Suchergebnisse

One of the many aspects of the relationship between the sphere of law and the sphere of politics is the fact that the most important decisions on public policies take the form of normative acts enacted throughappropriate legislative procedures. Thus, law-making processes are a strategic element of any system of authority – authority understood positively as concern for the common good. This applies to regulationscreated at the international, national and local levels, but also, e.g., to regulations and procedures within organisations (the internal law). Normative acts serve not only to introduce legal instrumentsnecessary for the implementation of public policies but are indispensable when applying incentives of other kinds, e.g. economic, institutional, educational or cultural. Moreover, even allowing social actors to act freely in a certain area of life (self-regulation) requires appropriate legal regulation.

The European Constitutional Treaty (ECT) was presented by its drafters as an explicit constitution for the European Union (EU 25). We argue that considered as the European economic constitution its provisions do not sufficiently allow for the possibility of cooperative collective decision (leading to convergence in welfare) in a more than ever numerous and heterogeneous EU. Our essential argument in this respect regards the implications of the structurally different economic performances and incentives of small and large countries under the European economic constitution. Finally, since the present European trade-off between "integrity" and "efficiency" appears sub-optimal, we present two original ways of achieving potentially better ones in the EU, through a "Great compromise" or "Economic constitution(s)," expressing a preference for the latter.

The European Constitutional Treaty (ECT) was presented by its drafters as an explicit constitution for the European Union (EU 25). We argue that considered as the European economic constitution its provisions do not sufficiently allow for the possibility of cooperative collective decision (leading to convergence in welfare) in a more than ever numerous and heterogeneous EU. Our essential argument in this respect regards the implications of the structurally different economic performances and incentives of small and large countries under the European economic constitution. Finally, since the present European trade-off between "integrity" and "efficiency" appears sub-optimal, we present two original ways of achieving potentially better ones in the EU, through a "Great compromise" or "Economic constitution(s)," expressing a preference for the latter.

The purpose of this paper is to raise issues and provoke discussion, not to present a blue print. Although war-time experience has contributed much to the education of economists, I suspect there are few who would be dogmatic about whether, or how, full employment can be maintained after the war. The problem is not entirely and indeed may not even be mainly one of economic analysis. The most important question may be a social or political one, viz. whether the desire for full employment is so compelling that people will be willing to subordinate personal and group interests sufficiently to achieve it.War-time developments have emphasized how far Canada was from full utilization of its resources during the thirties. In August, 1939, after nearly a decade of struggle against mass unemployment, we now know there were still more than half a million Canadians who were unemployed. In addition, many were working on short time, or were being supported in concealed unemployment on farms, and many farmers were on relief. Since then, the gainfully occupied have increased from about 3.7 million to about 5.1 million, including the armed forces. In addition, our capital equipment has been increased, new skills have been developed, and new production techniques have been worked out under the forced draught of war. The indications are that full employment of all who really want to work after the war will probably involve jobs for about 4.7 million people, or one million more than in 1939, and a volume of production perhaps 50 per cent greater than the pre-war level.

The article presents the results of the authors qualitative sociological study of the age specifics of the key components of women's entrepreneurial activity. The focus of research interest is based on the identification and analysis of the key factors of female entrepreneurial activity in terms of age in relation to Saratov region. The authors used the method of analytical induction ("method of typical cases"). The initial data were the transcripts of in-depth interviews with female residents of Saratov, aged from 30 to 70, having experience in doing business., The age characteristics of women's entrepreneurial activity based on the analysis of qualitative research materials are characterized by using the example of women entrepreneurs in Saratov region. The motives of women's entrepreneurial activity come down to the material factor to a greater extent. In the middle age group, freedom in decision-making, self-development, and the ability to help relatives were more often recorded. In the older age group, more emphasis was placed on forced entrepreneurship (professional burnout, low income, the opportunity to provide children with a better future). The social, legal, and economic conditions for women's entrepreneurial activities in the region were analyzed.

Social Innovation is becoming an increasingly important topic in our global society. Those organizations which are able to develop business solutions to the most urgent social and ecological challenges will be the leading companies of tomorrow. Social Innovation not only creates value for society but will be a key driver for business success. Although the concept of Social Innovation is discussed globally the meaning and its impact on the development of new business strategies is still heavily on debate. This publication has the goal to give a comprehensive overview of different concepts in the very innovative field of Social Innovation, from a managerial as well as from a theoretical and social perspective. Over 30 leading thinkers in the field of Innovation, Strategic Management and Organizational Development give a well structured inside on the latest developments and progress in the field of Social Innovation. Thereby the authors not only develop a comprehensive and unique analysis on the state-of-the art of social innovation but also give practical advice and information to business leaders on how to apply the latest management thinking on Social Innovation to daily business decisions. This publication has the intention to become a milestone in the further development of the concept of Social Innovation as well as to further stimulate new business strategies necessary to overcome world most pressing social and ecological challenges.

У статті розглядається феномен ментальності особистості як системи внутрішніх глибинно-психічних соціально-культурних установок індивіда. Розглядаються та обґрунтовуються ментальний підхід до осмислення феноменів соціально-індивідуального буття. Актуалізуються філософсько-освітні аспекти становлення ментальності особистості й основні «проблемні сторони» сучасної освіти через призму ментального підходу. ; Concepts and categories used in the modern social-humanitarian knowledge for the general and aspect characteristics of phenomena of society's and humans' activities, differing in universality have, nevertheless, certain national-ethnic or ethno-cultural length. This applies to the concept of «mentality», which in recent decades has been very actively used in the human sciences. Socio-philosophical understanding of problems ' complex of modern society (socio-economic and political failures and achievements, as well as the possible prospects of development) involves a detailed and in-depth study of the mental bases of occurring and emerging social processes.The need for developing the problem of the mentality is determined by the needs of social and humanitarian sciences: philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, history and others. The materialistic approach to society, that helped to clarify its structure and dynamics, focuses on the disclosure of material conditioning of humans' activities. But any particular historical society is socio-cultural education, and therefore human activity is defined by the social and cultural ties, peculiarities of psychological make-up and others. Studying mentality allows to open new determinants of human behavior on the one hand, and to enrich the content of the subject of philosophy, on the other hand.Mentality as the focus and openness of consciously mental world of the person can be seen as an ontological characteristic feature of human existence. By overrunning bodily and physical existence in the world of multi-dimensional relations, a person is able to engage in various forms of social and cultural process.

У статті розглядається феномен ментальності особистості як системи внутрішніх глибинно-психічних соціально-культурних установок індивіда. Розглядаються та обґрунтовуються ментальний підхід до осмислення феноменів соціально-індивідуального буття. Актуалізуються філософсько-освітні аспекти становлення ментальності особистості й основні «проблемні сторони» сучасної освіти через призму ментального підходу. ; Concepts and categories used in the modern social-humanitarian knowledge for the general and aspect characteristics of phenomena of society's and humans' activities, differing in universality have, nevertheless, certain national-ethnic or ethno-cultural length. This applies to the concept of «mentality», which in recent decades has been very actively used in the human sciences. Socio-philosophical understanding of problems ' complex of modern society (socio-economic and political failures and achievements, as well as the possible prospects of development) involves a detailed and in-depth study of the mental bases of occurring and emerging social processes.The need for developing the problem of the mentality is determined by the needs of social and humanitarian sciences: philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, history and others. The materialistic approach to society, that helped to clarify its structure and dynamics, focuses on the disclosure of material conditioning of humans' activities. But any particular historical society is socio-cultural education, and therefore human activity is defined by the social and cultural ties, peculiarities of psychological make-up and others. Studying mentality allows to open new determinants of human behavior on the one hand, and to enrich the content of the subject of philosophy, on the other hand.Mentality as the focus and openness of consciously mental world of the person can be seen as an ontological characteristic feature of human existence. By overrunning bodily and physical existence in the world of multi-dimensional relations, a person is able to engage in various forms of social and cultural process.

The article analyzes the normative legal acts, scientific views and approaches regarding normative-legal support of competitive selection of scientific-pedagogical workers. The problems of selection of candidates to contest, and especially the emergence of labour relations with scientific-pedagogical workers have been analyzed. It has been highlighted that competitive selection is an important legal tool for the rational selection of personnel and to guarantee the objectivity of business, professional, moral qualities of the applicant for the position. Trends of development of social relations require rethinking of many established positions and approaches in the context of the reform of the education system of Ukraine. The main feature of the work of scientific and pedagogical workers is that, first of all, this is a kind of creative activity, a highly skilled work of the mentoring and training of specialists of higher qualification. Priority in the actual legal composition of the emergence of labor relations with scientific and pedagogical workers is competition. Competitive order of recruitment of scientific-pedagogical workers is of great importance in the selection of the teaching staff, which must possess deep professional knowledge and scientific achievements in the relevant branch of science, to have high moral qualities, to provide training and education of highly qualified specialists. The purpose of this publication is to develop concrete proposals to improve rules on the competitive selection of scientific-pedagogical workers. Today is a great need to improve legislation in the legal regulation of the right to work of scientific-pedagogical workers. And also, it should be understood that the selection process was created to find qualified personnel, which could efficiently carry out its work.

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1979