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This Open Access book explores the role of morality in social movements. Morality has always been central to social movements whether it be in the form of the moral foundations of movement claims, politics and ideologies, the values motivating participation, the new moral principles envisioned and practiced among movement participants, or the overall struggle over society's moral values that movements engage in. This is evident in movements emerging from recent interlinked crises: the crisis of human rights, the climate crisis, and the developing crisis of democracy. In analyzing these current events through a variety of theoretical, methodological, and empirical lenses, this book brings morality to the forefront of the discussion, allowing for a rethinking of its role. The book is divided into five parts. The first part introduces and explores the central concept of the book, outlining the dominant existing approaches to morality and ethics in the extant movement and civil society literature. The following three parts investigate morality in relation to topics and movements that are either prominent to contemporary politics or salient to the question of morality. In these empirically informed parts, the authors apply a diverse selection of methods spanning fieldwork, historiography, traditional and novel statistical analytical methods, and big data analysis to a diverse selection of data. Topics discussed include refugee solidarity movements, male privilege and anti-feminism movement, environmental and climate justice movements, and religious activism. The fifth and closing part of the book focuses on the more abstract theoretical question of the relationship between morality and ethics and activist practices and points to future research agendas. This book will be of general interest to students, scholars and academics within the disciplines of political sociology, -science and -anthropology and of particular interest to academics in the subfields of social movement and civil society studies.

"This book, now in is second edition, is the premier resource to learn SYCL 2020 and is the ONLY book you need to become part of this community." Erik Lindahl, GROMACS and Stockholm University Learn how to accelerate C++ programs using data parallelism and SYCL. This open access book enables C++ programmers to be at the forefront of this exciting and important development that is helping to push computing to new levels. This updated second edition is full of practical advice, detailed explanations, and code examples to illustrate key topics. SYCL enables access to parallel resources in modern accelerated heterogeneous systems. Now, a single C++ application can use any combination of devices–including GPUs, CPUs, FPGAs, and ASICs–that are suitable to the problems at hand. This book teaches data-parallel programming using C++ with SYCL and walks through everything needed to program accelerated systems. The book begins by introducing data parallelism and foundational topics for effective use of SYCL. Later chapters cover advanced topics, including error handling, hardware-specific programming, communication and synchronization, and memory model considerations. All source code for the examples used in this book is freely available on GitHub. The examples are written in modern SYCL and are regularly updated to ensure compatibility with multiple compilers. What You Will Learn Accelerate C++ programs using data-parallel programming Use SYCL and C++ compilers that support SYCL Write portable code for accelerators that is vendor and device agnostic Optimize code to improve performance for specific accelerators Be poised to benefit as new accelerators appear from many vendors Who This Book Is For New data-parallel programming and computer programmers interested in data-parallel programming using C++ This is an open access book.

Dieser Band unternimmt eine Bestandsaufnahme der Protagonisten im deutschen, österreichischen und schweizerischen Gesellschafts- und Kapitalmarktrecht. Er erläutert, wer zu den Gesellschaftsrechts-Honoratioren unserer Zeit zählt und welche Gestaltungskräfte den innerdisziplinären Fachdiskurs prägen. Erörtert werden die Rolle der Gerichte, Firmenbuchgerichte und Handelsregisterämter, der Einfluss von Rechtsberatern und Wirtschaftsprüfern sowie die Tätigkeit der österreichischen und schweizerischen Übernahmekommission. Schließlich wird auch die gewachsene Bedeutung der Politik für das Gesellschaftsrecht unter die Lupe genommen.

This is an open access book. This edited volume discusses topics in environmental economics with a focus on sustainability, conservation, and responsible resource management. Written in memory of Peter Berck, Professor of Agricultural and Resource Economics at the University of California, Berkeley, the chapters expand upon his insights about the connections between human activities and the natural world. The volume includes a selection of research on agriculture, energy, forestry, fisheries, land use, recycling, and conservation – all parts of the broad question of how natural resources can meet human needs while avoiding environmental degradation. Written from a 21st century perspective, with concerns about climate, renewable energy, biodiversity, and sustainable development, this volume will be of interest to researchers and students of agricultural and resource economics.

Five decades ago, first works and researches that have as title or subject « Envi-ronmental accounting », « Ecological accounting », or « Social accounting » have emerged. In these works, there are notably examples of accounting for strong sustainability approach in the agricultural sector. This paper searches for account-ing for sustainability premise in the French agricultural accounting literature of XVII-beginning of XIX centuries. It demonstrates that this literature presented some strong sustainability issues, although as a productivity and innovation dif-fusion condition, even earlier that the term of "accounting for sustainability" ex-isted.

It is the aim of this paper to analyse the importance of (double-entry) bookkeeping for the economic development in Europe and its possible indirect influence on economic growth. Being one of the most important commercial techniques of the European merchants double-entry bookkeeping stayed in close relationship to the expansion of trade. So, the distribution of different bookkeeping techniques all over Western and Central Europe, took place, on one hand, through the extensive commercial contacts of Italian merchant-bankers with merchants of regions north of the Alps and because of the need of many non-Italian merchants to consolidate their commercial knowledge in Italy through specific studies and/or through acquiring practical knowledge. On the other, treaties on (double-entry) bookkeeping supported its diffusion. The study analyses examples of ledgers as 'mirrors' of their enterprises' activities, and it will be shown how such ledgers served as instruments for reducing various risks of entrepreneurial engagement. As a result it will become clear that the knowledge of the technique of double-entry bookkeeping was one of the preconditions of the commercial and, later on, the industrial expansion of the Europeans, which made a significant difference to other merchant cultures in the world.

The aim of this paper is to verify that in economies prior to the 18th century and from the Middle Ages onwards, there was a significant increase in the application of knowledge in the goods produced and a development of both technological and organizational innovation, i.e. "useful knowledge". It is also a question of verifying the effect of cultures, institutions and power structures on the generation of knowledge, its diffusion and its technological and productive use. In conclusion, the reduction of risk and the increase of productivity were aspects linked to the "knowledge economy" also in the pre-industrial era.

Ceramics have been essential in the domestic sphere and their production has undergone in the preindustrial era technological and cultural changes whose importance is obvious. This paper is to show in a very concise way how the production of European glazed ceramics underwent three phases of intense transformation of useful knowledge related to its production, with a successive accumulation leading to increasingly efficient results and a higher level of productivity. Moreover, it can be safely stated that, without this accumulation, the great progress of the 19th century in this area would have been impossible.

This article explores the conditions under which alum production has developed in the Western Mediterranean, in the second half of the fifteenth century. In two decades, between about 1460 and 1480, several important production sites have appeared in the Italian peninsula or in the Iberian peninsula. They have provided European industries and crafts with quality alum, and they quickly overshadowed sources of supply, that had previously prevailed in Anatolia or the Aegean Sea. The article discusses the useful knowledge mobilized to facilitate this growth, in particular, the techniques used and the players involved in this changeover.

this article explores the likelihood that early modern printers had de-veloped rudimentary practices aimed at assessing their market of refer-ence to pursue strategic commercial planning. It surreys the inner evi-dence of a single manuscript bibliographic compiled by a minor mem-ber of the Giunta publishing house active in Venice in order to pro-pose the hypothesis that said catalogue may have been instrumental to commercial bibliometrics aimed to avoid harmful competition between redundant editions within the same market area.

Mit der Digitalisierung geht eine Entgrenzung der Öffentlichkeit einher. Medientechnologien stellen nicht nur Möglichkeitsräume bereit, in denen Konflikte verhandelt werden. Sie transformieren auch den politischen Diskurs. Vor allem »die sozialen Medien« werden oft als Bedrohung einer konstruktiven Debattenkultur betrachtet. Die Beiträger*innen treten einen Schritt zurück und fragen aus sozial-, kulturwissenschaftlicher und philosophischer Perspektive, wie Öffentlichkeiten hergestellt und transformiert werden. Sie erörtern theoretische sowie empirische Perspektiven und analysieren normative Fragestellungen, die angesichts globaler Dynamiken und neuer Formen von Kulturkonflikten an Bedeutung gewinnen.

COVID-19 turned the world as we knew it upside down, impacting families around the world in profound ways. Seeking to understand this global experience, Family Life in the Time of COVID brings together case studies from 10 countries that explore how local responses to the pandemic shaped, and were shaped by, understandings and practices of family life. Carried out by an international team during the first year of the pandemic, these in-depth, longitudinal, qualitative investigations examined the impact of the pandemic on families and relationships across diverse contexts and cultures. They looked at how families made sense of complex lockdown laws, how they coped with collective worry about the unknown, managed their finances, fed themselves, and got to grips with online work and schooling to understand better how life had transformed (or not). In short, the research revealed their everyday joys and struggles in times of great uncertainty. Each case study follows the same methodology revealing experiences in Argentina, Chile, Pakistan, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Sweden, Taiwan, the United Kingdom and the USA. They show how local government responses were understood and responded to by families, and how different cultures and life circumstances impacted everyday life during the pandemic. Ultimately the analysis demonstrates how experiences of global social upheaval are shaped by international and local policies, as well as the sociocultural ideas and practices of diverse families.

Einsames Sterben und ein sozial unbegleitetes Lebensende sind alltägliche, doch häufig verborgene soziale Probleme. In einer vielschichtigen sozialwissenschaftlichen Analyse verknüpft Susanne Loke Erkenntnisse der Einsamkeits-, Sterbe- und Ungleichheitsforschung im städtischen Raum zu innovativen Ergebnissen. Sie veranschaulicht die Ambivalenzen eines einsamen und unentdeckten Todes als Endpunkt einer abwärts gerichteten Spirale der Einsamkeit und sozialen Isolation bzw. Exklusion. Die Feldforschung in einem sterbenden Sozialraum gibt marginalisierten Menschen das Wort, die sonst nicht gehört werden, und lässt die Leser*innen teils beklommen zurück.

Knowledge of accounting before the evolution of academic economic knowledge was practical knowledge. In the context of the studies about the development of accounting techniques, the debates leave out the bookkeeper. The hypothesis here is that, due to the diversification of investments on the behalf of the personal properties in late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, an expert accountant appeared as bookkeeper of the personal account books at the merchant bankers' households. In Florence, future merchants were trained in elementary schools and later on in classes the masters of abacus. In their exercise books, the masters of abacus published, we find a lot of algebraic problems which are illustrated by accounting operations. However, at least in Florence manuals on accounting did not exist. So, the young merchant bankers and bookkeepers learned by doing. A case study about an accountant, Matteo Brandolini, who was the bookkeeper of the papal banker's son Alamanno Salviati, shall exemplify this tendency. When the patricians and merchant bankers invested more extensively in secondary markets, they were in the need of highly qualified staff.

Russlands Krieg gegen die Ukraine, Pandemie, Klimawandel und Extremwetterereignisse: Immer neue Krisen erschüttern die Gesellschaften weltweit. Zugleich steigt die Zahl der Gewaltkonflikte, an denen häufig nichtstaatliche, irreguläre Milizen und Rebellen beteiligt sind. Das Friedensgutachten 2023 zeigt auf, welche Handlungsspielräume die deutsche Politik nach der »Zeitenwende« in der Friedens- und Sicherheitspolitik hat. Zentrale Themen sind die Erhöhung der Widerstandsfähigkeit im Globalen Süden angesichts multipler Krisen sowie die Entwicklung eines Ansatzes, Rüstungskontrolle neu zu denken und gegen Desinformationen zu schützen. Ebenso im Fokus stehen die kluge Gestaltung des Handels mit unbequemen Partnern, die Förderung von kooperativen Beziehungen und der Kampf gegen die Polarisierung demokratischer Gesellschaften. Mit seinen konkreten Handlungsempfehlungen für Bundestag und Bundesregierung ist das Friedensgutachten ein zentrales Medium für den Dialog zwischen Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik. Die deutschen Friedensforschungsinstitute (BICC/HSFK/IFSH/INEF) geben das Gutachten seit 1987 heraus.