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Main issues of complexity in a centralised system are explored, taking Austria as a case. The overall argument connects three interrelated topics of governing complexity in education: (1) an analysis of the sources of complexity in a centralised system, showing that centralisation-decentralisation is rather a continuum than a dichotomy; (2) an exploration of relations between structures in a centralised polity and policy and politics in education; (3) the production and use of knowledge and the knowledge flows as a key ingredient of governing complexity.
The existing governance structures mediate between policy making and practice, and their shape depends more on the demands of power politics than on technical policy arguments of how to achieve efficacy and efficiency, at least in a centralised system. In such a system much part of its complexity is hidden behind existing formal regulations that superficially seem to 'rationalise' the practices of policy making. (author's abstract)

Purpose: This paper explores the role of provincial governance in attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Vietnam across provinces. Methodology: This study uses unbalanced panel data for a period of 9 years (2006-2014) in order to examine the significance determinants of Provincial Governance Index (PCI) in attracting FDI in Vietnam at sub nation level. The research takes into account Entry Costs, Land Access and Security of Tenure, Transparency and access to information, Time Costs of Regulatory Compliance, Informal charges, Proactivity, Business Support Services, Labor & Training, Legal Institutions, which are 9 indices of Provincial Competitive Index as potential determinants of FDI. Findings: The empirical results show what Transparency, Time costs of regulatory compliance, and Business Support Services are significant determinants of FDI inflow across provinces in Vietnam. Research limitations/implications: The paper does not take into consideration cultural and historical factors at the province level which may play a role in encouraging inward FDI. Furthermore, reverse causality between FDI inflows and governance quality is not discussed. Values: Our results have significant implications for policy, given the assumption that the changes in the quality of local economic governance will improve economic performance.

Der Aufsichtsrat einer Bank unterliegt einer Vielzahl aufsichtsrechtlicher Organisationsanforderungen, die seine grundsätzliche Selbstorganisationshoheit beschränken. § 25d KWG enthält neuerdings auch Vorgaben für die Einrichtung und Ausgestaltung von Aufsichtsratsausschüssen, welche ihre Rolle sowie das Bild des "klassischen" Aufsichtsrats nach aktienrechtlichem Verständnis verändern.Nach einer Untersuchung des Verhältnisses von Aufsichts- und Aktienrecht beleuchtet die Arbeit die verschiedenen Vorgaben des § 25d KWG mit Blick auf Einrichtung, Aufgaben, Befugnisse und Besetzung von Aufsichtsratsausschüssen. Auf Basis der gefundenen Ergebnisse geht die Arbeit schließlich der Frage nach, wie die neuen aufsichtsrechtlichen Vorgaben den Charakter des Organs "Aufsichtsrat" sowie die Rollenverteilung in der internen Corporate Governance einer Bank-AG verändern

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Methods for observing policy networks have not kept up with the development of new network analytic techniques required to understand governance in complex settings. We compare three unobtrusive methods for observing policy networks based on hyperlinks between policy actor web sites, on media reports, and on public policy partnerships. Observations of one complex local water policy arena with all three methods provide a comparison of the general as well as actor‐specific network characteristics in the three observed networks. The core network of actors observed by all methods has similar network level statistics, highly correlated relationships measured by Quadratic Assignment Procedures models, and the same significant network microstructures as measured by Exponential Random Graph Models. The full networks including actors observed by any method also exhibit similar actor‐level characteristics, although the correlations across networks are stronger for bridging capital measures than for bonding capital measures, and each method has different apparent biases. Once biases are accounted for, similarities suggest that these methods may provide useful proxies for each other and for other relationships that are more difficult or impossible to measure, particularly when combined to offset each method's biases. If so, they can extend the range of policy networks observable with limited resources across space and time.

In the Scandinavian countries, the regional level of governance is neither the locus of large-scale policy reforms nor a significant provider of welfare to citizens. Nevertheless, it has some important policy tasks in the area of environmental, economic, and social sustainability. These policy areas are rife with wicked and unruly problems that combine cognitive uncertainties with the risk of political conflict and stalemate. Dealing with these problems requires the construction of network arenas in which a range of public and private actors can collaborate in order to find innovative solutions to common problems. The paper analyses the efforts of Norwegian regions to enhance collaborative innovation through the formation of interactive governance arenas. It compares three different policy areas in order to better understand how different forms of interactive governance enhance collaborative innovation for economic, social and environmental sustainability. The ultimate goal is to assess the ability and potential of Norwegian regions to solve wicked and unruly problems through collaborative innovation.

Local governments increasingly initiate measures addressing global sustainability challenges, so-called local governance experiments. But the knowledge about their actual outcome is limited. Responding to this gap, this paper provides an assessment of a local governance experiment in the form of a programme for sustainable buildings in Malmö, Sweden, focusing on its energy components. The study assesses the initiative by studying all new multi-residential units constructed in Malmö and analysing their performance along with programme applicability. Findings indicate the effectiveness of the programme, and further improved performance when the programme was combined with a dialogue process together with developers in a showcase area of Malmö. The majority of developers estimated the costs for following the programme as limited. The findings contradict the view that local initiatives addressing global sustainability challenges are merely rhetorical. However, the partly insufficient implementation risks undermining the trust-building function of local governance experimets.

AbstractThe prevailing architecture of global energy governance is fragmented, uncoordinated and failing to yield the required outcomes. This article examines the argument that the Group of 20 (G20) can provide a leadership role to improve the quality of global energy governance. Energy has characteristics of a global public good and the energy system resembles a complex adaptive system. These observations imply that the global governance of energy should be polycentric and this, in turn, entails a high level of coordination and trust between governing actors. Clubs and networks are institutions that can usefully enhance coordination and trust. In this respect, the G20 can be seen as a club at the hub of networks that can play a key role in improving the global governance of energy and China's presidency of the G20 in 2016 provides a unique opportunity for the G20 to prove its worth.