Suchergebnisse

The creation of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in 1998 marked a substantial advance in the effort to ensure all perpetrators of mass atrocities can be brought to justice. Yet significant resistance to the anti-impunity norm, and the ICC as the implementing institution, has arisen in Africa. The ICC has primarily operated in Africa, and since it sought to indict the sitting Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir in 2008 resistance from both individual African states and the African Union has increased substantially. We draw on the concept of 'norm antipreneurs', and the broader norm dynamics literature, to analyse how resistance has developed and manifested itself, as well as the potential effects of this resistance on the anti-impunity norm. We conclude that the antipreneur concept helped us structure and organise analysis of the case – suggesting it could be usefully deployed in other similar cases – but that this case also suggests that antipreneurs do not always enjoy substantial defensive advantages. We also conclude that African resistance to the ICC has substantially stalled the advance of the anti-impunity norm, a finding that has significant implications for the wider effort to reduce mass atrocity crimes in the contemporary era.

Sudanesische Familien sind komplexe Gestalten mit porösen Grenzen. Sie sind nicht nur durch die Prozesse der Modernisierung und Islamisierung herausgefordert, sondern stehen auch im Mittelpunkt der öffentlichen Diskussion im Lande bezüglich der unterschiedlichen Lesearten der 'Modernität'. Im Rahmen der Familien werden das westliche und das islamische Modernisierungskonzepte selektiv wahrgenommen, neu interpretiert und gemischt: Das Ergebnis ist eine hybride 'Modernität'. Familienmitglieder nehmen Bezug auf die 'moderne' islamische Familie oder auf die traditionelle sudanesische Familie, um ihre Positionen in der Diskussion zu stärken. So ist dieser Kampf in die lokalen Traditionen, in das lokale Wissen und in die moral-ökonomischen Institutionen eingebettet. Diese Instanzen haben alle Entwicklungen kritisch beurteilt, seitdem sich die sudanesische Gesellschaft zu modernisieren versucht. (ICF2)

ÖZET Türkiye'nin güney doğu komşusu olan Kuzey Irak ya da Irak anayasasına göre resmi adıyla Irak Kürdistan Bölgesel Yönetimi (IKBY) son beş yılda Türkiye'nin Ortadoğu'ya açılan tek kara kapısı konumuna gelmiş bulunmaktadır. TUİK'in son beş yıllık ticari rakamlarına bakıldığında Irak, Türkiye'nin (ki burada civarındaki pay IKBY'e aittir), Almanya'dan sonra en büyük ikinci ticaret ortağıdır. Mal, hizmet, insan ve sermaye gibi her türlü ticaret hareketliliğinin olduğu Türkiye ile Kuzey Irak arasında legal ve illegal (kaçakçılık) olmak üzere iki tür yoğun ekonomik ilişki bulunmaktadır. Yaptığımız saha çalışmasında da görüleceği gibi illegal ticaret, legal ticaretten neredeyse daha fazladır. Bunun başlıca sebepleri ise, coğrafi nedenlerden dolayı sınır kontrolünün zorluğu, petrol, sigara ve çay gibi ticari ürünlerde iki taraf için ciddi karlı fiyat farklılığı, komşuluk, ortak dil, akrabalık ilişkileri, IKBY'de özellikle petrolün sudan ucuz olmasına karşın Türkiye'de aşırı pahalı olması…gibi nedenler Türkiye ile Kuzey Irak arasındaki ticaretin başlıca sebeplerini oluşturmaktadır. Bu sürecin hızla geliştiği son onüç yılda Türkiye ile IKBY arasındaki ekonomik ilişkileri güçlendiren iki önemli tarihi süreç yaşanmıştır. İlki 2003 yılı Nisan ayında Saddam Hüseyin'in devrilmesinden sonra Kuzey Irak'ın Irak anayasasına göre IKBY olarak resmi olarak varlığının kabulu, diğeri ise 21 Mart 2013 yılında Türkiye'de PKK ile kırk yıllık silahlı çatışmayı (Temmuz 2015'te fiilen bitmiştir) geçici olarak donduran çözüm süreci. Çalışmamız bu aşamaların ikinci maddesi kapsamında üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci Bölüm: Türkiye ile Irak arasındaki ekonomik, sosyal, tarihsel ve siyasal ilişkiler, İkinci Bölüm: 2002-2013 yılları arasında Türkiye ile IKBY arasındaki ekonomik ilişkiler, Üçüncü Bölüm: Çözüm süreci döneminde (Mart 2013 ve Temmuz 2015) tarihleri arasında Türkiye-IKBY arasındaki ekonomik ilişkiler. Bu çalışmada Türkiye-IKBY arasındaki ekonomik ilişkilerde çözüm sürecinin yeri ve 6 önemi üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu kapsamda hem sahada çalışılmış hem de teorik bilgilerden yararlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada çözüm süreci döneminde (Mart 2013-Temmuz 2015) legal ve illegal (kaçakçılık) yollarla Türkiye ile IKBY arasında ekonomik ilişkilerde ciddi artışlar görülürken, Temmuz 2015 yılından itibaren fiilen ve resmen biten çözüm süreci sonrasında, Güneydoğu'da başlayan silahlı çatışmalar ve Kerkük –Yumurtalık boru hattı, Türkiye-Irak arasındaki ana sınır kapısı konumunda olan Habur sınır kapısı yoluna yapılan saldırılar sonucu Türkiye ile IKBY arasında ekonomik ilişkilerin ciddi kırılmaya uğradığı görülmüştür. Anahtar Kelimeler: Türkiye, IKBY, Çözüm Süreci, Ticaret, Habur Sınır KapısıABSTRACT Iraq Kurdistan Regional Government (IKRG), with its official name according to the constitution of Northern Iraq or Iraq, which is the south eastern neighbor of Turkey, has become Turkey's only land border gateway to the Middle East in the last five years. Iraq is Turkey's second largest trade partner after Germany where about 90% of the shares belong to the IKRG looking at the last five years' trade figures of the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT). There are two types of intensive economic relations between Turkey and Northern Iraq, where goods, services, people and capital have all kinds of trade activity, both legal and illegal (smuggling). Illegal trade is almost more than legal trade as we can see from field work that we did. The main reasons for this are the difficulty of border control due to geographical reasons, the serious profitable price difference for the two sides in commercial products such as petroleum, cigarettes and tea, neighboring, common language, kinship relations, although the oil is especially cheap in IKRG, extremely expensive in Turkey are the main causes of trade between Turkey and Northern Iraq. Two important historical processes have been experienced that strengthen the economic relations between Turkey and IKRG during which this process has developed rapidly in the last thirteen years. The first was the official acceptance of Northern Iraq (as an IKRG under the Iraqi Constitution) after the overthrow of Saddam Hussein in April 2003 and the other is a solution process that temporarily halts the forty-year armed conflict with the PKK in Turkey in March 21, 2013 (actually ended in July 2015). Our work consists of three main parts under the second item of these steps. Chapter One: The economic, social, historical and political relations between Turkey and Iraq, Chapter Two: Economic relations between Turkey and IKRG in 2002-2013, 8 Chapter Three: Economic relations between Turkey and IKRG between March 2013 and July 2015 during the solution process. This study focuses on the place and the importance of the solution process in the economic relations between Turkey and IKRG. In this context, both field work and theoretical information are used. It has been seen that economic relations between Turkey and IKRG have been seriously broken the result of armed conflicts starting in the Southeast and the attack on Kerkuk-Yumurtalık pipeline, the Habur border gate road, which is the main border gate between Turkey and Iraq after the de facto and formally ending solution process since July 2015, while there has been a significant increase in economic relations between Turkey and IKRG through legal and illegal (smuggling) routes during the solution process (March 2013 - July 2015). Key Words: Turkey, IKRG, Solution Process, Trade, Habur Border Gate

1991 Abuja OAU summit: ;A Commemorative Handbook · ; It has been said many times that Africa is the centrepiece of Nigeria's foreignpolicy objectives-in fact, it has been said too many times that the impact and significance of that solemn declaration tends to slide into banality and thecommon place. Yet, nothing can ever replace the resolve of Nigeria, her people and her leaders to ensure that Africa does not only escape from her multifaceted sad problems, but also to rise above the other continents of the world. The radiant smile of the people of any nation or region of Africa has never ceased to gladden the hearts of Nigeria. Every celebration of victory, independence or freedom in any comer of Africa is also celebrated by Nigeria. Nigeria's joy at the independence of Namibia, the continent's newest independent nation is still radiant Our prayers over the eventual and total freedom for all the races in South Africa and the enthronement of majority rule, has notebbedin frequency or intensity. It is our conviction that no Nigerian can consider him or herself happy and contented until every child in Sudan be assured of a secure present and a hopeful future. And since one out of every five Africans is a Nigerian, how can he not regard every comer of the continent as home? How can she not worlc for the prosperity, peace and stability of every part of the continent?. Thus, if Nigeria has decided to show leadership role in the resolution of conflicts everywhere on the continent, even at the expense of the blood and tears of her people (as is the case in Liberia), it is in the belief that Africa should be kept peaceful and stable to ensure development and progress. There is no doubt, therefore, that 1991 was a special year both for Nigeria and Africa. The significance of the Summit of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU)thattookplaceinAbuja,Nigeria'snewcapital,takesalongwithitachain of symbols. First,justlikeAbujais,asymbol ofunityforthe90million Nigerians, the OAU Summit there represented another occasion for the reaffirmation of Africa's unity, especially in these trying times. That reaffinnation was underlined by the.many epoch-making resolutions that were unanimously adopted at the summit The most prominent and outstanding being the African Economic. Community Treaty, the ratification and implementation of which will ensure Africa's recovery and advancement · The Ahuja Summit, also took place at the time of great political changes both in Africa and almost everywhere else within the world, especially with the wind of democracy blowing across the globe. Nigeria is proud to be on the threshold . ofthesedevelopmentsandequallyproudtohavchostedanOAUSummitwhere 17 Africans unanimously resolved to be a part of this global wind of change. More importantly, the 1991 OAU summit at Abuja was a fitting tribute to our beloved President Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida whose record of assistance to the needy African states is unparalled, just as his roles in conflict resolution on . the continent is unprecendented. The Abuja Summit was, therefore, Nigerias', and by extension President Babangida's fmest hour. Further, the Summit was a great tribute to his foresight and determination to work together with other African leaders and patriots, ih a noble attempt to leave a better future for our children. It is also significant that Abuja played host to Africa before the movement of the seat of government of Nigeria to this resplendent capital. This symbolises President Babangida Administration's commitment to the centrality of African interests in our national affairs - interests which Nigeria is always willing to promote at the expense of her own interest and comfert. There is therefore no greater way to ensure that the epoch-making 1991 OA U Summit at Abuja and all that it means in concrete and symbolic terms, are passed on from generation to generation, than through a careful and systematic documentation of the words and deeds of the actors at the summit- a document that gives a historical glance on the OAU itself,dwellson the 1991 SummitatAbuja, and projects into the future of Africa and her people. Our children and those yet unborn have an inalienable right to know how far their parents struggled in the fight to win the body and soul of Africa for Africans. The Commemorative Handbook on the 1991 Abuja OAU Summit attempts to do all th.ese and more . . More importantly, it is a glowing recognition of the achievements of the Ibrahim Babangida' s Administration in the arena of international relations. The Handbook pays tribute to the towering performance of President Babangida, when he took Africa's case to the 46th Session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York in 1991 and received a standing ovation for his brilliant presentation of Africa's case. · It is my hope that this Commemorative Handbook on the events at the Abuja Summit will aid in the greater understanding and appreciation of the great lengths to which the Ibrahim Babangida Administration has gone to ensure self-respect for Africa. 18 Alhaji Aliyu Mohammed (Wazi

Today's diplomacy is an ambiguous phenomenon which involves many diverse tools and actions undertaken by national and international actors. Diplomacy is undoubtedly one of a key element of international peace and security as it enables disputes and conflicts to be prevented . There is a host of measures and instruments that can be exercised at any stage of a crisis, among which are special political missions. This paper is an attempt to discuss the nature and role of a special political mission in preventive actions. The main attention is paid to the missions established by the United Nations and by the European Union. The considerations resulted in listing strengths of the special political missions and in identifying the challenges that should be faced in order to increase an effectiveness of the missions. ; University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Law and Administration, Institute of Law, International Law and European Law, Poland ; PhD at Institute of Law, International Law and European Law, Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Silesia in Katowice ; malgorzata.myl@us.edu.pl ; 9 ; 25 ; 2 ; A/RES/43/51 (1988, December 5). Declaration on the Prevention and Removal of Disputes and Situations Which May Threaten International Peace and Security and on the Role of the United Nations in this Field. ; A/47/277 (1992, January 31). An Agenda for Peace: Preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peace-keeping. ; A/RES/47/120B (1993, September 20). An Agenda for Peace. ; A/RES/48/42 (1993, December 10). Comprehensive review of the whole question of peace – keeping operations in all their aspects. ; A/50/60 (1995, January 25). The Supplement to an Agenda for Peace: Position Paper of the Secretary-General on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations. ; A/54/1 (1999, August 31). Report of the Secretary-General on the Work of the Organization. ; A/66/340 (2011, October 12). Report of the Secretary-General on Review of arrangements for funding and backstopping special political missions. ; A/RES/70/1 (2015, September 25). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. ; A/RES/70/262 (2016, April 27). Review of the United Nations peacebuilding architecture. ; A/72/525 (2017, October 13). Report of the Secretary-General on Restructuring of the United Nations peace and security pillar. ; A/72/707 (2018, January 18). Report of the Secretary-General on peacebuilding and sustaining peace. ; A/RES/74/6(sec.3)/Add.1 (2019, June 19). Resolution of the United Nations General Assembly. ; Banim, G., & Pejsova, E. (2017). The EU and preventive diplomacy: from policy to practice. In G. Banim & E. Pejsova (Eds.), Prevention better than cure: the EU's quiet diplomacy in Asia. ; ISSUE Report No. 33. Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved from https://www.iss.europa.eu/sites/default/files/EUISSFiles/Report%2033_0.pdf. ; Bunche, R. (1960, March 25). Ralph Bunche statement to the 11th General Assembly of the International Press Institute. Report of the Secretary-General on Overall policy matters pertaining to special political missions, A/68/223. ; Cîrlig, C.-C. (2016). Financing of CSDP missions and operations. European Parliamentary Research Service. PE577.958. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2016/577958/EPRS_ATA(2016)577958_EN.pdf. ; CSDP (2017). Women in CSDP missions. Policy Department for External Relations, Directorate-General for External Policies. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2017/603855/EXPO_STU(2017)603855_EN.pdf. ; CSDP (2020). CSDP Missions and Operations. Policy Department for External Relations, European Parliament's Sub-Committee on Security and Defence. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2020/603481/EXPO_IDA(2020)603481_EN.pdf. ; EEAS (2019). EU CSDP missions and operations for human security. European External Action Service. Retrieved from https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage_en/430/Military%20and%20civilian%20missions%20and%20operations. ; EEAS (2020). Annual Activity Report 2019. European External Action Service. Retrieved from https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/eeas_annual_activity_report_2019_-_final_for_web.pdf. ; EU Global Strategy (2016). Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe. A Global Strategy for the European Union's Foreign And Security Policy. Retrieved from https://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/top_stories/pdf/eugs_review_web.pdf. ; Evans, G. (1994). Współpraca dla Pokoju. Agenda na lata 90. i następne [Cooperating for Peace:The Global Agenda for the 1990s and Beyond]. Warszawa: Polski Instytut Spraw Międzynarodowych. ; Faleg, G. (2018). The EU: from comprehensive to integrated approach. Global Affairs, 4(2–3), 171-183. https://doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2018.1492877. ; Gowan, R. (2011). Multilateral Political Missions and Preventive Diplomacy: Special Report. New York: United States Institute of Peace. Retrieved from https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/resources/SR299.pdf. ; Guterres, A. (2017a). Secretary-General António Guterres addresses the Security Council ministerial-level open debate on conflict prevention and sustaining peace. New York: United Nations. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/speeches/2017-01-10/secretary-generals-remarks-maintenance-international-peace-and. ; Guterres, A. (2017b). The vision of the Secretary-General on Prevention, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.antonioguterres.gov.pt/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/antonio-guterres-vision-statement.pdf. ; Hamilton, K., & Langhorne, R. (2010). The Practice of Diplomacy: Its Evolution, Theory and Administration. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203841891. ; Højstrup G.Ch., Kammel, A., Norvanto, E., Ruohomäki, J.J., Mandrup, T., & Rodt, A.P. (2017). Successes and Shortfalls of European Union Common Security and Defence Policy Missions in Africa: Libya, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic. Copenhagen: Royal Danish Defence College. Retrieved from https://pure.fak.dk/files/7353983/Successes_and_Shortfalls_04.pdf. ; Howorth, J. (2014). Security and Defence Policy in the European Union. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ; Jakobsen, P.V. (2009). Small States, Big Influence: The Overlooked Nordic Influence on the Civilian ESDP. Journal of Common Market Studies, 47(1), 81-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2008.01833.x. ; Jenca, M. (2013). The Concept of Preventive Diplomacy and Its Application by the United Nations in Central Asia. Security and Human Rights, 24(2), 183-194. https://doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02402009. ; Jentleson, B.J. (2000), Preventive Diplomacy: A Conceptual and Analytic Framework. In B.J. Jentleson (Ed.), Opportunities Missed, Opportunities Seized. Preventive Diplomacy in Post-Cold War World, New York: Carnegie Corporation of New York. Retrieved from https://media.carnegie.org/filer_public/9e/43/9e435fc8-f8fd-4764-aabd-2c8eba103b38/ccny_book_1999_opportunities.pdf. ; Johnstone, I. (2010). Emerging Doctrine for Political Missions. In R. Gowan (Ed.), Review of Political Missions 2010. A project of the Center on International Cooperation. New York: NYU Center on International Cooperation. Retrieved from https://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/political_missions_2010_full.pdf. ; Kugel, A. (2011). No Helmets, Just Suits: Political Missions as an Instrument of the United Nations Security Council for Civilian Conflicts Managements. Berlin: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. Retrieved from https://peaceoperationsreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/rel_pub_2011_kugel_helmets.pdf. ; Leader, J.E. (2020). From Hope to Horror: Diplomacy and the Making of Rwanda Genocide. Nebraska: University Nebraska Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvw1d65n. ; Lee, D., & Hocking, B. (2011). Diplomacy. In B. Badie, D. Berg-Schlosser & L. Morlino, International Encyclopedia of Political Science. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Pub. Inc. ; Luthuli, A., & Ntsaluba, A. (2012). Reflections on Africa in the light of the legacies of Dag Hammarskjold and Albert Luthuli. In T. Sellstrom (Ed.), Albert Luthuli and Dag Hammarskjold –Leaders and Visionaries (pp. 9-15). Sweden: The Nordic Africa Institute. Retrieved from http://www.daghammarskjold.se/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/FULLTEXT01.pdf. ; Mahmoud, Y., Makoond, A., & Naik, A. (2018). Entrepreneurship for Sustaining Peace. In Y. Mahmoud, L. Connolly & D. Mechoulan (Eds.), Sustaining Peace in Practice: Building on What Works. New York: International Peace Institute. Retreived from https://www.ipinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/1802_Sustaining-Peace-in-Practice.pdf. ; McGovern, M., & Batmanglich, S. (2010). Independent Review of the UN Office for West Africa, annex to a letter dated 10 December 2010 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council. UN Document S/2010/693. ; Rodt, A.P. (2017). Effectiveness in Operational Conflict Prevention: How Should We Measure It in EU Missions and Operations? In E. Norvanto & H. Dumur-Laanila (Eds.), Seminar Publication on Contemporary Peace Operations – From theory to practice. Based on EAPTC Seminar 2-4 May 2017 Helsinki. Articles from the European Peace Training Community (pp. 79-86). Helsinki: Finnish Defence Forces International Centre. Retrieved from https://www.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/143913/EAPTC_Seminar%20Publication.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y. ; Ramcharan, B.G. (2008). Preventive Diplomacy at the UN. Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. ; Res. 186(S-2) (1948, May 14). Resolution of the United Nations General Assembly. ; S/2001/394 (2001, April 20). Report of the United Nations Secretary-General: No Exit Without Strategy: Security Council decision-making and the closure or transition of United Nations peacekeeping operations. ; S/2011/527 (2011, August 19). Report of the Secretary-General on Civilian Capacity in the Aftermath of Conflict. ; S/2011/552 (2011, August 26). Report of the Secretary-General on Preventive Diplomacy: Delivering Results. ; S/RES/1325/2000 (2010, October 31). Resolution on Women and Peace and Security. ; S/RES/2282 (2016, April 27). The resolution of the United Nations Security Council adopted at its 7680th meeting. ; Salto, H. (2003). Containing conflict. Cases in preventive diplomacy. Washington: Brookings Institute Press. ; Sellwood, E. (2008). The Role of the United Nations in Middle East Conflict Prevention. New York: Centre on International Cooperation. Retrieved from https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/AB1CF70D4A5E74A4492575EC0005FECA-Full_Report.pdf. ; Slim, H. (2007). A Guide to Mediation: Enabling Peace Processes in Violent Conflicts. Geneva: Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. Retrieved from http://www.hdcentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/83Guidedelamediation-February-2008.pdf. ; Sokalski, H.J. (2003). An Ounce of Prevention: Macedonia and the UN Experience in Preventive Diplomacy. Washington: USIP Press Books. ; Stankiewicz, W. (2009). Dyplomacja prewencyjna jako środek utrzymania ładu na kontynencie europejskim [Preventive diplomacy as a means of maintaining order on the European continent]. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio K, Politologia, 16(1), 47-65. Retrieved from https://bazhum.muzhp.pl/media//files/Annales_Universitatis_Mariae_Curie_Sklodowska_Sectio_K_Politologia/Annales_Universitatis_Mariae_Curie_Sklodowska_Sectio_K_Politologia-r2009-t16-n1/Annales_Universitatis_Mariae_Curie_Sklodowska_Sectio_K_Politologia-r2009-t16-n1-s47-65/Annales_Universitatis_Mariae_Curie_Sklodowska_Sectio_K_Politologia-r2009-t16-n1-s47-65.pdf. ; UN SC Resolution 1233 (1999, April 6) on the situation in Guinea-Bissau. ; UN SC Resolution 1401 (2002, March 28) on situation in Afghanistan. ; UN SC Resolution 1959 (2010, December 16) on the situation in Burundi. ; UN SC Resolution 2009 (2011, September 16) on situation in Libya. ; UN SC Resolution 2102 (2013, May 2) on situation in Somalia. ; Tlałka, K. (2014). Międzynarodowe wysiłki polityczne i militarne na rzecz stabilizacji państw dysfunkcyjnych [International political and military efforts to stabilize dysfunctional states]. In R. Kłosowicz (Ed.), Państwa dysfunkcyjne i międzynarodowe wysiłki zmierzające do ich naprawy (pp. 203-244). Kraków: Wyd. Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. ; UN DPKO & UN DFS (2020, February 1). Guidelines on police administration in the United Nations peacekeeping operations and special political missions. Retrieved from https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/4._rule_of_law_-_9_police_administration.pdf. ; UN DPPA (2012). Special political missions start-up guide. The United Nations Department of Political Affairs. Retrieved from https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/SPMStartupGuide_UNDPA2012.pdf. ; UN SG (2013). Report of the Secretary General on United Nations Political Missions, pursuant to Resolution 67/123. ; Williams, A. (2013). An Imperative for Preventing Deadly Conflict. The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 37(3), 25-33. Retrieved from https://static1.squarespace.com/static/579fc2ad725e253a86230610/t/57ec79da2994ca3021e02861/1475115489292/Williams-FA.pdf. ; Wróblewska-Łysik, M. (2016). Europejska Strategia Globalna a możliwości współpracy Unii Europejskiej z NATO po szczycie w Warszawie [European Global Strategy and the possibilities of cooperation between the European Union and NATO after the Warsaw Summit]. Bezpieczeństwo Narodowe, 37-40(1-4), 67-83. Retrieved from https://www.bbn.gov.pl/ftp/dok/03/37-40_KBN_Wroblewska.pdf. ; 4

AMÉRICA LATINALópez Obrador acusa al PRI de comprar cinco millones de votos.Para más información: http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2012-07/10/content_15565230.htm http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/07/world/americas/mexico-elections/index.html http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/07/09/actualidad/1341854235_769141.html http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/lpez-obrador-pedir-la-nulidad-de-las-elecciones-en-mxico_12013582-4 http://worldnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/05/12570126-mexicos-president-elect-shrugs-off-claims-of-vast-vote-buying-coercion-in-election?lite http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/09/world/americas/mexico-election/index.html?hpt=wo_c2 Masiva marcha en México para condenar el triunfo del PRI.Para más información: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1488821-masiva-marcha-en-mexico-para-condenar-el-triunfo-del-pri http://worldnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/08/12622028-tens-of-thousands-protest-in-mexico-against-president-elect-alleging-vote-fraud?lite http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/06/world/americas/mexico-elections/index.html http://www.lemonde.fr/ameriques/article/2012/07/09/mexique-les-manifestations-hostiles-au-nouveau-president-continuent_1731173_3222.html http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/07/08/actualidad/1341710466_799097.html Legislativas mexicanas: PRI tendrá poco margen de maniobra. Para más información: http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/07/11/internacional/internacional/noticias/B0D5AED1-A987-48D9-8D05-5C606ADE78C2.htm?id={B0D5AED1-A987-48D9-8D05-5C606ADE78C2} Hallan 43 muertos en distintas partes de México, 7 de ellos policías.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/muertos-en-mxico_12016401-4 http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/onze-pessoas-morrem-em-emboscada-no-norte-do-mexico-5434512#ixzz20DVo0c4yHuracán Emilia se acerca con fuerza a costas mexicanas. Para más información: http://usnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/10/12660912-emilia-becomes-powerful-category-4-hurricane-off-mexico?lite http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/10/world/americas/pacific-hurricanes/index.html Argentina condena a 50 años de cárcel al dictador Videla por el robo de bebés. Para más información: http://worldnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/06/12592712-wasnt-just-one-or-two-children-ex-argentine-dictators-jailed-for-baby-thefts?lite http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/07/05/actualidad/1341478049_436607.html http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/05/world/americas/argentina-baby-theft-trial/index.html Sin apoyo externo, el paraguayo Franco afronta ahora el aislamiento interno.Para más información: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1488915-sin-apoyo-externo-franco-afronta-ahora-el-aislamiento-interno http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1489390-los-colorados-preparan-su-regreso#comentar http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/paraguay-es-un-pas-en-soledad_12010505-4 Descarta la OEA suspender a Paraguay y critica al Mercosur.Para más información: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1489389-descarta-la-oea-suspender-a-paraguay-y-critica-al-mercosur#comentar http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/insulza-rechaza-suspender-a-paraguay-de-la-oea_12017170-4 http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/07/11/internacional/internacional/noticias/5FFD5269-B04F-4517-A7C3-746DC07E0CE4.htm?id={5FFD5269-B04F-4517-A7C3-746DC07E0CE4} Mercosur hace frente a la doctrina de Hugo Chávez.Para más información: http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/mercosul-testa-doutrina-de-hugo-chavez-5433450 Caracas cede cada vez más el control de su industria petrolera a China.Para más información: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1489118-caracas-cede-cada-vez-mas-el-control-de-su-industria- Lula a Chávez: "Tu victoria será nuestra victoria".Para más información: http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/07/07/actualidad/1341623066_440627.html http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1488742-fuerte-respaldo-de-lula-a-chavezChávez dice que se encuentra "totalmente libre" del cáncer.Para más información: http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/chavez-diz-que-esta-totalmente-livre-do-cancer-voltou-correr-5431942#ixzz20DVaaC8w http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/48127346/ns/world_news-americas/#.T_1cD5HMqw5 http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1489116-chavez-dice-que-se-encuentra-totalmente-libre-del-cancer#comentarCierran una radio opositora en Ecuador. Para más información: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1488743-cierran-una-radio-opositora-en-ecuador Nicaragua busca tener canal interoceánico. Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/nicaragua-busca-tener-canal-interocenico_12012306-4 Dilma alienta el consumo de productos nacionales.Para más información: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1488945-dilma-alienta-el-consumo-de-productos-nacionales Preocupación en Cuba por un nuevo brote de cólera.Para más información: http://worldnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/10/12656866-cholera-kills-at-least-3-in-cuba-bad-water-wells-blamed?lite http://america-latina.blog.lemonde.fr/2012/07/09/cuba-retour-sur-laffaire-padilla/ http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1489344-preocupacion-en-cuba-por-un-nuevo-brote-de-colera#comentar Ejército abandona las favelas que fueron bastión de los narcos en Río de Janeiro.Para más información: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1489115-el-ejercito-abandona-las-favelas-que-fueron-bastion-de-los-narcos-en-rio-de-janeiro#comentar http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/la-singular-estrategia-de-paz-en-las-favelas-de-ro_12010831-4 http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/07/11/internacional/internacional/noticias/AC562F1F-46DC-40DE-A2FF-7BE82BDAA16C.htm?id={AC562F1F-46DC-40DE-A2FF-7BE82BDAA16C} Bolivia estatizará concesión de plata.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/bolivia-estatizar-concesin-de-plata_12016287-4 http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/07/09/actualidad/1341821141_720801.html Ascenso de los evangélicos en Brasil, el país más católico del mundo.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/ascenso-de-los-evanglicos-en-brasil-el-pas-ms-catlico-del-mundo_12013663-4 Argentina: se concreta fractura de central obrera. Para más información: http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/07/11/internacional/internacional/noticias/F9138ADB-53CD-4D1C-B393-5251B78854B1.htm?id={F9138ADB-53CD-4D1C-B393-5251B78854B1} Indígenas colombianos se enfrentan al ejército. Para más información: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-18791301ESTADOS UNIDOS / CANADÁ Obama estancado en un empate con Mitt Romney. Para más información: http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/07/11/internacional/_portada/noticias/CC8294A8-6DEC-4BB7-B791-EA60DE261C19.htm?id={CC8294A8-6DEC-4BB7-B791-EA60DE261C19} http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/no-mes-em-que-mais-arrecadou-obama-segue-atras-de-opositor-5432399#ixzz20DVzysuaObama va por extensión de reducción de impuestos.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/estados-unidos/obama-pide-terminar-con-rebajas-fiscales-a-ricos_12013882-4 http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/estados-unidos/barack-obama-propone-que-los-ms-adinerados-se-metan-la-mano-al-bolsillo_12016285-4 http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1489101-obama-pide-que-la-clase-media-pague-menos-impuestos#comentar http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/obama-insiste-em-imposto-maior-para-ricos-5433578 http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2012-07/11/content_15567815.htm Obama mantiene la ventaja en doce estados clave de cara a las elecciones.Para más información: http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/07/09/actualidad/1341852907_521683.html http://elpais.com/tag/elecciones_eeuu_2012/a/ Romney lidera en la recaudación de fondos.Para más información: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1489102-romney-lidera-en-la-recaudacion-de-fondos#comentar Hillary Clinton visita Laos . Para más información: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-18792282Peor incendio en la historia del estado de Colorado, casi bajo control.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/estados-unidos/peor-incendio-en-la-historia-de-estado-de-colorado_12011204-4Congresista estadounidense homosexual contrae matrimonio.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/estados-unidos/congresista-estadounidense-homosexual-contrae-matrimonio_12015133-4EUROPAItalia no descarta pedir un rescate a la Unión Europea. Para más información: http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2012-07/11/content_15568009.htm http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1489387-tambien-italia-abrio-las-puertas-a-un-rescate#comentar http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1489497-italia-no-descarta-pedir-un-rescate-a-la-ue#comentarRajoy lanza nuevos recortes para combatir el déficit. Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/europa/ayuda-del-eurogrupo-a-espaa-hasta-100000-millones-de-euros_12017462-4 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18792427 http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1489110-presionada-por-la-ue-espana-ajusta-mas#comentar A cambio del rescate Madrid debe renunciar al control de sus bancos. Para más información: http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/858086.html http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1489421-la-ue-avanza-sobre-espana-y-le-recorta-soberania#comentar Diversos medios hacen referencia a la crisis económica europea.Para más información: http://www.economist.com/node/21558257 http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1489112-bajo-la-lupa-los-lideres-tambien-se-aprietan-el-cinturon#comentar http://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2012/07/09/le-mes-un-fmi-a-l-europeenne-qui-doit-encore-trouver-sa-place_1731118_3234.html Grecia continúa haciendo frente a medidas de austeridad. Para más información: http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-greece-resignation-20120710,0,1715490.storyParís y Berlín quieren refundar Unión Europea. Para más información: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/09/world/europe/germany-and-france-celebrate-their-bond.html?ref=world&gwh=F31516EB7E884932259193FE0B5E9652 http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/07/08/actualidad/1341743167_271675.html 54 migrantes africanos mueren en intento por cruzar a Italia. Para más información: http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2012-07/11/content_15567645.htm http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18794548 Más de 140 personas mueren por causa de fuertes lluvias en Rusia.Para más información: http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/09/world/europe/russia-floods/index.html?hpt=wo_c2 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/09/world/europe/putin-tours-flood-stricken-black-sea-region.html?ref=world&gwh=6533565A0D4BC183840BD4138B5015EB http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/mais-de-140-pessoas-morrem-por-causa-de-chuvas-no-sul-da-russia-5417115#ixzz20DYdU1OE http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/07/08/actualidad/1341741179_622677.html La UE alerta que Al Qaeda tiene misiles para derribar aviones en el Sahel.Para más información: http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/07/07/actualidad/1341696955_789895.htmlEta mantiene renuncia a las armas, pero cuestiona que no haya diálogo.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/europa/estrasburgo-se-opone-a-la-doctrina-parot-y-pide-excarcelar-a-una-etarra_12016481-4 http://www.lemonde.fr/europe/article/2012/07/09/eta-accuse-paris-et-madrid-de-bloquer-le-dialogue_1731169_3214.html http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/europa/eta-mantiene-renuncia-a-las-armas-y-dice-que-madrid-y-pars-no-avanzan-hacia-el-dilogo_12012484-4 Rusia hace ejercicios con buques de guerra en el Mar Negro. Para más información: http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2012-07/11/content_15567096.htmReinician juicio contra Mladic en La Haya.Para más información: http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/internacional/78575.html http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/48144578/ns/world_news-europe/#.T_1b1ZHMqw5 http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/06/19/actualidad/1340065013_444531.html http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/testemunha-descreve-massacre-em-julgamento-de-ratko-mladic-5427938#ixzz20DYvURT2 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18795203Alemania reformará los servicios secretos tras el escándalo de grupo neonazi.Para más información: http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/07/08/actualidad/1341739420_437202.html Gran Bretaña vota una histórica reforma de la Cámara de los Lores.Para más información: http://worldnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/09/12637862-london-bomber-widow-samantha-lewthwaite-recruiting-female-terror-squads-in-somalia?lite http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-britain-lords-20120711,0,2351369.story http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1489216-gran-bretana-vota-una-historica-reforma-de-la-camara-de-los-lores#comentar http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-russia-floods-20120708,0,3779381.storyLondres se prepara para las Olimpíadas. Para más información: http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/07/11/internacional/internacional/noticias/C66745FA-E3AF-4BBB-B255-BDBE47981E4E.htm?id={C66745FA-E3AF-4BBB-B255-BDBE47981E4E} http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/05/world/europe/uk-security-incident/index.html?hpt=wo_bn9 Los mineros españoles protestan contra los recortes con una "marcha negra" por Madrid.Para más información: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1489403-los-mineros-espanoles-protestan-contra-los-recortes-con-una-marcha-negra-por-madrid#comentar Los bosques radiactivos de Chernobyl, una bomba dormida. Para más información: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1489052-los-bosques-radiactivos-de-chernobyl-una-bomba-dormida#comentar Según autoridades rusas dejarían de vender armas a Siria. Para más información: http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/russia-vai-suspender-venda-de-armas-para-siria-diz-autoridade-5426247#ixzz20DYau3Lt Hollande lanza una cumbre social para reformar el modelo francés.Para más información: http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/07/09/actualidad/1341840770_252931.html ASIA- PACÍFICO/ MEDIO ORIENTEKofi Annan asegura que acordó un nuevo plan de paz con régimen sirio.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/medio-oriente/siria-acuerdan-nuevo-plan-de-paz-con-bashar-al-asad_12012983-4 http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2012-07/11/content_15567761.htm http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/internacional/78574.html http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/10/world/middleeast/bashar-al-assad-meets-with-kofi-annan.html?ref=world&gwh=24DB32B019FC2DE1935A2D140E746CBF Assad afirma que no va a terminar como Gadafi o Mubarak. Para más información: http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/assad-diz-nao-temer-destino-de-kadafi-ou-mubarak-5430021#ixzz20DZ4cIsS Annan busca apoyo de Irán e Irak frente a crisis siria. Para más información: http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/07/11/internacional/internacional/noticias/FE35F23F-BA99-40AE-890B-B7178FA2CA68.htm?id={FE35F23F-BA99-40AE-890B-B7178FA2CA68} http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/07/09/actualidad/1341816579_934773.html Repudio internacional por ejecución pública de joven afgana acusada de adulterio.Para más información: http://worldnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/09/12639235-unspeakable-cruelty-outrage-grows-after-afghan-womans-execution-caught-on-video?lite http://worldnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/08/12627795-us-afghan-officials-condemn-public-execution-of-afghan-woman?lite http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1489214-conmocion-por-el-brutal-asesinato-en-publico-de-una-mujer-en-afganistan#comentar http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/afeganistao-video-mostra-mulher-sendo-executada-por-adulterio-5422494#ixzz20DYyNkmQ http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/08/world/asia/afghanistan-public-execution/index.html?hpt=wo_c2 Irán prueba misiles.Para más información: http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2012-07/11/content_15567884.htm http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/01/world/meast/iran-missiles/index.html?hpt=wo_bn11 China desafía al mundo e invierte 20.000 millones de dólares en Irán.Para más información: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1489014-china-iran-inversiones#comentar China advierte freno en economía.Para más información: http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-china-slowdown-20120710,0,3626338.story http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1488944-china-advierte-que-se-frena-su-economia#comentar http://www.economist.com/node/21558307Japón y China en disputa por una isla. Para más información: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-18792556 http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-afghan-roadside-bombing-20120709,0,7742430.story Ataque en Afganistán mata a 6 militares estadounidenses.Para más información: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/10/world/asia/gunmen-in-pakistan-kill-6-soldiers-and-a-policeman.html?ref=world&gwh=883D5C77A6960B664276A9D77BEB75D2 http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-china-slowdown-20120710,0,3626338.story http://worldnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/08/12627789-6-us-soldiers-killed-in-roadside-bomb-attack-in-eastern-afghanistan?lite Los aliados darán a Afganistán 13.000 millones de ayuda en tres años.Para más información: http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/07/08/actualidad/1341757800_037533.html http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/09/world/asia/afghanistan-is-pledged-16-billion-for-civilian-needs.html?ref=world&gwh=716276436265F935ACD6ADED912FE74D Sacerdote preso por desafiar al gobierno chino. Para más información: http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/07/11/internacional/internacional/noticias/A946EE57-B9C4-4F25-8083-B5F0028742AB.htm?id={A946EE57-B9C4-4F25-8083-B5F0028742AB} El 'tercer sexo' será oficializado por medio de una ley en Nepal.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/asia/ley-oficializara-el-tercer-sexo-en-nepal-_12016981-4 Aung San Suu Kyi mantiene su asiento en parlamento de Myanmar.Para más información: http://photoblog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/09/12638373-aung-san-suu-kyi-takes-her-seat-in-myanmar-parliament?lite Trabajadores de medios surcoreanos en huelga por independencia de medios de comunicación.Para más información: http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-korea-media-strike-20120711,0,5422254.story"CNN" analiza qué pueden aprender los líderes japoneses de la crisis nuclear en Fukushima.Para más información: http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/06/opinion/takeshita-fukushima-management/index.html?hpt=wo_bn7ÁFRICAEl Constitucional egipcio censura al presidente por restablecer el Parlamento.Para más información: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/10/world/middleeast/egypt-tension-after-order-to-reconvene-parliament.html?_r=1&ref=world&gwh=9D2DE4022C04A357E903195CA2BC3A53 http://www.economist.com/blogs/newsbook/2012/07/libyas-electionhttp://www.economist.com/blogs/newsbook/2012/07/egypts-politics http://worldnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/10/12659862-future-constitution-at-heart-of-egypt-power-struggle?lite http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-egypt-parliament-20120711,0,7892069.story http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/09/world/meast/egypt-politics/index.html?hpt=wo_c2 Desafío de Morsi a los militares egipcios.Para más información: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1488914-desafio-de-morsi-a-los-militares-egipcios http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/06/23/world/middleeast/The-Leaders-of-The-Egyptian-Military-Council.html?ref=world&gwh=4BFBFEBC95E1F52E7DA308015B315475 http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2012-07/11/content_15568011.htm http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/07/08/actualidad/1341760888_873837.html Se aleja en Libia el fantasma islamista: ganan los liberales. Para más información: http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2012-07/11/content_15568011.htm http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18799065 http://www.economist.com/blogs/newsbook/2012/07/libyas-election http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1488910-se-aleja-en-libia-el-fantasma-islamista-ganan-los-liberales http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/48111019/ns/world_news-mideast_n_africa/#.T_1btpHMqw5 http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/09/world/africa/libya-election/index.html?hpt=wo_c2 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/09/world/africa/libya-election-latest-results.html?ref=world&gwh=5D6E6EFEE759B5007C364EE0B568B654 http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/07/09/actualidad/1341843623_669452.html "MSNBC" analiza: 120 doctores para 8 millones de personas en Sudán del Sur.Para más información: http://photoblog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/10/12658825-120-doctors-for-8-million-people-south-sudans-health-care-gap?liteCorte Penal Internacional condena a 14 años a líder rebelde congoleño.Para más información: http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/07/11/internacional/internacional/noticias/C11C434B-39A6-4F8C-979C-A797628DB0B7.htm?id={C11C434B-39A6-4F8C-979C-A797628DB0B7} http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/07/11/internacional/_portada/noticias/8745E475-BD7D-4163-9597-EB71364AE508.htm?id={8745E475-BD7D-4163-9597-EB71364AE508}OTRASEl FMI advirtió que la desaceleración de Brasil, China y la India frenarán aún más elcrecimiento este año, que será inferior al esperado. Para más información: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1488508-duro-pronostico-para-la-economia-global"The Economist" presenta su informe semanal: "Business this week". Para más información: http://www.economist.com/node/21558323

AMÉRICA LATINAHuracán Ernesto golpea costas latinoamericanas.Para más información: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-19161991 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/48547729/ns/weather/#.UCHRrqDMqw4 http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/862872.html http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/06/world/americas/tropical-weather/index.html?hpt=wo_c2Brasil emprende una purga histórica: la justicia pone en marcha el mayor juicio contra la corrupción.Para más información: http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/02/world/americas/brazil-corruption-trial/index.html?hpt=wo_bn8 http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/08/02/actualidad/1343896640_718618.html http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-brazil-feud-20120805,0,7450497.story Aumentan las deportaciones de guatemaltecos desde Estados Unidos y México.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/aumentan-las-deportaciones-de-guatemaltecos-desde-eeuu-y-mxico_12097444-4La muerte de un obispo argentino persigue a Videla.Para más información: http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/08/05/actualidad/1344123707_429512.htmlMéxico: 83 mil muertos por violencia narco. Para más información: http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/08/06/internacional/internacional/noticias/83952799-D1C3-44FA-A1FA-0CC735028829.htm?id={83952799-D1C3-44FA-A1FA-0CC735028829} http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news.com=1^30=Visit%20Type%20to%20Content=Earned%20to%20Mixed=1&__utmk=156510584Un mes después de los comicios, la guerra electoral sigue en México.Para más información: http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/08/03/actualidad/1343948993_785278.htmlAbuelas de Mayo encuentran al hijo número 106 desaparecido durante la dictadura argentina.Para más información: http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/avos-de-maio-encontram-106-filho-de-desaparecido-na-ditadura-5715080#ixzz22v3yejZh Ex Presidente paraguayo Lugo dice que podría ser candidato en 2013. Para más información: http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/08/06/internacional/internacional/noticias/E59F987C-EF61-489D-91CD-32E845208D25.htm?id={E59F987C-EF61-489D-91CD-32E845208D25} Brasil retrocede en la protección de la Amazonia.Para más información: http://photoblog.nbcnews.com/_news/cnews.com=1^30=Visit%20Type%20to%20Content=Earned%20to%20Mixed=1&__utmk=156510584 "El País" de Madrid analiza: "La Iglesia, oposición en Sudamérica".Para más información: http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/08/03/actualidad/1344007108_431382.html Chile inicia la expulsión de 720 presos extranjeros.Para más información: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1497216-chile-inicia-la-expulsion-de-720-presos-extranjeros#comentar Un crimen pone en vilo a la embajada de Venezuela en Kenia y salpica a Chávez.Para más información: http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/quenia-investiga-elo-entre-trafico-morte-de-diplomata-venezuelana-5712477#ixzz22v3rid17 http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1497101-un-crimen-pone-en-vilo-a-la-embajada-de-venezuela-en-kenia-y-salpica-a-chavezFernández compara a Europa con la Argentina del 'corralito'.Para más información: http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/08/03/actualidad/1343961843_982301.html Ministro de Finanzas hondureño renuncia tras arresto a su esposa.Para más información: http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/02/world/americas/honduras-finance-minister/index.html?hpt=wo_bn8 Apoyo a Santos cae diez puntos y llega al 43,9%. Para más información: http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-colombia-santos-20120802,0,6099586.story http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/08/06/internacional/internacional/noticias/0F68A2E0-6A00-462B-9EBC-BC6C0457BF7C.htm?id={0F68A2E0-6A00-462B-9EBC-BC6C0457BF7C}Viajeros argentinos tendrán más restricciones para comprar dólares.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/argentinos-con-ms-restricciones-para-comprar-dlares_12104607-4Giro de la Argentina en la relación con Damasco.Para más información: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1496976-giro-de-la-argentina-en-la-relacion-con-damasco#comentar Estados Unidos sanciona a socios de capo mexicano 'Chapo' Guzmán en Belice.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/estados-unidos/ee-uu-sanciona-a-socios-de-capo-mexicano-chapo-guzmn-en-belice_12105924-4Descarrilamiento de tren deja decenas de heridos en Argentina.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/descarrilamiento-de-tren-deja-decenas-de-heridos-en-argentina_12102261-4ESTADOS UNIDOS / CANADÁNuevo tiroteo deja siete muertos en templo sij en Estados Unidos. Para más información: http://www.lemonde.fr/ameriques/article/2012/08/06/le-tueur-du-wisconsin-etait-un-supremaciste-blanc_1743010_3222.html http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/estados-unidos/matanza-en-templo-indigna-a-ee-uu_12099103-4 http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/policia-tratara-atentado-em-templo-sikh-como-terrorismo-domestico-5696705#ixzz22v3jpmi7 http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1496969-un-ex-militar-fue-el-autor-de-la-masacre-en-el-templo-de-eeuu#comentar http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/862926.html http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/08/06/internacional/_portada/noticias/E26275C9-D6CC-4C65-AC5F-369DAD81DE26.htm?id={E26275C9-D6CC-4C65-AC5F-369DAD81DE26} http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/08/05/actualidad/1344195195_587429.html Sequía en Estados Unidos podría alcanzar a los pobres del mundo: expertos.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/estados-unidos/sequa-en-estados-unidos_12104604-4 Obama elude hablar de nuevas leyes de armas. Para más información: http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/862888.html"The Economist" analiza situación del mercado de trabajo estadounidense.Para más información: http://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2012/08/americas-jobless-recovery Varios medios analizan campaña electoral estadounidense.Para más información: http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2012-08/08/content_15651722.htm http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/862949.html http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/31/politics/romney-trip-success-saster/index.html?hpt=wo_bn9 http://elpais.com/tag/elecciones_eeuu_2012/a/ http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/08/05/actualidad/1344183820_620169.htmlAutor de tiroteo en Tucson que dejó seis muertos se declara culpable.Para más información: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-19167320 http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/estados-unidos/jared-loughner-se-declara-culpable-de-tiroteo-en-tucson_12106601-4 Clinton realiza visita a Sudán del Sur durante su gira por África. Para más información: http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/31/world/africa/clinton-africa-trip/index.html?hpt=wo_bn10 Robot de la NASA en Marte.Para más información: http://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2012/08/06/suivez-l-atterrissage-de-curiosity-sur-mars-en-direct_1742760_3244.html EUROPA"The Economist" analiza vinculo del Banco Central Europeo y la crisis del euro.Para más información: http://www.economist.com/blogs/charlemagne/2012/08/ecb-and-euro-crisis Monti teme que la crisis de la deuda lleve a la "disolución" de Europa.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/europa/monti-teme-que-la-crisis-de-la-deuda-lleve-a-la-disolucin-de-europa_12097101-4 http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1497098-italia-se-hunde-en-la-recesion-volvio-a-caer-el-pbi#comentar http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/08/06/internacional/internacional/noticias/CDD7EC92-7FB8-4598-941E-7A7A75888A51.htm?id={CDD7EC92-7FB8-4598-941E-7A7A75888A51}Los griegos viven su quinto verano de recesión entre la resignación y el anhelo de salir adelante.Para más información: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/06/world/europe/greece-says-progress-made-in-talks-with-troika.html?ref=world http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/08/05/actualidad/1344120321_837535.html http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/08/05/actualidad/1344119487_714008.html Inspectores troika concluyen visita a Grecia, volverán en septiembre.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/europa/inspectores-troika-concluyen-visita-a-grecia-volvern-en-septiembre_12097081-4Grecia continúa ofensiva contra inmigrantes ilegales.Para más información: http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/grecia-continua-ofensiva-contra-imigrantes-fecha-bordeis-ilegais-5718901#ixzz22v8RKIjO Por el freno a una reforma política peligra la coalición de Cameron.Para más información: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1496971-por-el-freno-a-una-reforma-politica-peligra-la-coalicion-de-camero Acusan en Estados Unidos a banco británico de ocultar más de 250 mil millones de dólares iraníes.Para más información: http://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2012/08/06/la-banque-britannique-scb-accusee-de-travailler-avec-l-iran_1743058_3234.html http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/862911.html http://bottomline.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/08/07/13157019-ny-regulator-may-pull-license-of-rogue-uk-bank-over- Type%20to%20Content=Earne1786482España: saquearon supermercados en protesta por la crisis.Para más información: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1497157-espana-desocupados-y-sindicalistas-saqueraron-supermercados-en-protesta-por-la-crisis#comentarBielorrusia expulsa al embajador de Suecia y Estocolmo rechazará la llegada de un nuevo jefe de la diplomacia de Minsk.Para más información: http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/08/03/actualidad/1344011534_422262.html Choque de trenes en España.Para más información: http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2012-08/08/content_15651672.htm Una veintena de muertos en un ataque kurdo a un puesto militar de Turquía. Para más información: http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/08/05/actualidad/1344169768_293333.html http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/08/06/internacional/internacional/noticias/8341878E-F784-4E29-AD5D-AB32CCFA2379.htm?id={8341878E-F784-4E29-AD5D-AB32CCFA2379} Ucrania: Timoshenko cumple un año en prisión. Para más información: http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/08/06/internacional/internacional/noticias/8A52376C-7BB3-4CE9-B1A0-EB33F7D0D872.htm?id={8A52376C-7BB3-4CE9-B1A0-EB33F7D0D872} Prisión para banda punk opositora del presidente Putin.Para más información: http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/08/07/13162029-russian-prosecutors-seek-3-year-sentences-for-pussy-riot- k=1786482 Un año después de los disturbios Londres deja atrás su peor pesadilla. Para más información: http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/08/06/internacional/internacional/noticias/12ABF7B7-7155-4091-A22F-B5F0414A87BD.htm?id={12ABF7B7-7155-4091-A22F-B5F0414A87BD} Célula de Al Qaeda tenía como objetivo Gibraltar. Para más información: http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/05/world/europe/spain-terror-arrests/index.html?hpt=wo_c2 Berlusconi entra en la lista de los diez políticos más peligrosos.Para más información: http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/berlusconi-entra-na-lista-dos-dez-politicos-mais-perigosos-5716592#ixzz22v8OI3K9 Rusia e India inician ejercicios conjuntos para frenar posibles ataques terroristas. Para más información: http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2012-08/07/content_15650476.htm ASIA- PACÍFICO/ MEDIO ORIENTEContinúa la guerra civil en Siria.Para más información: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/07/world/middleeast/syrian-state-tv-reportedly-attacked-as-propaganda-war-unfolds.html?ref=world http://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/article/2012/08/06/pilonnage-et-combats-a-alep-avant-la-bataille-decisive_1742762_3218.html http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/06/world/meast/syria-unrest/index.html?hpt=wo_c1 http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/08/06/internacional/_portada/noticias/5A80508E-AAC3-46B8-9A35-C9E069683F54.htm?id={5A80508E-AAC3-46B8-9A35-C9E069683F54} http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1496977-escapar-una-decision-peligrosa-y-expuesta-a-brutales-represalias# http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-19174257 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/48550900/ns/technology_and_science-security/#.UCHU3qDMqw5 http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/medio-oriente/siria-est-decidida-a-aplastar-a-la-rebelin-contra-su-rgimen_12105821-4 http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2012-08/08/content_15651023.htm http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/medio-oriente/siria-refuerza-alianza-con-iran_12106935-4Los rebeldes afirman que Siria tiene como rehenes miembros del régimen iraní.Para más información: http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-syria-kidnap-20120805,0,7290703.story http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/08/05/actualidad/1344162267_629819.htmlOjos sobre Irán y Siria, Israel fortalece escudo misiles.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/medio-oriente/ojos-sobre-irn-y-siria-israel-fortalece-escudo-misiles_12097331-4 La ONU enviará ayuda alimentaria a Corea del Norte tras las inundaciones.Para más información: http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/08/04/actualidad/1344075184_634182.html http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/03/world/asia/north-korea-floods/index.html?hpt=wo_bn7 En Vietnam se realizó la primera marcha de orgullo gay.Para más información: http://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/video/2012/08/06/au-vietnam-les-homosexuels-ont-organise-leur-premiere-gay-pride_1743043_3216.htmlEl sultán "infalible" de Brunei.Para más información: http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/08/03/actualidad/1344015358_067412.html Cinco muertos en un atentado con explosivos en Pakistán.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/medio-oriente/cinco-muertos-en-un-atentado-con-explosivos-en-pakistn_12097162-4 http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/06/world/asia/pakistan-nato-convoy-attack/index.html?hpt=wo_c2 Ataque suicida en Yemen. Para más información: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/06/world/middleeast/yemen-suicide-attacks-toll-rises.html?ref=world 2 ciclones tropicales golpean costa china.Para más información: http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/03/world/asia/china-storms/index.html?hpt=wo_bn7 El alcalde que quiere cambiar el rostro de Irán. Para más información: http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/08/06/internacional/internacional/noticias/5915C0FA-940E-4A26-AB1C-74DDAC97A0FF.htm?id={5915C0FA-940E-4A26-AB1C-74DDAC97A0FF} Ante sanciones a programa nuclear, Irán sube precios del petróleo. Para más información: http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/alvo-de-sancoes-por-programa-nuclear-ira-vive-alta-de-precos-5721672#ixzz22v9vEqtF Japón recuerda a víctimas de Hiroshima, 67 años después.Para más información: http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/862825.html7Ocho muertos en ataque en autopista en Kabul.Para más información: http://photoblog.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/08/07/13162500-eight-dead-from-roadside-bomb-attack-in- 256598600 Inundaciones en Manila.Para más información: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-19174538 http://photoblog.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/08/07/13153253-its-like-waterworld-monsoon-rains-swas.com=1^30=Visit%20Type%20to%20Content=Earned%20to%20Mixed=1&__utmk=1786482 Conflicto en Asia por dominio de mar al sur de China.Para más información: http://www.economist.com/blogs/analects/2012/08/south-china-sea Volcán que estuvo 'dormido' 115 años hace erupción en Nueva Zelanda.Para más información: http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/vulcao-na-nova-zelandia-desperta-apos-mais-de-cem-anos-5718120#ixzz22v9xZNJk http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/08/06/13149078-new-zealands-mount-tongariro-volcanbcnews.com=1^30=Visit%20Type%20to%20Content=Earned%20to%20Mixed=1&__utmk=1786482 http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/oceania/volcan-hace-erupcion-en-nueva-zelanda_12106946-4ÁFRICAUn ataque terrorista mata a 16 policías egipcios en el Sinaí. Para más información: http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-dangerous-sinai-20120807,0,5046412.story http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/08/06/actualidad/1344246636_797818.html http://diario.elmercurio.com/2012/08/06/internacional/internacional/noticias/D980D4BF-B1EE-41DA-9F2F-59C02F60FFED.htm?id={D980D4BF-B1EE-41DA-9F2F-59C02F60FFED} http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/06/world/africa/egypt-violence/index.html?hpt=wo_c2 http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2012/08/06/attaque-meurtriere-a-la-frontiere-israelo-egyptienne_1742756_3212.html http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/08/05/actualidad/1344198380_107482.html http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/medio-oriente/ataque-en-sinai-pone-a-prueba-a-egipto_12106929-4 http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/medio-oriente/yihadistas-matan-a-16-soldados-egipcios_12099107-4 Muere tiroteado un empleado de la ONU en el sur de Sudán.Para más información: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/africa/muere-tiroteado-un-empleado-de-la-onu-en-el-sur-de-sudn_12097141-4 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/06/world/middleeast/gunmen-storm-egyptian-base-killing-15-soldiers.html?ref=world Clinton visita a Mandela.Para más información: http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/08/06/13144620-clinton-visits-mandela-94-at-home-duringbcnews.com=1^30=Visit%20Type%20to%20Content=Earned%20to%20Mixed=1&__utmk=156510584 Sudán y Sudán del Sur llegan a un acuerdo sobre las exportaciones de crudo.Para más información: http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/08/04/actualidad/1344082739_899518.html http://worldnews.nbcnews.co5375.|8=Earned%20By=msnbc|cover=1^12=Landing%20Content=Mixed=1^13=Landing%20Hostname=www.nbcnews.com=1^30=Visit%20Type%20to%20Content=Earned%20to%20Mixed=1&__utmk=156510584OTRAS"The Economist" presenta su informe semanal: "Business this week". Para más información: http://www.economist.com/node/21559678

Ukrainian officials continue to engage in direct, back-channel discussions with their Russian counterparts, with "tough" and "unpleasant" in-person meetings happening along the border between the two countries and in Istanbul, according to a new report from the Washington Post.The reported topics of conversation are far more limited than the early days of the conflict, when a ceasefire or even a peace deal appeared possible. The officials focus instead on practical issues like prisoner swaps, and the return of Ukrainian children who have been taken to Russia.The report sheds useful light on the status of diplomatic efforts related to the war, including the role of international intermediaries and mediators. Turkey, Qatar, the UAE, the Vatican, and Saudi Arabia are the main state-level players in this regard, and the International Committee of the Red Cross has also played a role.One notable area in which Ukrainian and Russian officials have never engaged in one-on-one meetings is the question of Ukrainian grain exports, which largely flowed via the Black Sea prior to the war. According to the Post, the talks "took place in a four-sided format: Turkey; the United Nations; Ukraine and Russia, which was represented by Defense Ministry officials."These discussions resulted in one of the only positive diplomatic signs since the war began: the Black Sea Grain Initiative, which created corridors for shipping much-needed foodstuffs through the Russian blockade. Rustem Umerov, who has since become Ukraine's defense minister, helped lead the Istanbul-based talks, a role made easier by Umerov's fluency in Turkish, the Post notes.But Russia killed the deal earlier this year over allegations that the West had not upheld its side of the bargain, which Moscow says included a relaxation of sanctions on fertilizers and related chemicals.When it comes to prisoner swaps, Ukraine views Turkey and Saudi Arabia as key players whose role "ensured that Russia was less likely to back out, to avoid angering two of Moscow's important partners," the Post writes.The report also reveals the complex role played by the Vatican, which has led on efforts to return noncombatants like military cooks and medics. The Holy See, under Pope Francis, has attempted to rebuild ties with the Russian Orthodox Church, led by Patriarch Kirill.While the war has put a strain on those efforts, some aspects of the rapprochement between the Christian denominations are paying off, according to the Post. Ukraine reportedly passes lists of prisoners to the pope's envoy in the country, who then sends the names to the Holy See. Next, Vatican officials forward the documents to the Russian Orthodox Church, and Kirill himself brings them to the Kremlin's attention.The most positive revelation in the Post's reporting is the news that "groups of children have come back to Ukraine on a semiregular basis" following direct negotiations with Russia, which has quietly felt the pressure of the International Criminal Court warrant against President Vladimir Putin for alleged unlawful transfers of Ukrainian children from Russian-occupied areas.Groups of Ukrainian children "have been dropped off at a far western part of the Ukraine-Belarus border, cross over by foot, and are met in Ukraine by Save Ukraine, a nongovernmental organization," the Post writes.In other diplomatic news related to the war in Ukraine:— Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan moved forward a parliamentary proposal to ratify Sweden's accession to NATO, putting Stockholm one step closer to joining the alliance, according to AP News. But another obstacle remains: Hungary, whose ruling party has accused Swedish officials of telling "blatant lies" about the state of the country's democracy, pushed back a vote on the issue until at least next month. One ruling party lawmaker said there was "little chance" that Hungary would ratify Sweden's accession to NATO this year. — With dwindling support for Ukraine aid at home, U.S. President Joe Biden has started making the argument that its massive new funding proposal will be a boon for the American economy, according to Politico. The new line, which is a far cry from previous arguments about defending democracies and the rules-based order, is in large part aimed at Republicans who see Ukraine as a distraction from other priorities and are intent on expanding the U.S. defense industrial base. This angle will likely draw fire from progressives, who often note that military spending is far less effective at creating new jobs than other kinds of government investment.— Russia withdrew its ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty on Wednesday, opening the door to a new era of nuclear weapons testing amid increased tensions between Washington and Moscow, according to Reuters. Putin framed the decision as an effort to "mirror" the U.S. position on the treaty, which it signed but never ratified. While Russia claims it will only resume testing if the U.S. does so first, new reporting from CNN shows that both countries have expanded their nuclear testing facilities in recent years.— The Biden administration's public support for alleged Israeli war crimes in Gaza has led to charges of hypocrisy from many leaders in the Global South who have bristled at Western claims of moral clarity regarding the war in Ukraine, according to the Washington Post:"When the war in Ukraine first broke out, Palestinians were elated by the tough stance taken by Western capitals against one country occupying another's land, said Nour Odeh, a Ramallah-based Palestinian political commentator. 'But it seems that occupation is only bad if the guys who are not on your side are doing it.' (...)There is a perception that the West 'cares more about Ukrainian refugees, about Ukrainian civilians suffering, than we do when they are suffering in Yemen, in Gaza, in Sudan, in Syria,' said Hanna Notte, a Berlin-based Eurasia analyst at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.That helps illustrate why the West has failed to woo countries like India and Turkey into supporting sanctions against Russia. Given the situation in Gaza, that effort is unlikely to succeed any time soon."U.S. State Department news:In a Monday press conference, State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller said the U.S. is "deeply concerned" about Russia's ongoing detention of an American-Russian journalist for Radio Free Europe, who faces charges of failing to register as a foreign agent and has been in Russian custody since June. "We have requested consular access; so far it has not been granted. We will continue to press for it," Miller said, adding that "we have not even been officially notified of her arrest by the Russian Government."

The Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) aims at the conservation of migratory waterbird populations through the joint production of knowledge, collaborative and sustainable management. Within this framework the RESSOURCE project (Strengthen Southern Sahara Expertise on Birds and their Rational Use for Communities and their Environment) funded by FAO, EU and FFEM was developed. The aim of the project is to improve the knowledge on waterbirds and their using in order to promote a better management of the waterbird populations and habitats on the following sites: the Senegal River Delta (Senegal), Inner Niger Delta (Mali), Lakes Chad and Fitri (Chad), the Nile Delta and Nasser Lake (Egypt) and the Khor Abu Habil (Sudan). Component 3 of the project focus on the using of waterbirds for which there is little or no data available about ecotourism, sport-hunting, recreation, food or commercial hunting. Our aim is to address the local and national socio-economic impacts of these sectors. Therefore, to strengthen the conservation of waterbirds and Sahelien wetlands, the project aims to build national observatories. Indeed, defined as information systems, they facilitate shared understanding of the issues, participate in decision-making, promote collective and coherent actions, organize the management of information flows and their links to actions. This information is derived from the data collected according to a series of indicators generated by this same collection process. Thus, facilitating such collection also facilitates the creation of these observatories. New technologies and social networks are now considered effective tools for conservation. They can contribute significantly to the collection and sharing of data in real time. Today, there are a number of free and open tools used for species conservation against illegal wildlife trade (Traffic 2017). Experiments have shown that SMS may be limited in terms of collection and transfer of complex information (Le Bel, Chavernac et al. 2014). It is therefore necessary to choose the most suitable technology for the production of direct data in real time. To meet our objectives of observatory building, of managing complex data and information flows for sharing, for decision-making and collective action, we turned to OpenDataKit system with KoboToolBox and its KoBoCollect Android smartphone application developed by the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative and OCHA (Kreutzer 2014). The tool responds to the following 4 main actions: i/ Collecting field data on a smartphone, ii/ Centralizing the data on the Internet platform, iii/ Analyzing the data (automatic pre-analysis and downloading to spreadsheet) and iv/ Giving back data to the field. This tool does not require any qualification or advanced technical knowledge. It can be used in areas not covered by the internet because once collected the data is stored in the smartphone. When the investigator finds internet access he can send this data by synchronization to the platform. Previously used for inter-stakeholder study and decision-making projects on human-wildlife conflict mitigation (LeBel, Chavernac et al. 2016) we benefit from the experiences and advice of a growing 'community'. Likewise, since the project is long-term, it aims at the transfer and appropriation by national scientific, administrative and citizen actors of this digital tool, which can improve consultation and decision-making. The use of KoBoCollect involves a 3 step process. Following a first exploratory survey in November 2016, we were able to identify socio-cultural, economic, legal indicators and logistical constraints (in particular the fear of speaking and contradictory speeches) and design a first questionnaire. During the second phase of coconstruction in January 2017 with the national consultants, a questionnaire with 5 themes and two entry points on waterbird utilization, trade and consumption was tested in order to design the survey. The third step was to develop an electronic form under KoBoCollect, to test it for improvement and to train the team of enumerators to a digital note taking. The survey in Lakes Chad and Fitri took place in 20 villages (360 interviews) from 5th March to 9th April 2017. Information collected aims at testing hypotheses on the following behaviors: food choice, food access, income, leisure and pleasure. We collect quantitative and qualitative data through a set of questions focusing on the multi-uses of waterbirds in these territories. Additional questions were added on stakeholders' perceptions and knowledge of wetlands, waterbirds, migration, legislation and hunting. The first Chadian data is currently stored on the KoBoToolbox site and nearly ready for analyzing. The innovation within this socio-economic, socio-cultural and cognitive survey protocol is the use of the KoBoCollect as a co-production tool. Thus, the use of this numerical digital interface tool has several advantages: speed of access to collected data and its sharing, standardization of qualitative data for statistical analysis and pre-analysis carried out on the storage platform of KoBoToolbox, compilation and creation of database, remote access and data sharing and finally solution sharing by the "KoBoToolbox community". In this way, it could constitute the first step to the observatory building. Because of these facilities and by attempting to minimize bias of protocol change, we can improve the collection with the investigators in a more reactive way during the process. This saves time and meets scientific and financial objectives. Also, the consultants' appropriation took place quickly and did not encounter any specific problems, even if they mentioned navigational difficulties within the digital questionnaire, as we might do in an interview with a paper questionnaire and handwritten notes. Similarly, the challenge of collecting qualitative, literal and complex data with a digital interface remains to be considered. Thus, field tests have enabled us to identify important points to optimize and improve the tool whenever possible. For the moment these points concern computer bugs and correspondence of the environment between the website and the smartphones. Since the African continent has a high level of mobile penetration and the highest mobile growth rate (Aker and Mbiti 2010), this type of mobile data collection system could be an efficient tool for strengthening the monitoring and management of natural resources in terms of speed and accession. However, in order that these gains not to be unnecessary, the choice of such a tool must take into account: knowledge of the terrain and its constraints (energy, internet coverage and GSM), co-construction of the questionnaire, standardization of the data collection, numerous field tests, a simplified questionnaire for simplified navigation within the application, the relationship between time passed on direct digitization of data and time passed in preparation and digital collection.

AMÉRICA LATINA Miles de brasileños salen a las calles en protestas masivas. Para más información:http://www.lemonde.fr/ameriques/article/2013/06/19/bresil-la-commission-des -droits-de-l-homme-approuve-un-traitement-pour-les-homosexuels_3432430_322 2.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/19/world/americas/brazilian-leaders-brace-for-moreotests.html?ref=world&_r=0&gwh=F5C24ED264CCA38C603BBD13B470C1FBhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-22961874http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/18/actualidad/1371580181_ 159118.htmlhttp://edition.cnn.com/2013/06/18/world/americas/brazil-protests/index.htm l?hpt=wo_c2http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/se-aguara-la-revolucion-del-vinagr e-en-brasil_12879971-4http://www.economist.com/blogs/americasview/2013/06/protests-brazil El máximo tribunal de Argentina veta la reforma judicial kirchnerista. Para más información:http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/18/actualidad/1371586701_ 459857.html Humala deniega el indulto al ex presidente peruano Fujimori. Para más información:http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-22823488http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/07/actualidad/13706 35226_139709.htmlhttp://edition.cnn.com/2013/06/07/world/americas/peru-fujimori/index.htm l?hpt=wo_bn8http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/internacional/82937.htmlhttp://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/humala-no-concede-indult o-a-fujimori_12853407-4http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-22821052 OEA logra primer consenso para abordar diálogos sobre drogas. Para más información:http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-oas-drugs-20130605, 0,3473482.storyhttp://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/asamblea-de-la-oea-en-guatema la_12849107-4http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/06/actualidad/137055218 6_000263.htmlhttp://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/oea-abri-va-para-continuar-deb ate-sobre-nuevo-enfoque-de-drogas_12852242-4http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/cambio-de-ruta-en-lucha-contr a-la-droga_12856795-4 Reacción dispar en America Latina tras nombramiento de Rice como nueva asesora de seguridad estadounidense. Para más información:http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/06/05/3435679/reaction-muted-among-lati n-un.html#storylink=cpy Juicio por genocidio en Guatemala a Ríos Montt se reanudará en 2014. Para más información:http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/juicio-a-ros-montt-se-reanudar -en-2014_12847885-4 El miedo llega al corazón de México: la misteriosa desaparición de 12 jóvenes. Para más información:http://edition.cnn.com/2013/06/08/world/americas/mexico-missing-mystery /index.html?hpt=wo_bn8http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-22829581 http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-mexico-prison-break -20130609,0,1994844.storyhttp://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/05/31/18651848-teen-among-11-kid napped-in-daylight-from-mexico-city-bar?lite Maduro intenta dirigir Venezuela a pesar del desabastecimiento y rumores de división chavista. Para más información:http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2013/06/09/world/americas/ap-lt-venezuela -election-audit.html?ref=world&gwh=9F4592A312A5BE45B1B7A3EDFA9F2EDAhttp://www.lanacion.com.ar/1590705-maduro-sube-la-apuesta-y-denuncia-otra -conspiracionhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-22829583 La principal universidad de Venezuela paraliza indefinidamente sus actividades. Para más información:http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/07/actualidad/137062596 5_416315.html Según analistas Irán y Hezbollah encuentran en Latinoamérica una mina de ingresos y reclutas. Para más información:http://edition.cnn.com/2013/06/03/world/americas/iran-latin-america/index.html Cuba es escenario de diálogos de paz para Colombia. Para más información:http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-22853611 La carrera hacia la Casa Rosada irrumpe en el tablero político de Argentina. Para más información:http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/07/actualidad/1370624 610_614080.html Nicaragua apuesta a tener su canal interoceánico. Para más información:http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/proyecto-de-canal-interoceanic o-de-nicaragua_12858382-4 Diversos medios hacen referencia a coyuntura económica brasileña. Para más información:http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21579048-feeble-growth-has-for ced-change-course-governments-room-manoeuvre-morehttp://edition.cnn.com/2013/05/30/business/brazil-middle-class-boom/ind ex.html?hpt=wo_bn2 Condenan a cadena perpetua al último líder de Sendero Luminoso en Perú. Para más información:http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/08/actualidad/1370666 114_358936.htmlhttp://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/cadena-perpetua-para-ltimo-ld er-de-sendero-luminoso_12853905-4 Piden abrir juicio contra 35 militares suramericanos por Plan Cóndor Para más información:http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/juicio-a-militares-por-plan-c ondor_12878566-4 El presidente chino Xi intenta estrechar lazos comerciales con México. Para más información:http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-mexico-china-20130 605,0,221993.story ESTADOS UNIDOS /CANADÁ Espionaje en Estados Unidos: un ex empleado de la CIA filtró la información. Para más información:http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/09/us/politics/officials-say-congress-was-fu lly-briefed-on-surveillance.html?ref=worldhttp://edition.cnn.com/2013/06/10/world/asia/snowden-what-next/index.htm l?hpt=wo_c1http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-22850901http://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2013/06/10/ed-snowden-le-lanceu r-d-alerte-qui-defie-obama_3427093_3210.htmlhttp://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/site-brinca-com-programa-secreto-de-monitora mento-nos-eua-8642713#ixzz2Vs87O16b http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2013-06/19/content_16635558.htm Obama y Putin juntos en la cumbre del G8. Para más información:http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2013-06/17/content_16628639.htmhttp://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/19/world/americas/extending-a-hand -abroad-obama-often-finds-a-cold-shoulder.html?ref=world&gwh=14C0D96142432B8CB8485A67D02B6380 Obama nombró a Susan Rice como su nueva asesora de seguridad. Para más información:http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/estados-unidos/susan-rice-ser-la-nueva-asesora- de-seguridad-de-barack-obama_12846982-4 Estados Unidos relanza las conversaciones de paz con los talibanes en Catar. Para más información:http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/18/actualidad/1371566 115_064096.html Obama nombra a Furman como nuevo jefe económico de la Casa Blanca. Para más información:http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2013-06/11/content_16606433.htm Presidentes de Estados Unidos y China abogan por 'nuevo modelo' de relaciones. Para más información:http://www.economist.com/news/china/21579043-president-xi-jinping-shows-inter est-reviving-ties-america-how-far-he-preparedhttp://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-us-china-summit-20130609, 0,5869616.storyhttp://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/09/world/asia/obama-and-xi-try-building-a-new -model-for-china-us-ties.html?ref=worldhttp://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/10/world/asia/obama-and-xi-try-to-avoid-a-col d-war-mentality.html?ref=world Estados Unidos cada vez más cerca de la reforma migratoria. Para más información:http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/estados-unidos/reforma-migratoria-podra-ser-apr obada-este-ao_12850708-4http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-22850762http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/internacional/82934.html Escándalo en torno al alcalde de Toronto. Para más información:http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2013-06/18/content_16631857.htmhttp://edition.cnn.com/2013/05/30/world/americas/canada-toronto-mayor/in dex.htmlhttp://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/05/30/18634392-embattled-toro nto-mayor-will-run-again-despite-drug-allegations?litehttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-22960593 Diversos medios analizan y cuestionan la postura de Estados Unidos frente a los refugiados, los rebeldes y el conflicto sirio. Para más información:http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/middleeast/la-fg-syria-refugees-20130610,0,6484601.storyhttp://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/estados-unidos/crisis-en-siria_12877505-4http://edition.cnn.com/2013/06/09/politics/white-house-syria/index.html?hpt=wo_c2 EUROPA Rusia bloquea el acuerdo sobre una intervención en Siria. Para más información:http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2013-06/19/content_16635919.htmhttp://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/17/actualidad/137150 2103_091990.html Crece la violencia en Turquía por enfrentamientos entre manifestantes y la policía. Para más información:http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/18/actualidad/1371555410 _756638.htmlhttp://www.lemonde.fr/europe/article/2013/06/10/en-turquie-le-processus-de-pai x-kurde-a-l-epreuve-des-manifestations_3426986_3214.htmlhttp://www.lanacion.com.ar/1590256-advertencia-de-erdogan-a-los-manifestanteshttp://edition.cnn.com/2013/06/08/world/pakistan-drones/index.html?hpt=wo_c2http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-police-clash-with-protester s-in-istanbul-20130611,0,6189707.storyhttp://www.eluniversal.com.mx/internacional/82969.htmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22790635http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2013-06/08/content_16594833.htm http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/primeiro-ministro-turco-aceita-receber-manifestant es-8646402http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21579005-protests-against-recep-tayyip- erdogan-and-his-ham-fisted-response-have-shaken-his-rule-and Alemanes y checos vivan las consecuencias de las devastadoras inundaciones. Para más información:http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/10/world/europe/10iht-flood10.html?ref=worldhttp://www.lanacion.com.ar/1590680-parte-de-alemania-bajo-el-agua#comentarwww.lemonde.fr/europe/video/2013/06/10/la-police-reprime-les-manifestants-a-ankara_3427273_3214.html La centroizquierda italiana logró un triunfo contundente en las municipales. Para más información:http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/centro-esquerda-recupera-roma-nas-urnas-8647380http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1590681-la-centroizquierda-italiana-logro-un-triunfo-co ntundente-en-las-municipales Suiza se encierra en sus miedos y endurece su ley de asilo. Para más información:http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/07/actualidad/137063251 4_643009.htmlhttp://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/europa/ley-de-asilo-en-suiza_12860089-4http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/09/actualidad/1370806897_ 177919.html Los programas electorales muestran que los partidos alemanes coinciden en los recortes. Para más información:http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/08/actualidad/1370722970_ 157146.html Putin apoyará prohibición de adopción a parejas homosexuales en Rusia. Para más información:http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/europa/prohibicin-de-adopcin-a-parejas-ho mosexuales-en-rusia_12844610-4http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/09/world/europe/trial-sendss.html?ref=wo rld&_r=0 París se plantea disolver los grupos violentos de extrema derecha tras asesinato de militante comprometido en la defensa de los homosexuales. Para más información:http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/europa/pars-se-plantea-disolver-los-grupos -violentos-de-extrema-derecha_12850632-4 http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/06/actualidad/1370547 423_977824.htmlhttp://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/06/actualidad/13704794 17_014580.html El Asad advierte a Europa de que pagará las consecuencias si arma a los rebeldes. Para más información:http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/18/actualidad/13 71546210_225136.html "El País" de España analiza: "Ni Grexit ni Grecovery". Para más información:http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/09/actualidad/1370799 092_688308.html ASIA- PACÍFICO/ MEDIO ORIENTE Elecciones en Irán: apatía y lucha de poder. Para más información:http://www.economist.com/blogs/pomegranate/2013/06/iran-s-electionhttp://edition.cnn.com/2013/06/15/world/meast/iran-rouhani-profile/inde x.html?hpt=wo_c2http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/medio-oriente/relaciones-iran-con-estados -unidos_12875543-4http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2013-06/08/content_16591014.htmhttp://edition.cnn.com/2013/06/09/world/meast/iran-nuclear-reactor/index. html?hpt=wo_bn11http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/middleeast/la-fg-iran-elections-20130611,0,3357264.story http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/middleeast/la-fg- iran-elections-20130611,0,3357264.storyCumbre del G8 sin acuerdo sobre guerra en Siria. Para más información:http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/19/world/europe/g-8-meeting-ends-wit h-cordial-stalemate-on-syria.html?ref=world&gwh=325D51A100831D8E95 A7CDA8915C9A27http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/europa/cumbre-del-g8-evalua-conflicto-en- siria_12877428-4 Continúa la escalada de violencia en Siria. Para más información:http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21579055-fall-qusayr -boost-regime-far-decisive-turning-pointhttp://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/06/10/18883427-reuters-us-wei ghs-arming-syria-rebels?litehttp://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/visuel/2013/05/23/iran-portraits-de-candidats_3386947_3218.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/09/world/middleeast/syria-opposition-won t-attend-talks-unless-rebels-get-arms-commander-says.html?ref=worldhttp://www.miamiherald.com/2013/05/30/3425004/syrias-assad-pledges-to -attend.html#storylink=cpyhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-22852957Mueren 46 personas en atentado contra un funeral en Pakistán. Para más información:http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/asia/atentado-contra-un-funeral-en-pakis tn_12878029-4 Son más de 511000 sirios refugiados en el Líbano. Para más información:http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2013-06/09/content_16600893.htm La ONU pide 3920 millones para ayudar a las víctimas de la guerra en Siria. Para más información:http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/07/actualidad/137060 4074_343489.html La premio Nobel de la Paz Suu Kyi reconoce su deseo de ser presidenta de Myanmar. Para más información:http://edition.cnn.com/2013/06/06/world/asia/myanmar-suu-kyi-presidential-aspiration/index.html?hpt=wo_c2http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/06/actualidad/13705097 70_497091.html Tras largas conversaciones las dos Coreas acuerdan encuentro. Para más información:http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2013-06/10/content_16602536.htmhttp://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/10/world/asia/north-and-south-korea-to-di scuss-restoring-economic-and-other-ties.html?ref=worldhttp://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-north-korea-changes- course-20130606,0,2868588.storyhttp://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/09/actualidad/137074 4334_514863.htmlhttp://edition.cnn.com/2013/06/08/world/asia/koreas-tensions/index.html?hp t=wo_c2 Ataque suicida en el aeropuerto de Kabul. Para más información:http://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/article/2013/06/10/afghanistan-attaque- suicide-d-insurges-pres-de-l-aeroport-de-kaboul_3426919_3216.htmlhttp://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-afghan-bombs-201306 04,0,2665212.storyhttp://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2013-06/10/content_16603337.htmhttp://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/09/world/asia/attacker-in-afghanistan-hid -bomb-in-his-body.html?ref=world&gwh=A020FB85D7BBAF85C119B695F4D126F9 Crisis en Irak: ataques dejan docenas de muertos por día. Para más información:http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/06/10/18887438-day-long-attack s-kill-more-than-70-in-iraq?litehttp://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-iraq-deadly-bomb-a ttacks-20130610,0,2919168.story La oposición india aprende de sus errores. Para más información:http://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2013/06/india-s-oppositionwww.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/article/2013/06/10/inde-un-nationaliste-hin dou-a-la-tete-de-l-opposition_3426921_3216.htmlhttp://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-split-indian-opp osition-party-20130610,0,7283558.storyhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-22851915 Austria retirará a sus 380 cascos azules de la zona desmilitarizada en el Golán. Para más información:http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/06/actualidad/1370503 365_774581.htmlhttp://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-syria-golan-un-mission-20130606,0,6454723.story Palestina inaugura gobierno en un momento crítico para el proceso de paz. Para más información:http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/middleeast/la-fg-palestin ian-premier-20130603,0,549411.storyhttp://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/09/actualidad/1370 781086_914560.html ÁFRICA Salud de Mandela mantiene al mundo en vilo. Para más información:http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2013-06/11/content_16606127.htmhttp://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2013/06/10/inquietudes-sur-l-etat-de -sante-de-nelson-mandela_3427099_3212.html Reino Unido compensará con 23 millones de euros a los Mau Mau de Kenia. Para más información:http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-britain-kenya-compensate-20130607,0,2322515.storyhttp://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/africa/reino-unido-pagar-23-millones-de-euros- a-los-mau-mau-de-kenia_12849864-4 Aumenta la presencia de Al Qaeda en África Sahariana. Para más información:http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/05/28/3420983/ap-exclusive-rise-of-al- qaida.html Libia vive violentas protestas. Para más información:http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/10/world/africa/libyan-violence-threatens-t o-undercut-power-of-militias.html?ref=world Tensión entre Sudán y Sudán del Sur. Para más información:http://edition.cnn.com/2013/06/08/world/africa/sudan-oil/index.html?hpt=wo _bn10+http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2013-06/17/content_16628556.htm OTRAS NOTICIAS El G8 apoya medidas de transparencia financiera y contra la evasión fiscal. Para más información:http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2013-06/18/content_16631685.htmhttp://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/06/18/actualidad/1371568829 _378574.htmlhttp://www.economist.com/news/international/21579452-britains-leader -envisages-world-tax-compliance-and-clear-corporate-ownership Fin de pobreza extrema debe ser nuevo objetivo mundial para 2030: ONU. Para más información:http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/estados-unidos/la-onu-dice-que-el-fin-de-l a-pobreza-extrema-debe-ser-nuevo-objetivo-mundial-para-2030_12845943-4 "Los Angeles Times" presenta portal sobre el crecimiento de la población mundial. Para más información:http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/population/ "The Economist" presenta su informe semanal: "Business this week". Para más información:http://www.economist.com/news/world-week/21579066-business-week