Suchergebnisse

We use end-of-life decision making as a case for examining processes of gatekeeping in medical settings. End-of-life is an exemplar in a broader context of research in professionalized and institutionalized medical settings. Influences of biomedicalization, increases in consumer (patient) options, decreases in physician authority, and a proliferation of treatment options all contribute to a context in which ethnographic study of medical settings is more complex, more urgently needed, and potentially more difficult at the same time. Building on existing literature, we suggest that gaining access to a research site is less a matter of entrée through a gate and more a long-term navigation of a dynamic social web of actors, relationships, and organizations. Further, we borrow from Nader's (1974) concept of 'studying up' to examine how elite power processes may be reflected in gatekeeping. Our discussion of lessons learned considers methodological and conceptual implications with broad relevance for qualitative researchers.

The article's aim is to illustrate the intersection of Sport Diplomacy and Sport for Development approaches. The value of exploring this relationship is to realise the potential contribution of sport diplomacy to the practitioners and policy makers within the sportscape, including those addressing Sport for Development SfD, in providing the skills and tools to critically reflect on their own practices and more effectively operate in the diplomatic realm. Sport diplomacy provides a set of navigation skills to enhance practitioner's abilities to operate across the sportscape. The practice of sport diplomacy aggregates different stakeholders and their non-aligned goals into contextually defined and aligned purposes. It recognises simultaneous relationships across several realms, and provides a principal explanatory tool for previously unrealized discourses across a network of networks. The article's analysis demonstrates the coexistence of complimentary and conflictual interests and practices: challenges arise, as well as opportunities for future alignments and complimentary practices.

This project follows the story of Reira Isla, a princess coming of age in an isolationist, and very conservative, kingdom. Her tale explores the expansive effects of religion on society and how it is capable of influencing social norms, relationships, and politics without directly intending to. The goal of writing Reira and the society she inhabits is to deconstruct biases related to religion and analyze how it influences all aspects of life. This, in turn, will bring awareness of these issues in the real world to the audience. The major focus of the story involves closely following characters and their navigation of their identities in relation to the world around them. While religious bias is the main theme, religion also bleeds into social issues related to race, gender, and the LGBT+ community. Reira's story, in particular, focuses on how a queer, mixed race woman in a position of power navigates her identity through social expectation and prejudice.

In the process of the continuous development and improvement of modern military systems, military unmanned vehicles play an important role in field reconnaissance and strategic deployment. In this paper, the precise tracking algorithm of a military unmanned vehicle, based on GPS navigation, is studied. Firstly, the optimal preview point is obtained according to the data points of a differential GPS signal. Secondly, the pure tracking algorithm is used to calculate the demand steering angle, and a variable universe fuzzy sliding mode controller is designed to control the lateral motion of the vehicle, which is verified by the joint simulation platform of Simulink and CarSim, under multiple working conditions. Finally, the actual vehicle is verified by using the Autobox platform. The results show that the lateral motion control of path tracking designed in this paper can achieve an accurate and effective control effect, and has real-time performance for engineering applications.

In mobile robotics research, the exploration of unknown environments has always been an important topic due to its practical uses in consumer and military applications. One specific interest of recent investigation is the field of complete coverage and path planning (CCPP) techniques for mobile robot navigation. In this paper, we present a collaborative CCPP algorithms for single robot and multi-robot systems. The incremental coverage from the robot movement is maximized by evaluating a new cost function. A goal selection function is then designed to facilitate the collaborative exploration for a multi-robot system. By considering the local gains from the individual robots as well as the global gain by the goal selection, the proposed method is able to optimize the overall coverage efficiency. In the experiments, our CCPP algorithms are carried out on various unknown and complex environment maps. The simulation results and performance evaluation demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed collaborative CCPP technique.

This design report reflects the inter- and transdisciplinary cooperation challenges of a large-scale research project that was lacking a designated problem and project constitution phase. Using the example of the Kopernikus project Energy Transition Navigation System (ENavi), we describe the challenges - the high number and strong heterogeneity of the project participants combined with the large size of the spatial frame of reference - which created particularly difficult conditions for inter- and transdisciplinary cooperation. We also highlight the role that funding conditions played in this situation. Specifically, we explain the particular challenges that the ENavi project faced in its efforts to achieve a common orientation, integration, and practice-actor participation as fundamental requirements for an inter- and trans - disciplinary research project. We also outline the approaches to solutions for these challenges developed by the project. Finally, we draw a number of lessons from the ENavi experience for interand transdisciplinary research regarding large-scale projects.

A full understanding of the legal doctrine of successorship under the labor law sometimes eludes even the most seasoned labor professionals. It can be a particularly nasty trap for the unwary union‐free employer who purchases a unionized business. In such situations, generally speaking, a buyer who continues the same operations and hires a majority of its employees from the seller's workforce must recognize the union that represented the seller's employees. In limited circumstances, a buyer may be able to establish initial terms and conditions of employment that differ from those of the seller. However, absent careful navigation of this area of the law, missteps can result in unlawful unilateral changes to employment. The unsuspecting buyer can also face liability for discrimination against union employees who resigned their employment in light of the buyer's failure to abide by successorship law, as was the case in Zeigler North Riverside, LLC, 370 NLRB No. 41 (2020).

China has worked with Russia to formulate a strategic partnership in the post–Cold War era to counter US containment and make the world order "more reasonable" and "fairer." China has synchronized its military collaboration with Russia to modernize the once obsolete People's Liberation Army (PLA) in pursuit of these objectives. The partnership and the modernization of the PLA reveal China's preparedness for US military intervention in Taiwan and the South China Sea and for the power transition triggered by China's ascent at the systemic (global) level. This reflects China's intention to attain two goals: the first, to safeguard its territorial sovereignty particularly over the South China Sea, which has been in escalating disputes since US adoption of the strategies of "pivot to Asia" and "free navigation operations"; and the second, to protect China's dream of national rejuvenation and reemergence as a great power from being interrupted by foreign intervention.

AbstractStudying the aspirations of young men, in Mathare, Nairobi, highlights their social becoming in contexts in which they incessantly risk social and physical death. Taking aspiration as a relational concept brings into view the temporal and spatial interactions between different aspirations and how these connect to emerging and future pathways of these young men. The ensuing relationalities at play are analysed through their context-bound negotiations of dominant gender norms to elucidate how these inform their social navigation towards male respectability, now and in the future. Adding the dimension of positionality here is useful to bring out how individual negotiations of gender norms in space and over time allows a nuanced view on situated entanglements of aspirations, pathways and dominant discourses and how these convolute and intensify in particular decision-making processes. The analyses are based on longitudinal ethnographic research with youth gangs in Nairobi for four months annually on average since 2005.

Abstract
This article argues that Iberian consulates in the United States identified the emergence of a "privateering archipelago," a new revolutionary interimperial legal/economic regime stretching from Rhode Island to the greater Caribbean in the post-Napoleonic decade. Spanish consuls' successful navigation of the privateering archipelago enabled them to expand the power of Cuban slavers into the southern U.S. Spanish consuls' confrontation with privateers became a driving force in the revival of the slave trade after its international condemnation at the Congress of Vienna (1815). Even though there were many ways in which Spanish consulates used the entanglement between privateering and slaving to strengthen the colonial hold on slavery, it was by means of whitening passports that they sought to institutionalize their power in the privateering archipelago. Intended to disenfranchise free gente de color and to re-commodify African slaves, the policy of whitening passports ended up marginalizing mariners and alienating them from consuls.

AbstractThe Straits of Malacca and Singapore are two of the busiest maritime chokepoints in the world. As straits used for international navigation categorized under Article 37 of the Law of the Sea Convention 1982 (LOSC), littoral States of Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore possess no rights to deny the exercise of the transit passage regime by foreign vessels plying these Straits. As a result, the marine environment of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore is gradually affected particularly by operational discharges from vessels. This article looks at the possibility of designating the Straits of Malacca and Singapore as a "Special Area" under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78). This paper concludes by recommending the most appropriate "Special Area" designation under any of the Annexes of MARPOL 73/78 for the Straits of Malacca and Singapore.

Youth/parent relations can be an important influence on young peoples' transition to adulthood. For youths and their parents from migrant and refugee backgrounds, this transition can also be influenced by a series of unique challenges linked to processes of acculturation in a new cultural setting. The purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand the influence of youth/parent relationships throughout Australian Sudanese and South Sudanese youths' transitions to adulthood. Using a voice-centred relational methodology (VCRM) approach and Bourdieu's theory of practice, the voices of participants are placed at the centre of the research. Findings suggest that youth/parent relationships within these communities have a considerable influence on Australian Sudanese and South Sudanese youths' perspectives on the transition to adulthood. This was found to be particularly influenced by navigations of Australian and Sudanese/South Sudanese cultural norms and expectations and how these are balanced throughout the transition to adulthood.

Ensuring that environments are designed to cater for those with decreasing orientation, perceptual and mobility skills, is an example of how environments are being changed to become more age and dementia friendly. However, environmental design should directly involve potential users of the environment to ensure that their views are accounted for. Four open-ended questions, focusing on orientation strategies, reasons for disorientation, and design preferences, were given to 32 older adults after they had completed a route learning task through an unfamiliar environment. A Content Analysis found a strong focus on participants' ability to memorize routes based on verbally encoding the route and on their ability to remember landmarks, with the reports linking closely to cognitive theories of navigation. Design suggestions included the importance of a homely and welcoming environment, memorable features, and access to the outdoors. The findings can be used inform age and dementia friendly design principles.

AbstractThis article discusses the social mobility of combatants and introduces the notion of circular return to explain their pendular state of movement between civilian and combatant life. This phenomenon is widely observed in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where Congolese youth have been going in and out of armed groups for several decades now. While the notion of circular return has its origins in migration and refugee studies, we show that it also serves as a useful lens to understand the navigation capacity between different social spaces of combatants and to describe and understand processes of incessant armed mobilization and demobilization. In conceptualizing these processes as forms of circular return, we want to move beyond the remobilization discourse, which is too often connected to an assumed failure of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration processes. We argue that this discourse tends to ignore combatants' agency and larger processes of socialization and social rupture as part of armed mobilization.

In this article, Fundamental British Values (FBV) are understood as a token attempt toward societal inclusion and empowerment of all citizens. Rather than providing meaningful routes for all individuals to be included in British citizenship, FBV are built on foundations of "inclusionism"—the inclusion of marginalized identity groups in society, on the premise that existing social structures are not threatened. Disabled women's responses to sociocultural stereotypes surrounding disability and gender are interpreted through a feminist disability studies lens. Empirical data, gathered within a larger research project which examined disabled women's responses to the representation of disabled women in Anglo-American advertising, are drawn on and connections are made between the growing trend of promoting diversity in advertising, and superficial approaches to diversity and empowerment of all citizens, enacted in FBV. Two key themes underpin this critical discussion: participant resistance to "pity" narratives surrounding the portrayal of disabled women in advertising and disabled women's navigation of "belonging" in exclusionary environments.