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The purpose of the article is an objective historiographical characteristic of the figure of Metropolitan Arseniy Matsievich (1697–1772) through the prism of Ukrainian Church and Historical Science of XX–XXI centuries, outlining the range of problems and prospects for the development of contemporary Ukrainian historiography, dedicated to this prominent figure. The research methodology is based on usage of comparative, historical-genetic methods, the method of historical periodization etc. Scientific novelty. On the basis of the involved historiographic base, has been summarized historical estimates and visions of the figure of Metropolitan Arseniy by Ukrainian historians of the early XX–XXI centuries. Moreover, the problem milestones and perspective directions of the research of biography, dedicated to Arseniy Matsievich, in the modern Ukrainian historiography were defined. Conclusions. The emergence of Ukrainian ecclesiastical historiography as a field of historical science dates back to the time of the liberation contest of 1917–1921, when Ukraine was institutionalized as a state. The greatest contribution to the scientific studying of Arseniy Matsiyevich's activity weremade by Ukrainian diaspora scholars, among whom especially should be noted I. Vlasovsky, who actively developed studios of all-Ukrainian church history, and I. Ogienko, who can be considered as one of the first outstanding church biographers. In the historical writings of diaspora scholarsprevails the national-religious aspect of the study of the life of the Ukrainian Church in the synodal period. Contemporary Ukrainian historiography is characterized by usage of typological and structural methods of studying history of the Ukrainian and Russian Churches in the eighteenth century. Therefore, Arseniy Matsiyevich's figure in domestic historical works is analyzed rather superficially. Among the problematic, unexplored topics, which is the neededfor research, are the philosophy of Metropolitan Arseniy, his ecclesiastical and political views, which ...

The application of additional punishment of the revocation of political rights in the form of voting and/or voting rights elected in the elections to the corruption convicts was as an attempt to eradicate the extraordinary Corruption of crime and part of severe punishment and a charge of corruption convicts. The purpose of this research, namely: first, to know and analyze the implementation requirements of additional punishment of revocation of political rights to corruption prisoners in the perspective of human rights; Second, to know and analyze the position of additional penalty for the revocation of political rights in the purpose of punishment in Indonesia. The type of research used is normative juridical research with a legal approach, conceptual approach, a case approach approach, and a comparative approach. The results of the study proved that: first, political rights can be classified in the right to freedom of thought and a conscience that is unable to be reduced under any circumstance and attached to the status of citizens. The application of the additional penalty was the act of degrading and dignity of corruption prisoners as citizens because of the impact on the elimination of Rights and the disclosure of political rights of corruption prisoners until its application does not meet the requirements of the restriction on human rights in the perspective of the relative-particulate matter; Secondly, the theory of the goal of punishment in accordance with Indonesian philosophy is correctional which is also a rationality of the implementation of prison sentence as does Law No. 12 of 1995 about Correctional. The position of additional penalty for revocation of political rights is as an instrument of conforming or contrary to the purpose of punishment in Indonesia, namely correctional throughout its application to open an opportunity for the elimination of rights and not accompanied by an attempt to recover the rights that have been revoked

Usando la metodología process tracing, se analizaron los mecanismos causales que intervinieron en las interacciones societales y las interacciones socio-estatales, relacionados con diferentes eventos de cambio legal en Perú y Ecuador en el período 1980 – 2018. Los resultados del análisis de cada caso fueron usados para un análisis comparado. Siguiendo las teorías interaccionistas, la sociología procesual y la filosofía del derecho, se sostiene que el cambio legal sobre diversidad sexual es resultado: i) de solidaridades y acuerdos, movilizados por un grupo diverso de actores sociales, capaces de negociar diferentes alternativas de cambio legal; ii) por interacciones de enseñanza/aprendizaje; iii) por la capacidad de innovación en la presentación de las demandas; iv) la acción de actores de las tres ramas del poder público, de las jerarquías y de los demás niveles de la burocracia; v) de la capacidad de generar convencionalidad sobre los temas de diversidad sexual. Se encontró que ambientes de renovación democrática son propicios para el cambio legal. ; Using the process tracing methodology, the causal mechanisms that intervened in societal interactions and socio-state interactions, related to different events of legal change in Peru and Ecuador in the period 1980 - 2018 were analyzed. The results of the analysis of each case were used for a comparative analysis. Following interactionist theories, procedural sociology and the philosophy of law, it is argued that legal change on sexual diversity is the result: i) of solidarity and agreements, mobilized by a diverse group of social actors, capable of negotiating different alternatives of legal change ; ii) by teaching / learning interactions; iii) for the capacity for innovation in the presentation of demands; iv) the action of actors from the three branches of public power, hierarchies and other levels of bureaucracy; v) the ability to generate conventionality on issues of sexual diversity. It was found that democratic renewal environments are conducive to legal change.

Broadly speaking, this work is framed within Cultural Studies. This current of thought, born in Great Britain in the 1960s from the works of R. Hoggart, S. Hall, and R. Williams, invites us to question the notion of culture in all its dimensions, evidencing political, ideological, and power issues. According to Cultural Studies, the concept of text designates not only that of written language, but all cultural production, including image.In keeping with this perspective, the object of study, that is Lorenzo Viani's work, is undertaken through a transdisciplinary approach. The texts, or in this case images, are worked on aided by a crossover of contributions by different disciplines, such as Sociology, Philosophy, Aesthetics, Art History, Literature Theories, Mediology, and Semiotics.Because of this, the main corpus, as in all of Viani's published works, once achieved the first stage of literal comprehension of the texts which required a philological approach, was analysed in an open manner, considering of society, history, and relationships with cultural phenomenons from which they originate. In first place, the thesis deals with an in-depth study of Viani's biography. We have reconstructed in detail his intellectual education and the network of relationships which Viani, who was a very active character in the political and cultural scene of Versilia in his time, built and nurtured throughout his life.Taking into account the fact that Viani, one of many talents, began his artistic endeavors as painter and illustrator, and that he devoted himself to writing (journalistic and literary) in a subsequent phase, we have given weight to the dimension of image in our analyses of his texts. We use the concept of "spoken image", going by W.J.T. Mitchell's definition. That is to understand where these images come from, why Viani chose them, and if they have an aesthetic function or one of another nature. The objective is a comparative analysis between word/spoken image. We aim to examine if the general idea that Viani has ...

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this article is to determine the features of the framing process, taking into account the methodological basis of the theory of frames. Methodology: The methodological basis of the study is a theory of frames, as well as various methodological approaches aimed at searching for meaning, analyzing the characteristics of social consciousness, forming social representations. In order to clarify the issue of the formation and structure of a frame of social representations, theoretical-methodological concepts of a frame (Goffman, Bateson, Minsky, Fillmore) and social representations (Moscovici, Neisser) are analyzed. The main provisions of the structural-functional approach, the theory of social interactionism and constructivism are used. Main Findings: The main provisions of the structural-functional approach, the theory of social interactionism and constructivism are used. As a result of analyzing the structure of frames of social representations, the author's interpretation of the process of their formation is given, which makes it possible to better understand people's understanding of already widespread and accepted social representations. Additions to the current understanding of the framing process and its nature allow for the applied research of social representations that underlie the studied social actions. The findings presented in the article, first of all, the conceptualization of basic concepts and generalization of extensive analytical material can serve as a prerequisite for further disciplinary (philosophy, sociology, political science, psychology, and others) and interdisciplinary developments in the field of frame research, monitoring and comparative research. Applications of this study: The stated results can be used in analyzing the process of forming and determining the structure of frames of social representations. Novelty/Originality of this study: The originality of the study lies in the author's interpretation of the formation of the frame of social representations, it's content and nature.

You wait ages for a bus, the saying goes, and then two (or three) come along at once. A similar feeling set in when Oxford University Press published two volumes on legal history in its Oxford Handbooks series within the space of four weeks last year. They are a welcome addition to the prestigious and well-established series that now boasts hundreds of volumes, including around 50 on history and over three dozen on law. The latter do not only cover established sub-disciplines of legal studies, such as jurisprudence and philosophy of law (2002), comparative law (2006, 2nd ed. 2019), international trade law (2009), the law of the sea (2015), European Union law (2015), criminal law (2014) and intellectual property (2018), but also more recent and emerging fields, including international environmental law (2007), empirical legal research (2010), behavioural economics and law (2014), international adjudication (2013), international climate change law (2016) and law and economics (3 vols., 2017). The Handbooks have become increasingly specialised with titles focusing on narrow topics such as individual national constitutions (USA, 2015; India, 2016; Canada, 2017) and important, but nevertheless discrete legal issues, for example, US health law (2017) and the sources of international law (2017). The obvious question was why, nearly two decades after the launch of the series, there was such a thing as an Oxford Handbook of American Sports Law (2018) but still no volume on the history of law. The absence of such a title was all the more striking in light of the publication of books in the series dealing with individual fields of legal history, such as the Oxford Handbook of the History of International Law (2012), the Oxford Handbook of Roman Law and Society (2016), the Oxford Handbook of Carl Schmitt (2017) and the Oxford Handbook of English Law and Literature, 1500–1700 (2017). .

Broadly speaking, this work is framed within Cultural Studies. This current of thought, born in Great Britain in the 1960s from the works of R. Hoggart, S. Hall, and R. Williams, invites us to question the notion of culture in all its dimensions, evidencing political, ideological, and power issues. According to Cultural Studies, the concept of text designates not only that of written language, but all cultural production, including image.In keeping with this perspective, the object of study, that is Lorenzo Viani's work, is undertaken through a transdisciplinary approach. The texts, or in this case images, are worked on aided by a crossover of contributions by different disciplines, such as Sociology, Philosophy, Aesthetics, Art History, Literature Theories, Mediology, and Semiotics.Because of this, the main corpus, as in all of Viani's published works, once achieved the first stage of literal comprehension of the texts which required a philological approach, was analysed in an open manner, considering of society, history, and relationships with cultural phenomenons from which they originate. In first place, the thesis deals with an in-depth study of Viani's biography. We have reconstructed in detail his intellectual education and the network of relationships which Viani, who was a very active character in the political and cultural scene of Versilia in his time, built and nurtured throughout his life.Taking into account the fact that Viani, one of many talents, began his artistic endeavors as painter and illustrator, and that he devoted himself to writing (journalistic and literary) in a subsequent phase, we have given weight to the dimension of image in our analyses of his texts. We use the concept of "spoken image", going by W.J.T. Mitchell's definition. That is to understand where these images come from, why Viani chose them, and if they have an aesthetic function or one of another nature. The objective is a comparative analysis between word/spoken image. We aim to examine if the general idea that Viani has ...

Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas. Facultad de Historia. Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Historia ; The thesis we are presenting to opt for the degree of "Doctor in History" in the "Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Historia" depending on the Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas and the Facultad de Historia at Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, tituled "México-Chile, la representación de un proyecto excluyente a través de la prensa. La modernidad política y social en el discurso de los diarios «El Siglo Diez y Nueve» y «El Ferrocarril» entre 1860 y 1880", is divided in 3 chapters, plus its respective Introduction and Conclusions. In the Introduction, we present the historical problem that will be researched, which derives from the study of the implementation of Modernity in Latin America between the decades of 1860 and 1880. In the objectives, we focus into how this process was represented by the press of the time in two distinctive geographical spaces: Mexico and Chile and in two particular media El Siglo Diez y Nueve for Mexico and El Ferrocarril for Chile. Later on, we see the general theoretical and conceptual construct, focused in the model of the history of representations, which is addressed through a comparative focus. Finally, we present the interdisciplinary discussion about the general problem of modernity, interspersing studies that go from History, Philosophy and Sociology. The first chapter, entitled "The limits of nineteenth-century press", addresses the limitations of nineteenth-century press as a medium of information. Throughout three sections, we state its biased condition, how it was influenced by the notion of progress as well as how the press' political language morphed over the years. ; La tesis que presentamos para optar al grado de Doctor en Historia en el Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Historia, dependiente del Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas y de la Facultad de Historia de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, titulada ...

Purpose. The article is devoted to the topical in modern political-economic reality theme of architectonics of the state. The subject of analysis is the physical-ontological and social-political doctrines T. Hobbes. The author aims to reveal the category of the body as the primordial concept of Hobbes' metaphysics.Methodology. The basis of the research is the hermeneutic, phenomenological and comparative methods and the principle of the historical-philosophical reconstruction.Results. The results of the study are that the author explicates the essence of Hobbes' maxim that man can fully know only what he himself can do. As such an artifact in the philosophy of T. Hobbes is the body, and the social-political body, established by the man himself. The author supposes that the modern European project "social physics" can be considered a prototype of active theoretical-epistemic model describing social reality.Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the sphere of socio-political planning and forecasting. ; Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной в условиях современной политико-экономической реальности теме архитектоники государства. Предметом анализа выступают физико-онтологическая и социально-политическая доктрины Т. Гоббса. Автор ставит целью раскрыть категорию тела в качестве исконного понятия гоббсовой метафизики.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют герменевтический, феноменологический и компаративистский методы, а также принцип историко-философской реконструкции.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что автор эксплицирует сущность гоббсовой максимы о том, что человек в полной мере может познать лишь то, что он сам способен сделать. В качестве такого артефакта в философии Т. Гоббса выступает тело, причём не природно-физическое, а социально-политическое, учреждаемое самим человеком. Автор делает предположение, что новоевропейский проект «социальной физики» можно считать прообразом деятельностной теоретико-эпистемической модели описания социальной реальности.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере социально-политического проектирования и прогнозирования.

The purpose of the article is to discover the peculiarities of the interpretation of sexual representation in the postmodern philosophical discourse; to analyze the way of becoming the category of sexuality an integral part of feminine subjectivity; to compare the ways of interpretation of the category of sexuality in the works of the Western and Ukrainian researchers. Methods and approaches. To investigate the theoretical framework in the postmodern philosophy the cross-disciplinary approach is used. The comparative approach is methodologically important to clarify the problems concerning feminine subjectivity. The very approach provides the researcher with the opportunity to review the cultural peculiarities of the given historical period. Scientific novelty. Following the peculiarities of the gender approach it was discovered that the modern interpretation of the category of feminine subjectivity includes not only racial, class and ethnical differences, but the peculiarities of a sexual character. Unfortunately, the category of sexuality is still the way of women's oppression. Nevertheless, this category is now an important tool when representing the versatile nature of feminine subjectivity. The problems of sexual marginality are considered to be the way of destroying gender stereotypes. Conclusion. It is proved that the postmodern philosophical discourse has contributed serious transformations when interpreting the feminine nature and changed the attitude to the very category of sexuality. The interpretation of the category of sexuality is a certain touchstone clarifying the attitude towards a human being in general and towards a woman in particular. It is determined that nowadays the problems of sexuality raise some concerns and anxiety posing more questions than giving the answers. One point is absolutely clear: it is impossible to investigate the nature of a modern human being out of the postmodern philosophical discourse. What is more, it is impossible to investigate the postmodern philosophical discourse out of the categories of human sexual representation.

The current international processes and events, world politics at the beginning of the 21 century have once again clearly demonstrated that their meaning often emerges through the historical context without which the understanding of what is happening is hardly possible. Rector of MGIMO A.V. Torkunov in his talk on International relations as an educational discipline remarked that "as for sciences the basis of professionalism is mathematical skills and competencies, for international relations such a basis is history". Historical disciplines are taught at MGIMO from the very start of education process. MGIMO is one of the leading centers of research in the fields of history, political sciences and humanities. Here, in different years academics E.V. Tarle, L.N. Ivanov, V.G. Trukhanovskiy, A.L. Narochnitskiy and other prominent scholars and historians taught. Historical School of MGIMO has united important areas of historical science: the history of political processes in the twentieth century, modern history, the history of international relations and diplomacy, historical regional studies and cultural studies, oriental, philosophy and theory of history. The best traditions of the MGIMO historical school incorporated by its founders, make the foundation of its development at present. In 1992, the Department of MGIMO world and national history was established. The principle innovation was the combination of two components - historical education and historical science. This made it possible to present the story of Russia as an important part of the world history, opened up prospects for the implementation of comparative history, the synthesis of specific historical approaches and generalized global vision of civilization and human development. The historical school has realised a number of research projects, including "Alexander Nevsky" and the multi-volume "Great Victory", the work continues on a research project "Russia in the Modern World", and on a project "Synchronous History", etc.

This paper presents a comparative review of Zimbabwe and South Africa's water Acts of 1998. The legislative changes made in both countries were not isolated events. They were part of broader reform programs aimed at changing operations of the water sectors in the two countries. This paper, therefore, gives a brief background to the water sector reforms in both countries in order to place the legislative changes in their proper context. .The main objectives and the rationale behind these reforms are outlined. It is argued in the paper that there is a considerable amount of similarity between the two countries' main reasons and objectives for reforming their water sectors. The major objectives identified as applicable to both countries include: ♦ Promotion of equality in access to water for aij citizens ♦ To decentralise water management to the catchment level ♦ To increase stakeholder participation in the decision-making process for the water sector ♦ To promote integrated management of water resources ♦ To'make the sector self financing by instituting cost recovery measures and approaches in the distribution of water While a number of objectives of the reforms are pointed out, the attainment of equitable access to water is singled out as the most outstanding one. The paper explores the driving philosophy and generic concepts behind the reforms. Relevant literature and documentation is cited in order to clarify some of the fundamental concepts dealt with in the paper. In another section, the same fundamental concepts are discussed in relation to their applicability to the Zimbabwean and South African situations as reflected in the two countries' Water Acts of 1998. An analysis of the main features of the two pieces of legislation is made as well as an attempt to bring out their implications for water resources management. Important issues left out of the reforms are also pointed out and suggestions for improving the legislation are proffered wherever necessary

В статье рассматриваются некоторые вопросы формирования базовых принципов учения Конфуция Мэн-цзы в китайском и вьетнамском средневековом обществе. На примере отдельных категорий конфуцианства показано, каким образом во Вьетнаме переосмысливалось морально-этическое содержание конфуцианства, складывалась новая система понятий, отличная от китайской. ; Confucianism began spreading in Vietnam due to Chinese military expansion, it gradually adapted to local conditions and acquired a dominant role in the ideological system of governance of the country, and it became one of the ideological sources of the Vietnamese philosophy and culture. The subjects of my study are basic principles of ethical the teachings of Confucius Mencius in China and Vietnam in the Middle Ages. To identify similarities and differences in the content of principles and categories of Chinese and Vietnamese Confucianism, I use a comparative analysis of Chinese and Vietnamese Confucian sources of 10-17 centuries, as well as contemporary Chinese and Vietnamese researches. In my article, I attempted to show how the medieval Vietnamese Confucianism rethought basic moral and ethical concepts of Chinese 'Three Principles and Five Constants' (especially Loyalty, Filial Piety, Obligation, Humaneness, and Rite) and formed a new paradigm that was significantly different from the previous one. I have shown, for Vietnamese, patriotism was the main moral values that define the process of perception of Confucianism, its assimilation and adaptation. In this sense, as long ago as the Middle Ages, Vietnamese Confucians interpreted homager's loyalty primarily in respect of the motherland, and only secondarily in respect to the ruler. In addition, I have shown there was some differences between Chinese and Vietnamese principles of filial piety and status of woman (permanent military threat contribute to some increase of freedom of Vietnamese women compared to Chinese ones). I conclude the priority of categories of patriotism in medieval Vietnam promoted Vietnamese Confucians' interests to the issues of loyalty, filial piety and a sense of duty. This also resulted in almost total lack of interest to the problems of metaphysics in Vietnamese Confucianism.

This thesis explores the relationship between ideas of aesthetics and community in recent art theory and criticism in the context of a resurgence of artistic practices emphasising participation, social engagement and collaboration. These two concepts have been regarded with suspicion in the critical and theoretical trends that came to prominence in the nineteen sixties. Aesthetics was seen as the province of politically disengaged elites with a vested interest in stripping art of any concrete relationship to the social field, while community was often associated with a nostalgic longing for an idealised, conflict-free social order that never existed. However, in recent times the two notions have been subjected to serious reconsideration by a range of influential art theorists, curators and critics. This revival has, at least in part, occurred in response to the resurgence of participatory and socially engaged art since the nineteen nineties. Responding to these developments, this thesis argues that the aesthetics/community nexus lies at the core of Immanuel Kant's Critique of Judgement and that this foundational text of Western aesthetic philosophy can be reinterpreted to both clarify and refigure the terms of the current debate about socially inclined art. The continuing relevance of Kant's thought can be evinced by his influence on many, and often radically contrasting, theoretical positions including Clement Greenberg's formalism, Thierry de Duve's account of the Duchampian turn, Jean-François Lyotard's postmodern sublime and, more recently, Jacques Rancière's theory of aesthetics and politics. This study conducts a comparative analysis of texts by the aforementioned thinkers, as well as selected writings on art and community by Martin Heidegger. The examination of these philosophical reflections is interwoven with a discussion of writings by prominent analysts of the recent social turn in art such as Claire Bishop, Grant Kester, Nicolas Bourriaud, Boris Groys, Nato Thompson, Miwon Kwon, Suzanne Lacy and ...

If driving safety started at the same time as cars, the social phenomenon of road safety only started to develop in the second half of the 20th century. Ever since, comparative studies of those driving courses showed difficulties to enhance the road mortality and morbidity. Still, this has been a major issue of public policies: in fact, road safety policies had always given to road education one of the first roles in the prevention system. We tried to identify the beginning and the persistence of this paradox in the practice of the road safety actors and in the construction and transmission of a common risk culture as we can find it in our advanced modernity. We led this research from the observation of the practices of road safety education. We alternatively worked as a driving instructor, instructor trainer and traffic psychologist. This research is structured, thus, by the immersion in the field work of road safety education. Our ground theory are the philosophy of techniques (Illich, Canguilhem, Simondon, Stiegler) and the sociology of risk (Beck, Douglas, Duclos) along in perspective with the psychosociological theory of risk homeostasis (Wilde). ; Si la formation du conducteur a connu ses débuts en même temps que la naissance de l'automobile, l'éducation routière en tant que phénomène social s'est développée à partir de la deuxième moitié du XXème siècle. Depuis cette période, les évaluations de ces actions de formation ont pointé les difficultés à réduire le nombre et la gravité des accidents de la circulation. Ce constat n'est pas faute d'investissement des pouvoirs publics : en effet, les politiques de sécurité routière n'ont cessé, jusqu'à aujourd'hui, de placer l'éducation routière au centre du dispositif de prévention. Nous avons cherché à identifier la naissance et la persistance de ce paradoxe dans la pratique des acteurs de la sécurité routière, et dans la production et la reproduction d'une culture commune du risque propre à la modernité. Nous avons exercé cette investigation à partir de ...