Suchergebnisse

During a nationwide campaign to promote safety belt use among military personnel, a field study was conducted at 12 different military bases in the Netherlands. Amount of enforcement, type of publicity, and incentive strategies were varied among military bases. Observations of safety belt use among servicemen in their personal vehicles were conducted before the campaign, immediately following the campaign, and 3 months later. Safety belt use increased from 65% during baseline to 73% directly after the campaign and to 76% 3 months later. An overall 28.6% increase in safety belt use (from 63% to 81%) was observed at seven bases, whereas no changes were found at five bases (68% on all occasions). To a large degree the effects were due to a 37.7% increase among young drivers. These results confirmed that enforcement, as well as incentives, can be effective in promoting safety belt use. However, treatment effects were not systematic, thereby complicating the interpretation of the results. Implications of these varied outcomes are discussed.

Die aktuelle Diskussion über die Rolle der organisierten Interessen, der Parteien und allgemein der intermediären Institutionen ist geprägt von den Thesen des Wandels, der Erosion oder Transformation und der Krise der Interessenvermittlung oder ihrer Agenturen. Gestützt auf deutsche Befragungsergebnisse aus dem Jahr 1990 geht die Studie der Frage nach, inwieweit sich die Bürger in ihren persönlichen Interessen durch Verbände, Interessengruppen und politische Parteien vertreten fühlen und in welchem Ausmaß organisatorische Bindungen Gegensätze und Spannungen vertiefen. Weiter wird gefragt, ob Generationenwechsel zur Transformation des intermediären Systems führe und wie eng die Beziehungen zwischen Interessengruppen und Parteien seien. Die empirischen Befunde zeigen einerseits, daß die traditionellen Spannungsverhältnisse für die Beziehungen zwischen Individuen und Interessenverbänden nach wie vor wichtig sind. Andererseits sind neue Spannungslinien erkennbar, die zu einer Transformation des intermediären Systems führen könnten. (pka)

THIS ARTICLE STATES THAT THE SPEAKERS IN THUCYDIDES WHO GIVE VOICE THESIS THAT MIGHT IS RIGHT DO NOT GENERALLY THINK THAT WHAT THEY ARE RELEASING UPON THE WORLD IS A WAR OF ALL AGAINST ALL. ON THE CONTRARY, THEY ARE HOPEFUL, LIKE THE MODEL UTITARIANS THEY ANTICIPATE, THAT THEIR REALISTIC ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN MOTIVES CAN SERVE AS THE FOUNDATION OF AN INTER-STATE ORDER BASED NOT ON JUSTICE BUT ON CLEAR AND CERTAIN POWER RELATIONS. THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS THE SPEAKER, DIODOTUS, WHO SEEMS AT ODDS WITH THE SOPHISTIC RATIONALISM HE SPEAKS ABOUT.

BOTH THE GOVERNMENT NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY COMMUNITY AND THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY ARE CONCERNED WITH PROBLEMS OF POLITICAL TERRORISM. A MAJOR GAP EXISTS, HOWEVER, BETWEEN THESE TWO COMMUNITIES IN TERMS OF COOPERATION AND INFORMATION FLOW. THIS GAP REFLECTS DIFFERENCES IN PRIMARY MISSION, ROLE DEFINITION, PROFESSIONAL TRAINING, AND CAREER CONSIDERATIONS. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES THE UNEASY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE POLICY COMMUNITY AND THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY.