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The study describes and analyzes the structures, the procedures and decision making processes of the International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation (INFCE). INFCE was agreed by the Organizing Conference to be a technical and analytical study and not a negotiation. The results were to be transmitted to governments for their consideration in developing their nuclear energy policies and in international discussions concerning nuclear energy cooperation and related controls and safeguards.Thus INFCE provided a unique example for decision making by consensus in the nuclear world. It was carried through under mutual respect for each country's choices and decisions, without jeopardizing their respective fuel cycle policies or international co-operation agreements and contracts for the peaceful use of nuclear energy, provided that agreed safeguards are applied.

International Criminal Law is one of the most vibrant and fast developing areas of international law. It is against this background that the Walther Schücking Institute at Kiel University organized a symposium aiming at analyzing whether and if so, to what extent international criminal law is exercizing influence on general public international law or whether international criminal law has instead become a separate field of law of its own with its specific methods and which therefore no longer is part of general international law. -- This volume contains all presentations given during the conference as well as the discussions that took place. Speakers include Hans-Peter Kaul, currently judge at the International Criminal Court, who outlines the current challenges for the newly established Court as well as Wolff Heintschel v. Heinegg (Frankfurt/O.) who raises the question whether the traditional methods in developing new rules of customary international law are still valid with regard to international criminal law, taking into account in particular the fast developing jurisprudence of the two ad hoc Tribunals created by the Security Council and potential conflicts with the role of State practice as traditionally understood. Jan Klabbers (University of Helsinki) focuses on the role of third States, in particular the role of third States not parties to the Statute of the International Criminal Court, where he highlights the conflict between the traditional pacta tertiis rule and more modern approaches and understandings of international law. In a similar vein, Christine Chinkin (London School of Economics) demonstrates to what extent feminist approaches to international law have shaped our understanding of international criminal law and raises the question whether this development is part of an overall and more generalized movement. Finally, Leila Sadat (Washington University School of Law, St. Louis, Missouri) addresses the difficult question of the relationship between on the one hand international criminal prosecutions and on the other hand alternative forms of redress, such as e.g. amnesties or pardons, particularly taking into account restraints derived from general notions of international law such as the notion of ›jus cogens‹ and treaty obligations to punish such international crimes.

"This book brings together a collection of papers on international trade and international finance, instead of treating the two as disjoint fields of study. The volume, while focusing on the recent developments and frontiers of research in international trade and international finance, also emphasizes the inherent integrated nature of the two subjects; some of the papers are overlapping across the two areas. A unique feature of the proposed volume is that it unravels some new issues in addition to re-examining certain old issues in a new perspective and thus covers wide ranging issues with an emphasis on policy. The book covers issues mostly relating to emerging market economies, which has increasingly assumed importance in the context of globalization. The book contains some survey papers covering the frontiers of current knowledge on important themes like recent developments in trade theory and empirics, foreign exchange market, institutions in trade and finance, interrelation and interaction between international trade and international finance. The papers, fruit of rigorous and original research, are written by internationally and nationally reputed authors along with promising young researchers on the subjects. The book substantially contributes to the growing literature on issues relating to trade and international finance in emerging market economies and extends the frontiers of knowledge. The book is expected to have the widest possible readership comprising of advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as senior researchers working in international trade and international finance"--Provided by publisher

We model an international union as a group of countries deciding to centralize the provision of public goods, or policies, that generate externalities across union members. The trade-off between the benefits of coordination and the loss of independent policymaking endogenously determines size, composition, and scope of the union. Policy uniformity reduces the size of the union, may block the entry of new members, and induces excessive centralization. We study flexible rules with nonuniform policies that reduce these inefficiencies, focusing particularly on arrangements that are relevant to the ongoing debate on the institutional structure of the European Union.

What is international criminal justice? The authors of this book set out a framework for understanding international criminal justice in all its facets. Considering both definition and content, the authors argue for its treatment as a holistic field of study, rather than a by-product of international criminal law. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, this book draws on a range of legal and extra-legal disciplines. Whilst addressing crucial legal questions throughout, it also considers the role and impact of politics, history, psychology, terrorism, transitioning society, and even the idea of hope in how we understand international criminal justice. Challenging many of the prevalent paradigms of thinking in this area, Gideon Boas and Pascale Chifflet explore whether it is possible to reconcile some of the enduring intellectual conflict, such as whether and how retributive and restorative approaches to justice can co-exist. Written by leading academics who themselves are also practitioners in the field, this unique work performs a significant role in defining and explaining international criminal justice, and as such will be important reading for scholars and practitioners, as well as providing an entry point for students in a classroom environment