Suchergebnisse

Demokracija se obično shvaća kao organizirani oblik vlasti koji karakterizira vladavina naroda. Velik broj građana vjeruje u demokraciju kao najpoželjniji oblik vlasti. S druge pak strane, sve je više prisutno nezadovoljstvo građana, razočarenje u demokratske institucije i sve manje povjerenje u izabranu vlast. Kroz ovaj rad nastojala se dati šira slika ovog problema te ukazati na teoretske probleme demokracije, ali i one u stvarnim demokratskim sustavima. Teoretski temelji rada osnivaju se na radovima teoretičara kao što su Robert Dahl, David Held i Joseph Schumpeter. Nedostaci demokracije, ali i njen potencijalni novi smjer prikazan je kroz primjere Turske i Katalonije. Jednakim demokratskim mehanizmom, a s potpuno različitim interesima i Turska i Katalonija udaljile su se od zamišljenog demokratskog ideala te su na taj način poslužile kao koristan primjer za potkrjepljivanje iznesenih tvrdnji u cijelom radu. Ovi primjeri ukazuju i na krizu demokracije, ali i na njen novi smjer u suvremenim političkim sustavima. Demokracija možda u svojoj suštini i nije toliko loša već je problematična njena primjena u stvarnim uvjetima koji stalno zahtijevaju prilagodbu postojećem stanju, rješavanje novih prepreka i problema. ; Democracy as a broad term is usually understood as an organised form of governance characterised by the rule of people. The majority of the citizens believes in democracy to be the best possible and the most desirable form of governance. On the other hand, discontent and disappointment in the democratic institutions as well as distrust in the elected officials has been more and more prominent. The bigger picture of this problem is described throughout this thesis. The main goal was to highlight the problems with the theoretical idea of democracy but also the problems within actual democratic systems in the modern era. Theoretical foundations of this thesis are based on the works of authors like Robert Dahl, David Held and Joseph Schumpeter. Using the examples of recent political events in Turkey and ...

Demokracija se obično shvaća kao organizirani oblik vlasti koji karakterizira vladavina naroda. Velik broj građana vjeruje u demokraciju kao najpoželjniji oblik vlasti. S druge pak strane, sve je više prisutno nezadovoljstvo građana, razočarenje u demokratske institucije i sve manje povjerenje u izabranu vlast. Kroz ovaj rad nastojala se dati šira slika ovog problema te ukazati na teoretske probleme demokracije, ali i one u stvarnim demokratskim sustavima. Teoretski temelji rada osnivaju se na radovima teoretičara kao što su Robert Dahl, David Held i Joseph Schumpeter. Nedostaci demokracije, ali i njen potencijalni novi smjer prikazan je kroz primjere Turske i Katalonije. Jednakim demokratskim mehanizmom, a s potpuno različitim interesima i Turska i Katalonija udaljile su se od zamišljenog demokratskog ideala te su na taj način poslužile kao koristan primjer za potkrjepljivanje iznesenih tvrdnji u cijelom radu. Ovi primjeri ukazuju i na krizu demokracije, ali i na njen novi smjer u suvremenim političkim sustavima. Demokracija možda u svojoj suštini i nije toliko loša već je problematična njena primjena u stvarnim uvjetima koji stalno zahtijevaju prilagodbu postojećem stanju, rješavanje novih prepreka i problema. ; Democracy as a broad term is usually understood as an organised form of governance characterised by the rule of people. The majority of the citizens believes in democracy to be the best possible and the most desirable form of governance. On the other hand, discontent and disappointment in the democratic institutions as well as distrust in the elected officials has been more and more prominent. The bigger picture of this problem is described throughout this thesis. The main goal was to highlight the problems with the theoretical idea of democracy but also the problems within actual democratic systems in the modern era. Theoretical foundations of this thesis are based on the works of authors like Robert Dahl, David Held and Joseph Schumpeter. Using the examples of recent political events in Turkey and ...

Imajući u vidu aktuelno prevazilaženje dihotomije nacionalno/demokratsko i nedavni delimični zaokret u politikama podsticaja EU i Saveta Evrope u Republici Srbiji od upravljačkih ka kulturno legitimnim elitama, u radu se, na osnovu prethodnih analiza i prilagođavanja identitetskih politika EU, preporučuje novo polje primene etnologije i antropologije. Razmatra se osnova neutemeljene predstave o Evropi kao o okviru u kojem nacionalni identiteti i kulturno nasleđe slabe, pa i nestaju. Ukazuje se na činjenicu da je EU najveći globalni identitetski potrošač, s posebnim naglaskom na mogućnosti koje to donosi u pogledu očuvanja nacionalnih identiteta i kulturne baštine građana Republike Srbije. Etnolozi i antropolozi mogu da se uključe u ovaj proces ne samo profesionalno kao istraživači ili privatno kao politički akteri, već i na polju primene nauke, pomažući kulturno legitimnim elitama da prepoznaju da je zaštita nacionalnih identiteta i kulturnog nasleđa u međunarodnim budžetskim okvirima lukrativan, održiv i efikasan način očuvanja interpretativnog suvereniteta, i to posebno u vremenima krize nacionalnih budžeta. Budući da su profesionalno obučeni za konsalting u domenu identitetskih pitanja, profesionalni etnolozi i antropolozi u prilici su da, obema stranama u procesu evropskih integracija, konkretizuju veliki potencijal daljeg preusmeravanja podsticaja ka kulturno legitimnim elitama. ; Leaning on contemporary transcendence of the national/democratic dichotomy in Serbian public sphere and the recent turn from governmental to cultural elites in the incentive policies of the EU and the European Council directed at the Republic of Serbia, the paper recommends a new field of application of ethnology and anthropology, based on previous analyses and modifications of identity policies of the EU. The foundation of the baseless idea of Europe as a framework in which national identities and cultural heritage are weakened or even disappear is considered, and the fact that the EU is the largest global consumer of identity is pointed out, along with the possibilities this brings to the domain of maintaining the national identity and cultural heritage of the citizens of Serbia. Ethnologists and anthropologists can participate in this process not only professionally, as researchers, or privately as political actors, but also in the domain of the application of science, helping culturally legitimate elites recognize that the 'protection' of national identities and cultural heritage within the confines of an international budget is a lucrative, sustainable and efficient way to maintain interpretative sovereignty, especially in times of crisis for national budgets. As ethnologists and anthropologists are professionally trained in for consultancy within the domain of identity issues, they are in the unique position to point both sides in the process of European integrations toward the huge potential of further redirecting of incentives toward culturally legitimate elites.

Drawing on an ethnography of life in a Ghanaian weaving workshop, this article traces the intersections between young rural weavers' affective labour, hope and their experiences of immobility. Hope is explored as an ambivalent resource which shapes the shared, social materiality of their craftwork, the spiritual beliefs which give meaningful shape to the challenges of craft livelihoods and the imaginaries and lived experiences which compose young weavers' sense of migration and mobility. Entangled in the precarious logics of late capitalism, these hopes simultaneously offer young craftsmen a sense of existential mobility, whilst curtailing and circumscribing possibilities for sustained and systemic change. In this, the 'not-yet' hopefulness of immobility is examined as a complex affective and political field, shot through with tense anticipation, longing and disappointment.

Summary: The article shows ethnographic findings on gold fever and the incorporation of Croatian pirates and chippings in the immediate vicinity of the Baquedano de Porvenir cordon, Tierra del Fuego, Chile. They were two stages of golden fetichism developed between the decades 1883-1909 and 1930-1990. The first began with the discovery of the ore through European dispatches that plagued on beaches on foot-patagonic beaches; the territories were then exploited by Julio Popper, who formed the Anónima de Laveros de Oro del Sud, bringing the gold route from Cape Virgin to Punta Arenas, Isla Navarino, Cape Hornos, Bahía Aguirre, Sloggett, Nueva, Picton and Lennox, with the Páramo in San Sebastian being its main hub. The second was developed through the organisation of communities of Croatian pirates and chippings, who continued to farm on a artisanal basis in the fields of the Fueguina mountain range. Gold fever contributed to the foundation of Porvenir, highlighting investments in general, hotel and leisure sectors as part of peripheral economies, as well as the growing industry that continued as a lasting economy. ; Resumen: El artículo muestra hallazgos etnográficos sobre la fiebre del oro e incorporación de pirquineros croatas y chilotes en las inmediaciones del cordón Baquedano de Porvenir, Tierra del Fuego, Chile. Fueron dos etapas de fetichismo aurífero desarrolladas entre las décadas de 1883-1909 y 1930-1990. La primera se inició con el descubrimiento del mineral a través de expediciones europeas que encallaron en playas fuego-patagónicas; después los territorios fueron explotados por Julio Popper, quien formó la Compañía Anónima de Lavaderos de Oro del Sud trazando la ruta del oro desde Cabo Vírgenes hasta Punta Arenas, Isla Navarino, cabo de Hornos, Bahía Aguirre, Sloggett, Nueva, Picton y Lennox, siendo el Páramo en San Sebastián, su principal centro de operaciones. La segunda se desarrolló a través de la organización de comunidades de pirquineros croatas y chilotes, quienes continuaron con la explotación ...

For centuries the term 'chichimeca' has been used by Mexico as a synonym for 'barbaro' or 'wild'. However, in recent decades, a deepening of the knowledge of Chichimeca groups — which has been a political revalorisation of the regions in Mexico — has led to a further rebuilding of the memory of Spanish conquest, which, in part, offers a different view of these human groups. To an unanticipated degree, social anthropology — and in particular the 'Permanent Seminar of Studies of Great Chichimeca' (SPECH), in which different academic disciplines engage in dialogue on the same topic and territory — is contributing to the same review, with the convergent result of removing Chichimeca peoples from the ostracism to which official history in Mexico had confined them, while, among other inhabitants of that part of the country, a certain pride of being from the same place as them is generated. ; Peer reviewed ; For centuries the term 'chichimeca' has been used by Mexico as a synonym for 'barbaro' or 'wild'. However, in recent decades, a deepening of the knowledge of Chichimeca groups — which has been a political revalorisation of the regions in Mexico — has led to a further rebuilding of the memory of Spanish conquest, which, in part, offers a different view of these human groups. To an unanticipated degree, social anthropology — and in particular the 'Permanent Seminar of Studies of Great Chichimeca' (SPECH), in which different academic disciplines engage in dialogue on the same topic and territory — is contributing to the same review, with the convergent result of removing Chichimeca peoples from the ostracism to which official history in Mexico had confined them, while, among other inhabitants of that part of the country, a certain pride of being from the same place as them is generated. ; Durante siglos el término "chichimeca" ha sido utilizado por los mexicanos como sinónimo de "bárbaro" o "salvaje". Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas una profundización en el conocimiento de los grupos chichimecas —a la que no ha ...

This ethnography analyzes the ways in which organization and sociability in the Partido Justicialista (Peronism) in the Province of Misiones, Argentina, take place. The research concentrates on the participation of a Peronist leader in the political networks of Posadas city during a local electoral campaign. The paper analyses personal relations within these political networks, reciprocal obligations and material and symbolical exchanges between people with equal and different political, social, economic and cultural capital. The conformation of these political networks can be compared to other phenomena as patronage and clientelism, largely studied by Anthropology ; Esta etnografía analiza formas de organización y sociabilidad en el Partido Justicialista o peronista en la provincia de Misiones, Argentina. Analiza la participación de una dirigente peronista en redes políticas de la ciudad de Posadas en las elecciones municipales. El trabajo propone un análisis de relaciones personalizadas en esas redes, la producción de obligaciones recíprocas, intercambios materiales y simbólicos entre individuos de igual y diferente capital político, social, económico y cultural. La configuración de esas redes es similar a fenómenos que la literatura antropológica ha definido como patronazgo y el clientelismo. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

Summary (analytical) On 18 October 2019, thousands of Chilean young people went to the streets to demand a fairer society, starting a process of constitutional change and citizenship. This article analyses this process by focusing on disruptive strategies by young people to challenge public spaces in the first months of protest. To this end, an ethnography was carried out over ten weeks — October to December 2019 — in the cities of Santiago and Valparaíso. The results show that these young people are identified as part of a multitude of people who have experienced citizens, demanding greater social participation. It is concluded that this awakening reflects the social trends of young people in other parts of the world, which also challenge and demand social transformations in liberal democracies. ; Resumen (analítico) El 18 de octubre de 2019, miles de jóvenes chilenos salieron a las calles para exigir una sociedad más justa, iniciando un proceso de cambio constitucional y de ciudadanía. Este artículo analiza ese proceso centrándose en las estrategias disruptivas de los y las jóvenes para impugnar los espacios públicos en los primeros meses de protesta. Con esta finalidad, se realizó una etnografía durante diez semanas -octubre a diciembre del 2019--, en las ciudades de Santiago y Valparaíso. Los resultados muestran que estos jóvenes se identifican como parte de una multitud que ha experimentado un despertar ciudadano, exigiendo mayor participación social. Se concluye que este despertar refleja las tendencias sociales de las juventudes de otras partes del mundo, que igualmente disputan y exigen transformaciones sociales en las democracias liberales.

Digital technology, as well as serving as a research tool, is also a subject of study. Many disciplines have found new elements such as internet law, virtual ethnography or data mining in social networking, especially on the internet. This is also the case in culture and education. In short, more and more researchers and research work, in addition to studying digitalised culture, analyse digital culture and, on the other hand, there are lines of research which, in addition to viewing the internet as educational material, see the online environment as a new social and cultural condition for learning within and outside school. In other words, for culture and education, current technology does not go unnoticed. Both disciplines are currently rebuilding their developments and creating other narratives, anew to understand, value and develop their frameworks and practices in a new ecosystem, the digital ecosystem. ; La tecnología digital, además de servir como herramienta de investigación, también es un objeto de estudio. Muchas disciplinas han encontrado en el quehacer social en red, especialmente en internet, nuevos elementos para analizar, como el derecho de internet, la etnografía virtual o la minería de datos, por poner algunos ejemplos. Esto también sucede en la cultura y la educación. En pocas palabras, existen cada vez más investigadores y trabajos de investigación que, además de estudiar la cultura digitalizada, analizan la cultura digital y, por otra parte, existen líneas de investigación que además de ver internet como material educativo, ven el entorno online como una nueva condición social y cultural de aprendizaje dentro y fuera de la escuela. Esto es, para la cultura y la educación la tecnología actual no pasa desapercibida. En la actualidad ambas disciplinas están retomando sus desarrollos y creando otras narrativas, ávidas por entender, valorar y desarrollar sus encuadres y prácticas en un nuevo ecosistema, el digital.

This book has been the result of research undertaken by the author since the 2000s. His thesis of ethnology, supported in 2007 at the Laval University (Quebec), focuses on the political uses of tourism and heritage, and how they are drivers of change in Tunisian society. Questioning how the tourism/heritage pair affects local reality, the question goes back to independence and continues until after the turn recorded from 2011 onwards. The first chapter clearly announces the gap between independence and the Revolution (pp. 35-53), similar moments in the eyes of the author. (.) ; International audience ; This book has been the result of research undertaken by the author since the 2000s. His thesis of ethnology, supported in 2007 at the Laval University (Quebec), focuses on the political uses of tourism and heritage, and how they are drivers of change in Tunisian society. Questioning how the tourism/heritage pair affects local reality, the question goes back to independence and continues until after the turn recorded from 2011 onwards. The first chapter clearly announces the gap between independence and the Revolution (pp. 35-53), similar moments in the eyes of the author. (.) ; Cet ouvrage est le fruit de recherches engagées par l'auteur depuis les années 2000. Sa thèse en ethnologie, soutenue en 2007 à l'Université Laval (Québec), est centrée sur les usages politiques du tourisme et du patrimoine, et la façon dont ils constituent des moteurs de changement dans la société tunisienne. Interrogeant la manière dont le binôme tourisme/patrimoine impacte la réalité locale, le questionnement remonte jusqu'à l'indépendance et se prolonge jusqu'après le virage enregistré à partir de 2011. Le premier chapitre annonce clairement le va-et-vient entre l'indépendance et la Révolution (pp. 35-53), moments comparables aux yeux de l'auteur. (.)

International audience Drawing upon a study carried out at a funeral home, a hospital, and a police station, this article explores the sociological study of emotions at work and their political dimension. First, it emphasizes the methodological contributions of comparative ethnography, arguing in favor of this combined methodology by seeking to highlight its refined use of observation and interviews by mobilizing various professional circles. Second, the article aims to understand the political handling of emotions in the workplace (especially what we term "emotional risk"). Emotional risk is often an invisible risk because it is normalized. It is an important issue for working conditions and their negotiation, but it is difficult to bring to the fore. It is often explained and legitimized by professional culture, more or less ignored by management, and relatively forgotten by trade union action. As a result, it rarely or never detaches itself from the local sphere and therefore does not acquire a broader political dimension, although public policies are showing a growing interest in matters of well-being at work. ; En s'appuyant sur une enquête menée dans les pompes funèbres, à l'hôpital et dans la police, l'article propose de traiter de l'étude sociologique des émotions au travail et de leur dimension politique. D'un côté, il souligne donc les apports méthodologiques de l'ethnographie comparée. L'article plaide en faveur de cette méthodologie combinée en cherchant à montrer la finesse qu'elle permet par l'usage de l'observation et des entretiens en mobilisant divers milieux professionnels. D'un autre côté, l'article vise à comprendre comment les émotions au travail (surtout ce que nous avons appelé le « risque émotionnel ») sont traitées politiquement. Le risque émotionnel peut apparaître souvent comme un risque invisibilisé, car normalisé. Il constitue un enjeu important pour les conditions de travail et leur négociation, mais il est délicat à mettre en avant. Il est souvent expliqué et légitimé par la ...

All the challenge of this survey is to describe the change in collective experiences and institutional environments based on the emergence of Islam in Paris. How does the trajectory of a mosque, its weekly footprint on the streets set a horizon of commitments, concerns, sensitisation and mobilisations to the Goutte d'Or? What institutional, legal and political arrangements may make it possible to find a solution to the ritual occupation of public space and to manage the equally public problem of establishing a place of worship? From prayer to the project of the Institut des Culture de l'Islam (ICI), this research aims to make an ethnography of the Muslim fact in the Goutte d'Or, making it possible to understand from the logic of proximity a process of stabilising and naturalising Islam in metropolitan France. ; Tout l'enjeu de cette enquête est de décrire la mutation d'expériences collectives et d'environnements institutionnels à partir de l'émergence de l'islam à Paris. Comment la trajectoire d'une mosquée, de son emprise hebdomadaire sur la rue ordonne-t-elle un horizon d'engagements, de concernement, de sensibilisations et de mobilisations à la Goutte d'Or ? Quels montages institutionnels, juridiques et politiques vont éventuellement permettre de trouver une solution à l'occupation rituelle de l'espace public et de gérer le problème tout aussi public de l'implantation d'un lieu de culte ? De la prière dans la rue au projet del'Institut des Culture de l'Islam (ICI), cette recherche se propose de faire une ethnographie du fait musulman à la Goutte d'Or, en faisant le pari de comprendre à partir des logiques de proximité un processus de stabilisation et de naturalisation de l'islam dans la métropole.

This article discusses from the point of view of the ethnology of parenthood the legal rules and social practices of the transfer of property in reconstituted French and Quebec families. It examines the possibilities for legal recognition of elective and pluralistic ties born in reconstituted families, and confronts them with the practices of succession within French and Quebec families, through the results of a survey carried out in France in the early 2000s among reconstituted families, and a research carried out in Montreal in 2006 in several notarial studies. Despite the freedom of will prevailing in Quebec, which is in line with the more stringent nature of French legislation, practices suggest a comparable use of the transfer of goods as a means of continuation of the person's family. However, transmission is usually limited to the second spouse and to biological and legal descendants. Step-children and 'selected' relationships arising from family recompositions are rarely represented, and where this is the case, it is the educational dimension of the relationship and the concern for equality between "siblings" that underpins their recognition through succession. The more open Quebec legislation makes it easier for these chosen relationships to be embodied in the transfer of goods. ; International audience The Choice of the Heirs. Property Succession and Stepfamilies in France and Quebec An ethnological analysis of legal norms and social practices associated with property succession in stepfamilies in France and Quebec was conducted in order to examine potential recognition of elected and plural kin in these configurations. The results presented here are based on two studies, one concerned with French stepfamilies (2000) and the other one carried out with lawyers in Montréal at the end of 2006. In Quebec, where the law is less restricting than in France, a will can entitle people with the right to freely dispose of their property. Despite legal differences, social practices draw comparable meanings of ...

during the xixe siecle, science is progressing in the knowledge of Colonese regions and the peoples living there. This 'ethnography' will spread the ideality, on the one hand, that not all 'breeds' are equal and, on the other hand, that that of Europeans is superior to others. During this period, the savers classify live especes from inferiors to the superiors and, within human espece, manage individuals according to their 'breed' on the basis of priority on the colour of their skin. in the years 1860-1880, history as a scientific discipline will, at least initially, strengthen this inegalitarian view of 'breeds'. By using the comparative analysis between the monkeys and the current Hommes, and, subsequently, fossil, anthropologists build on the presuppose of the existence of superior and inferious 'breeds'. In addition, the evolution of crops is breakthrough as a single and gradual transformation: from the primitive rescue industry (represented by the PreHistories and the 'Sauvages') to civilisation. These biological and cultural developments will lead to the development of ideologies with dramatic consequences for certain humans. ; Au cours du xixe siecle, la science progresse dans la connaissance des regions colonisees et des peuples qui y vivent. Cette « ethnographie » va propager l'idee, d'une part, que toutes les « races » ne sont pas egales et, d'autre part, que celle des Europeens est superieure aux autres. Durant cette periode, les savants classent les especes vivantes des inferieures aux superieures et, au sein de l'espece humaine, ils hierarchisent les individus en fonction de leur « race » en se fondant en priorite sur la couleur de leur peau. La reconnaissance, dans les annees 1860-1880, de la prehistoire en tant que discipline scientifique va, dans un premier temps au moins, conforter cette vision inegalitaire des « races ». En utilisant l'analyse comparative entre les singes et les Hommes actuels et, desormais, fossiles, les anthropologues affermissent le presuppose de l'existence de « races » ...

Policy ethnography approaches provide useful qualitative data that offer a nuanced and realistic ground-level view of policies, too often analyzed abstractly from the top. However, the ambition of these approaches must not be limited to producing more precise information. Fieldwork on the control of welfare recipients in France shows that ethnography, and more specifically direct observation, is particularly suited to uncovering the structural features of the new wave of public policies sweeping through advanced societies in the wake of demise of the Fordist-Keynesian compact. Indeed, among other consequences, the "de-objectivation" of the collective categories built during the process of welfare state development leads to more astringent and intense controls of recipients. These controls are based on loose criteria defined in situated practices and interactions. The ethnographic capture and analysis of the concrete practices of the agents of welfare bureaucracies enable us to track and critique the more abstract transformations of the social state in the age of "workfare." Such fieldwork provides an illustration of the empirical and theoretical potentials of critical policy ethnography. ; Les approches en termes de policy ethnography sont utiles pour la collecte d'un matériau qualitatif offrant une vision nuancée et réaliste de politiques qui sont le plus souvent abordées par le haut et de façon parfois assez abstraite. Leur ambition ne doit cependant pas se limiter à la production d'informations plus fines. À partir d'une enquête sur le contrôle des assistés sociaux en France, on verra ainsi que le travail ethnographique de terrain, et en particulier l'observation directe, peuvent s'avérer propices au dévoilement de caractéristiques structurelles de l'intervention publique. En l'occurrence, la désobjectivation des catégories collectives construites à la faveur du développement de l'Etat social conduit notamment à des contrôles sans cesse plus étroits des assistés. Ces contrôles sont fondés sur des critères ...