrasts with research on the Middle East.

Despite abundant evidence on social determinants of health (SDH) and health inequities, effective uptake of the evidence in health policies of high-income countries has been limited. Health policies might acknowledge evidence on SDH but still direct most strategies towards biomedical and behavioural interventions. This article reports on a framework developed for qualitative analysis of health policy documents to assess how and to what extent policies address health inequities and SDH outside health care services. This framework provides an effective way to interrogate health policies on key points raised in recent literature about the translation of evidence on SDH into policy.

The public financial management literature stresses the importance of bottom‐up costing of budget programs within a medium term expenditure framework (MTEF), however, comparatively little attention is paid to its practical implementation. This paper helps close this gap by surveying MTEF costing practices in four countries: Australia, Austria, Canada, and the Netherlands. The research utilizes questionnaire responses and interview data from national finance ministries, as well as review of government policy documents. The paper finds that current program costing practices fall short of the declared objectives of MTEFs, and the focus of costing and cost information remains incremental budget decision processes.