Suchergebnisse

This article analyses, assesses and explains the imperatives which have affected the European Union's (EU) audiovisual policy instruments, with particular emphasis on the Television without Frontiers (TWF) Directive, cross-media ownership regulations and the regulatory frameworks concerning converging communication services. It considers the factors which have led to competition policy becoming more important in the era of convergence and globalization. Finally, it considers whether these regulatory responses and policy interpretations illustrate the extent to which the Commission has been able (or not) to balance the increasingly conflicting imperatives of economic competitiveness with the core values of cultural identity.

Der Beitrag analysiert, beurteilt und erklärt die Imperative, die der audiovisuellen Medienpolitik der EU zugrunde liegen. Dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt auf der EG-Fernsehrichtlinie ("Television without Frontiers" -TWF-), den Regelungen für das sog. "Cross-media Ownership" und dem steuerungspolitischen Bezugsrahmen für konvergierende Kommunikationsdienstleistungen. Dabei werden die Faktoren beleuchtet, die dazu geführt haben, dass Wettbewerbspolitik in einer Zeit, die durch Konvergenz und Globalisierung gekennzeichnet ist, immer wichtiger wird. Abschließend wird danach gefragt, ob die Regulierungen und ihre politischen Interpretationen einen Anhaltspunkt dafür liefern, inwieweit die EU-Kommission in der Lage war und ist, eine ausgewogene Balance zwischen den in einem wachsenden Widerstreit stehenden Notwendigkeiten des ökonomischen Wettbewerbs und der Wahrung der Grundwerte kultureller Identität herzustellen. (UNübers.) (UN)

Die Untersuchung liefert eine politikwissenschaftliche Systematisierung der seit den 1950er-Jahren auf europäischer Ebene geschaffenen Einnahmeinstrumente. Im Zentrum steht dabei die Frage, auf welchem Wege den gemeinsamen Institutionen im Laufe der Integrationsentwicklung finanzielle Spielräume gewährt wurden: Besaß die Montanunion aufgrund der Montanumlage als erster europäischer Steuer eine größere Unabhängigkeit vom Willen der Mitgliedstaaten? Hätte das Eigenmittelsystem in seiner ursprünglichen Konzeption tatsächlich die europäische Autonomie gesteigert? Inwiefern bieten die Finanzierungsstrukturen ein Abbild des Entwicklungsstandes der EU und welche Entwicklungslinien haben sich über die Jahrzehnte herausgebildet? Auch diesen und weiteren Aspekten widmet sich die Analyse des europäischen Finanzierungssystems. Der Inhalt Einnahmeformen als Ursache sowie Ausdruck europäischer Abhängigkeit bzw. autonomer Handlungsfreiheit Das europäische Finanzierungssystem in vier historischen Zeiträumen Die Ergebnisse der Studie: europäische Einnahmeautonomie unter nationaler Kontrolle Die Zielgruppen Politikwissenschaftler sowie Rechts- und Wirtschaftswissenschaftler Politische Akteure Die Autorin Anna Wenz-Temming ist als Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Institut für Politische Wissenschaft und Soziologie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn tätig

Existing research indicates that supranational identification in the European Union (EU) is associated with greater individual acceptance of international migration, pointing to a cosmopolitan logic in European identity. At the same time, social identity theory suggests a communitarian logic, as citizens who self-identify as Europeans should positively distinguish members of the European community and exhibit a higher acceptance of migrants from other EU member states than of other types of migrants. The goal of this article is to test which of these two logics prevails in European identifiers' migration attitudes. For this purpose, we develop a set of multilevel regression models of recent Eurobarometer data (2014-2017) to explore the effects of European identification on individual preference for internal migrants in the EU. The paper's main contribution is to show that adding a cosmopolitan layer of identification to the pre-existing national identities does not preclude the logic of identity demarcation in supranational communities. Instead, these processes become more complex. As illustrated by the case of perceptions of migrants from different origins, European identification entails both cosmopolitan and communitarian effects for individual attitudes. These findings challenge the prevailing normative understanding of European identity as inherently inclusive.

The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially affected the financial trajectory of governments, which have seen their financing needs increase significantly. Against this background, the European Union has launched a series of programmes to smooth this financing in the short term, through the activation of credit lines to cover direct or indirect health expenses and temporary unemployment scheme-related expenditure. Further, it has approved a recovery fund (dubbed Next Generation EU), which will transfer resources from the European budget to the Member States for investments that enhance competitiveness and social and environmental sustainability. In this connection, this paper firstly estimates the increase in financing needs at the European level. Secondly, it sets out the supranational measures adopted to address the consequences of the pandemic, to be financed with debt issued by the European Commission, on behalf of the Member States. Finally, it characterises the starting point of this situation, i.e. it provides the main figures on euro-denominated supranational debt currently in circulation and reviews the arguments in favour of the importance of increasing this type of debt and pan-European safe assets.

With the European Economic Interest Grouping, the European Company, the European Cooperative and the nascent European Private Company, the series of supranational corporate forms has now attained a scope which invites critical-comparative stock-taking. This article examines the foundations, the development and the architecture of the European Union's own legal creations. Taking a comprehensive approach, it attempts to synthesize existent legal material and thus provide impetus for the elaboration of a theory on supranational corporate forms in Europe. The article looks at the regulatory instruments which the European legislature has used to overcome resistance by the Member States with regard to the development of supranational corporate statutes. It also assesses the EU-wide exchange of ideas and models in the context of the development of supranational corporate forms. Finally, attention is paid to the key characteristics and elements of supranational corporate forms, including: legal personality; corporate purpose and company object; cross-border involvement; registered and head offices and company members from third countries.