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Keeping into consideration importance of citation analysis as a method of journal evaluation criteria study is initiated to highlight impact of journals which were removed by UGC presuming that journals are receiving citation attention as they are published by reputed publishers. The study aims to raise the awareness of increasing prevalence of citations to the journal articles considered as low quality by UGC. It demonstrated that many articles from the removed journals are deeply interwoven in the scientific literature and are cited by authors which later on publish in reputed publication outlet. Thus, the decision considering journal as low quality is not sufficient rather a proper mechanism should framed regarding citing low quality literature. Furthermore, declaring a journal as low quality or removing it from a country listing of white journals cannot change the entire landscape of scientific communication unless a collective effort at international level is initiated to curb the problem of low quality research and duplicated efforts.

The analysis of the process of regionalization in the UK and the main modern trends of regionalization and their role in the political processes of Great Britain are determined. The positive developments in British society are considered, the reason for which was the expansion of the circle of power competencies of local authorities. It has been established that regionalization can be considered as the result of the general state crisis process, expressed in the diffusion of power, that is, it goes both up – to transnational organizations, and down – to the regions and institutions of the community. The general causes of regionalization are the desire to make the government more efficient, to shift to the regional authorities a part of the decision-making powers, to satisfy the needs of various sectors of society for self- government. It is noted that the problem of regionalization within the country arises today in many countries based on the ideas of autonomy based on history, geography, culture and other paths that go back centuries and millennia. However, right now, convenient conditions are being created for spreading the very idea of regionalization, the revival of such processes with renewed vigor, which are affected by numerous catalysts, the main one being globalization. National minorities continue to declare their role and receive active support and protection from the international community, firmly relying on international law, using the opportunity to convey their position to the international community and unite like-minded people using all possible means. ; Здійснено аналіз процесу регіоналізації у Великій Британії. Визначено основні сучасні тенденції регіоналізації та їх роль у політичних процесах Великої Британії. Розглянуто позитивні зрушення в британському суспільстві, причиною яких стало розширення кола владних компетенцій місцевих органів. Установлено, що регіоналізацію можна розглядати як результат загального процесу кризи держави, що виражається в дифузії влади, тобто вона переходить як вверх – до транснаціональних організацій, так і вниз – до регіонів та інститутів громадської спільноти. Загальні причини регіоналізації виступають у прагненні зробити владу більш ефективною, перекласти на регіональну владу частину повноважень за прийняття рішень, задовольнити потреби тих чи інших прошарків суспільства до самоуправління. Висвітлено те, що проблема регіоналізації всередині країни виникає на сьогодні в багатьох країнах на основі ідей автономії, спираючись на історію, географію, культуру та інші шляхи, які йдуть вглиб століть та тисячоліть. Однак, саме зараз створюються зручні умови для розповсюдження самої ідеї регіоналізації, відродження подібних процесів із новою силою, на які діють численні каталізатори, головним із яких виступає глобалізація. Національні меншини продовжують заявляти про свою роль й отримують активну підтримку та захист зі сторони міжнародного співтовариства, твердо спираючись на норми міжнародного права, використовуючи можливість донести свою позицію до світової спільноти й об'єднати однодумців, використовуючи всі можливі засоби.

Erste gründliche Aufarbeitungen zum Thema Völkermord wurden fast ausschließlich im Zusammenhang mit den Verbrechen an der jüdischen Bevölkerung, begangen durch das Dritte Reich, vorgenommen. Angesichts dieser schwerwiegenden Menschenrechtsverletzungen wird oft vergessen, dass auch Teile der deutschen Bevölkerung zu Opfern bestialischer Verbrechen wurden. Zu Beginn des Zweiten Weltkrieges lebten etwa 540 000 Menschen deutscher Muttersprache in der Föderativen Volksrepublik Jugoslawien. Es fielen etwa 200 000 Volksdeutsche zwischen Oktober 1944 und April 1945 der Herrschaft von Titos Partisanenbewegung zum Opfer.Die klar erkennbare Absicht des Tito-Regimes, die in Jugoslawien ansässige deutschsprachige Minderheit als Gruppe zu vernichten, lässt nur den einen Schluss zu: Es handelte sich um Völkermord. Im Fall der Föderativen Volksrepublik Jugoslawien und den von den Partisanen verfolgten und vertriebenen Volksdeutschen und Altösterreichern, wurde nie ein Urteil eines Internationalen Gerichts gefällt. Der Großteil der Überlebenden Volksdeutschen und Altösterreicher wurde bis heute weder für die erlittenen physischen und psychischen Schäden, noch für den Verlust des Eigentums entschädigt.Der Kern dieser Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Menschen- und Völkerrechtsverletzungen an der deutschsprachigen Minderheit Jugoslawiens von 1944 bis 1948 durch das Tito-Regime unter Einbeziehung des damals geltenden Völkerrechtes. Die Frage, ob und warum es sich in diesem Fall um Völkermord handelte soll dadurch abschließend geklärt werden. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch auf die völkerrechtliche Entschädigungspflicht, Österreichs, resultierend aus Art 27 des Staatsvertrages von Wien von 1955, und Jugoslawiens, resultierend aus den vom Tito-Regime vorgenommenen Enteignungen, eingegangen. Ebenso wird der Umgang der Nachfolgestaaten Jugoslawiens mit dieser Vergangenheit am Beispiel Slowenien und Kroatien dargestellt. ; Nearly all papers to the topic genocide examine the crimes of the Third Reich against the Jew-ish people. Because of this crimes against human rights, there will be often forgotten, that parts of the German people also became victims of cruel crimes. At the beginning of the Second World War, nearly 54 000 people with German mother tongue were living in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Between October 1944 and April 1945 approximately 200 000 people of German descent became victims of Tito`s Partisans. The obvious intention of the Tito regime to eradicate the entirety of people of German descent prompt that the matter at hand has been genocide. People of German and Austrian descent, which were persecuted and exiled by the Partisans, were never the topic of any judgment of an international court upon this day most of them are not reimbursed for their physical and psychological damage nor their property. This work investigates the crimes against humanity on the German minority committed by the Tito regime between 1944 and 1948, applying the International Law of this period. The ques-tion if and why this case has been genocide was tried to resolve once and for all. Furthermore, Austrias statutory duty for war reparations, based on Art 27 of the Austrian independence treaty of 1955, and also Yugoslavias were analyzed respective their war reparations for the expropriation done by Tito`s regime. Finally also how the succession states of Yugoslavia, in case of Slovenia and Croatia, are handling this past. ; vorgelegt von Kristina Eleonora Lackner ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Zsfassungen in dt. und engl. Sprache ; Graz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2015 ; (VLID)779825

Full text ; HISTORY OF NATURE CONSERVATION IN ESTONIA. The historical development of nature conservation ideas can be divided into a number of phases. A simple division identi - fies five phases in the international development of nature protection in Europe, as in Estonia: (1) the common law phase, (2) the phase of narrow regulations restricting the use of nature resources, (3) the protection of nature monuments and species protection, (4) the establishment of multifunctional protected areas, and (5) the nature protection outside protected areas, cross-sectoral approach to preserving landscape and biological diversity. First, the roots of nature conservation stem from folk religion. Records from the 13th century speak of sacred trees and groves that were worshipped and preserved. The era of narrow restrictions on the use of natural resources followed. According to historical documents, in 1297 the Danish King Erik Menved issued a strict order to prohibit the cutting of coastal woods on four islands near Tallinn. This is the first known Act at the national level to establish nature conservation over a relatively large area in Estonia. The more systematic study of nature and propagation of nature conservation ideas started in the middle of the 19th century. The first protected area in Estonia was established in 1910: a bird sanctuary was created on the Vaika islets of the west coast of Saaremaa. The first Nature Conservation Act was passed in 1935. World War II and the starting Soviet Era disrupted the nature conservation activities. It was not until 11 July 1957 that the third Nature Conservation Act was passed; it was the first Act on nature conservation in the Soviet Union. The first protected area based on international principles – Lahemaa National Park, the first national park in the entire Soviet Union – was established in 1971. In 1981, Lahemaa became the first Estonian protected area to receive a development plan, the predecessor of the modern management plan. One of the key nature conservation decisions in newly independent Estonia was to preserve the continuity of protected areas: areas that had been granted protection in the Soviet era remained under conservation in the Republic of Estonia, regardless of land ownership. The Protection of Natural objects Act enacted in 1994 served as the foundation of this principle. From the mid-1990s, nature conservation in Estonia has been characterized by assumption of the obligations of EU nature con - servation and applying the concept of the nature protection outside protected areas, cross-sectoral approach to preserving landscape. Currently, the primary basic piece of legislation governing nature conservation in Estonia is the Nature Con - servation Act (2004). As of 2010, Estonia is party to around ten international treaties that directly or indirectly deal with protection of flora and fauna. Hanno Zingel, Kalev Sepp

States hosting terrorist groups often receive foreign aid from donors who have an interest in reducing the level of terrorism in these countries. However, existing work is inconclusive on the question of whether such aid is effective at bringing about favorable counterterrorism outcomes. Aid scholars argue that the political structure of the recipient regime is an important determinant of development aid effectiveness. I apply this logic to the topic of counterterrorism aid and argue that the effects of foreign aid on terrorism will be conditional on recipient political incentives. In particular, personalist dictatorships are unique in their reliance upon external sources of revenue with which to keep their regimes afloat. Thus, rents from foreign aid encourage these regimes to become counterterrorism "racketeers", offering their services in exchange for a fee. But rather than fixing the problem, they perpetuate it, as their survival is conditional upon a perpetual security threat. Using a variety of data on regime type, terrorist attacks, and terrorist group duration, I find that in personalist regimes, US aid significantly increases levels of terrorist activity. This paper contributes to the literature linking foreign aid and terrorism by considering domestic politics as an important determinant of counterterrorism aid effectiveness.

This study examines the socio-economic and political foundations of Nigeria's foreign policy during the Second Republic and their lessons in charting a new path in the 21st Century. It explores how neo-colonialism, within the context of an international capitalist economy, intensified class antagonism, socio-economic and political contradictions, which impinged negatively on the foreign policy initiatives and postures of Nigeria between 1979 and 1983. Drawing insights from the Marxist political economy approach, this fresh study departs from the common orientation of economic determinism by focusing on the complex interplay between the political, economic and social subsystems through the historical materialist approach to which little attention has hitherto been paid. The study made use of primary data through the conduct of interviews and also relied on secondary sources. The study found that the distorted and peripheral role of dependent neo-colonial Nigeria in the world capitalist economy, its sole reliance on oil and the neglect of agriculture generated socio-political and economic crises that constrained it from pursuing viable foreign policy goals during the period under study. The paper concluded that the pursuit of bold and impactful foreign policy goals by Nigeria depends on its ability to reactivate the non-oil sector of its economy, particularly the agricultural and manufacturing sectors.

International audience ; The soaring world cereal prices in 2007/2008 and the subsequent riots in several sub-Saharan African cities reignited the debate on food security policy. Could rising world cereal prices actually be a blessing in terms of boosting food production by guaranteeing more attractive prices for farmers? This implies determining whether global price fluctuations are actually transmitted to national market prices. This was the objective of a study focusing on five countries in the region. Between 1994 and 2009, the degree of transmission of world rice prices to domestic markets varied considerably from one country to another: low or even inexistent in Mali, Cameroon and Madagascar; high in Senegal and Niger. The 2007/2008 price increases made no structural changes to the types of transmission identified over the long term. The segmentation of food markets between imported rice, local rice and other foodstuffs explains this imperfect transmission of global prices to sub-Saharan markets. This finding must be taken into consideration in food security strategies in sub-Saharan Africa. ; La flambée des cours mondiaux des céréales en 2007/2008 et les émeutes qui l'ont accompagnée dans plusieurs villes d'Afrique subsaharienne ont réactivé les débats sur les politiques de sécurité alimentaire. La hausse du prix des céréales ne serait-elle pas une aubaine pour relancer la production vivrière en assurant des prix plus attractifs aux agriculteurs ? Encore fallait-il vérifier si les fluctuations des cours mondiaux se transmettent aux prix sur les marchés nationaux. Tel était l'objectif d'une étude portant sur cinq pays de la région. Entre 1994 et 2009, le degré de transmission des cours mondiaux du riz sur les marchés intérieurs a fortement varié selon les pays : faible, voire inexistant au Mali, au Cameroun et à Madagascar ; fort au Sénégal et au Niger. La flambée de 2007/2008 ne modifie pas structurellement les formes de transmission identifiées sur longue période. Le cloisonnement des marchés alimentaires entre le riz importé, le riz local et les autres produits vivriers explique cette transmission imparfaite des cours mondiaux aux marchés subsahariens. Ce résultat doit être pris en compte pour les stratégies de sécurité alimentaire en Afrique subsaharienne.

International audience ; The soaring world cereal prices in 2007/2008 and the subsequent riots in several sub-Saharan African cities reignited the debate on food security policy. Could rising world cereal prices actually be a blessing in terms of boosting food production by guaranteeing more attractive prices for farmers? This implies determining whether global price fluctuations are actually transmitted to national market prices. This was the objective of a study focusing on five countries in the region. Between 1994 and 2009, the degree of transmission of world rice prices to domestic markets varied considerably from one country to another: low or even inexistent in Mali, Cameroon and Madagascar; high in Senegal and Niger. The 2007/2008 price increases made no structural changes to the types of transmission identified over the long term. The segmentation of food markets between imported rice, local rice and other foodstuffs explains this imperfect transmission of global prices to sub-Saharan markets. This finding must be taken into consideration in food security strategies in sub-Saharan Africa. ; La flambée des cours mondiaux des céréales en 2007/2008 et les émeutes qui l'ont accompagnée dans plusieurs villes d'Afrique subsaharienne ont réactivé les débats sur les politiques de sécurité alimentaire. La hausse du prix des céréales ne serait-elle pas une aubaine pour relancer la production vivrière en assurant des prix plus attractifs aux agriculteurs ? Encore fallait-il vérifier si les fluctuations des cours mondiaux se transmettent aux prix sur les marchés nationaux. Tel était l'objectif d'une étude portant sur cinq pays de la région. Entre 1994 et 2009, le degré de transmission des cours mondiaux du riz sur les marchés intérieurs a fortement varié selon les pays : faible, voire inexistant au Mali, au Cameroun et à Madagascar ; fort au Sénégal et au Niger. La flambée de 2007/2008 ne modifie pas structurellement les formes de transmission identifiées sur longue période. Le cloisonnement des marchés alimentaires entre le riz importé, le riz local et les autres produits vivriers explique cette transmission imparfaite des cours mondiaux aux marchés subsahariens. Ce résultat doit être pris en compte pour les stratégies de sécurité alimentaire en Afrique subsaharienne.

International audience ; The soaring world cereal prices in 2007/2008 and the subsequent riots in several sub-Saharan African cities reignited the debate on food security policy. Could rising world cereal prices actually be a blessing in terms of boosting food production by guaranteeing more attractive prices for farmers? This implies determining whether global price fluctuations are actually transmitted to national market prices. This was the objective of a study focusing on five countries in the region. Between 1994 and 2009, the degree of transmission of world rice prices to domestic markets varied considerably from one country to another: low or even inexistent in Mali, Cameroon and Madagascar; high in Senegal and Niger. The 2007/2008 price increases made no structural changes to the types of transmission identified over the long term. The segmentation of food markets between imported rice, local rice and other foodstuffs explains this imperfect transmission of global prices to sub-Saharan markets. This finding must be taken into consideration in food security strategies in sub-Saharan Africa. ; La flambée des cours mondiaux des céréales en 2007/2008 et les émeutes qui l'ont accompagnée dans plusieurs villes d'Afrique subsaharienne ont réactivé les débats sur les politiques de sécurité alimentaire. La hausse du prix des céréales ne serait-elle pas une aubaine pour relancer la production vivrière en assurant des prix plus attractifs aux agriculteurs ? Encore fallait-il vérifier si les fluctuations des cours mondiaux se transmettent aux prix sur les marchés nationaux. Tel était l'objectif d'une étude portant sur cinq pays de la région. Entre 1994 et 2009, le degré de transmission des cours mondiaux du riz sur les marchés intérieurs a fortement varié selon les pays : faible, voire inexistant au Mali, au Cameroun et à Madagascar ; fort au Sénégal et au Niger. La flambée de 2007/2008 ne modifie pas structurellement les formes de transmission identifiées sur longue période. Le cloisonnement des marchés alimentaires entre le riz importé, le riz local et les autres produits vivriers explique cette transmission imparfaite des cours mondiaux aux marchés subsahariens. Ce résultat doit être pris en compte pour les stratégies de sécurité alimentaire en Afrique subsaharienne.

International audience ; The soaring world cereal prices in 2007/2008 and the subsequent riots in several sub-Saharan African cities reignited the debate on food security policy. Could rising world cereal prices actually be a blessing in terms of boosting food production by guaranteeing more attractive prices for farmers? This implies determining whether global price fluctuations are actually transmitted to national market prices. This was the objective of a study focusing on five countries in the region. Between 1994 and 2009, the degree of transmission of world rice prices to domestic markets varied considerably from one country to another: low or even inexistent in Mali, Cameroon and Madagascar; high in Senegal and Niger. The 2007/2008 price increases made no structural changes to the types of transmission identified over the long term. The segmentation of food markets between imported rice, local rice and other foodstuffs explains this imperfect transmission of global prices to sub-Saharan markets. This finding must be taken into consideration in food security strategies in sub-Saharan Africa. ; La flambée des cours mondiaux des céréales en 2007/2008 et les émeutes qui l'ont accompagnée dans plusieurs villes d'Afrique subsaharienne ont réactivé les débats sur les politiques de sécurité alimentaire. La hausse du prix des céréales ne serait-elle pas une aubaine pour relancer la production vivrière en assurant des prix plus attractifs aux agriculteurs ? Encore fallait-il vérifier si les fluctuations des cours mondiaux se transmettent aux prix sur les marchés nationaux. Tel était l'objectif d'une étude portant sur cinq pays de la région. Entre 1994 et 2009, le degré de transmission des cours mondiaux du riz sur les marchés intérieurs a fortement varié selon les pays : faible, voire inexistant au Mali, au Cameroun et à Madagascar ; fort au Sénégal et au Niger. La flambée de 2007/2008 ne modifie pas structurellement les formes de transmission identifiées sur longue période. Le cloisonnement des marchés alimentaires entre le riz importé, le riz local et les autres produits vivriers explique cette transmission imparfaite des cours mondiaux aux marchés subsahariens. Ce résultat doit être pris en compte pour les stratégies de sécurité alimentaire en Afrique subsaharienne.

The author in this article analyses pre-socialism, socialism and current points of views towards object of crime. Object of crime is considered to be social relations guarded by criminal law, such concept is generally accepted. Personal point of view towards academic definition of object of crime is laid down on the basis of amplified grounds of the said concept. Also the author analyzes the aspects of subject of crime in the article. It is proposed to consider a subject of crime as optional element of a crime. In the article, the author analyzes the views of scientists who have studied the concept of the object of the crime. The concept of the object of the crime is recognized as justified, according to which the object of the crime is considered to be public relations protected by the criminal law. On the basis of the supplemented substantiation of the specified concept it is defined that the object of a crime is the most important public relations regulated by various social norms (rights, morals, local, customary), protected by norms of criminal law from concrete criminal encroachment, and which as a result of such criminal encroachment always causes significant damage. This significant damage to public relations is manifested in the form of deprivation or threat of deprivation of the subjects of relations to pursue their interests, meet their needs, benefit from any benefits. The article also analyzes the views of scholars in the field of criminal law, who expressed positions on the nature and concept of the subject of the crime. Based on the analysis of the views of scientists and based on the analysis of current criminal legislation of Ukraine, the author concludes that the subject of the crime can be considered not mandatory for all corpus delicti element, but mandatory only for one of the types of corpus delicti - substantive corpus delicti. The author argues that when the law on criminal liability indicates the subject of the crime, this corpus delicti should be recognized as substantive and without the presence in the specific case of the subject of the crime, the relevant corpus delicti will be absent. In addition, the author agrees with the conclusions that the criminal law provides certain types of information and energy features of the subject of the crime. Based on this conclusion, the author determines that the subject of the crime - an independent optional for all crimes, but necessary (mandatory) for the subject elements of the crime element of the crime, which can be any things, any information, any energy, which have a material expression, with the properties of which and with an indication of which the law on criminal liability connects the presence of a crime in the actions of a person. ; У статті автором, проводиться аналіз точок зору щодо поняття об'єкта злочину. Визнається обґрунтованою концепція об'єкта злочину, за якою об'єктом злочину вважаються охоронювані кримінальним законом суспільних відносин. На основі доповненого обґрунтування вказаної концепції викладається власна точка зору щодо загальнотеоретичного визначення поняття об'єкта злочину. Також в статті автором досліджується питання предмета злочину. Пропонується визнавати предмет злочину в якості необов'язкового для всіх злочинів елемента складу злочину.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the evolution of "product‐service" (P‐S) strategies in the aerospace sector. Despite the widespread perception that aerospace organisations are advanced in terms of P‐S integration, little is known about the realities of P‐S provision in the sector. Much of the existing literature is normative and prescriptive, focusing upon what organisations aspire to do, but offers little insights into how attempts to integrate products and services occur or the challenges organisations encounter.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents an in‐depth case study of an international aerospace original equipment manufacturer, referred to as "JetCo". A total of 18 interviews were conducted with key actors involved in the operationalisation of P‐S strategy within defence aerospace and civil aerospace divisions. In addition, analysis of internal company documentation was also undertaken.FindingsThis paper reveals that current P‐S strategy, which builds upon a long history of service offerings, initially evolved separately in each division in response to the particular markets in which they operate. However, there was evidence of a corporate‐wide strategy for P‐S provision being developed across divisions to improve co‐ordination. This was founded on the recognition that P‐S delivery requires the development of a stronger customer orientation, better knowledge and information management strategies and the engagement of employees. A key challenge concerned integrating the product and service parts of the business to ensure consistent delivery of a seamless value offering to customers.Originality/valueThe paper offers fresh empirical evidence into the development of P‐S in an organisation drawn from a sector often flagged as an exemplar of P‐S provision, and provides insights into the complex realities of P‐S implementation and delivery. Notably, it highlights the challenge of attempting to embed an organisation‐wide "service culture" in pursuit of integrated P‐S delivery, and questions the nostrums and overly simplistic models which pervade the current solutions discourse.

Article 16 of the Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789 provides that "Every society in which warranty of rights is not assured, nor separation of powers determined, has no constitution." This research aims to recover the historical meaning of this text, in order to compare it with its contemporary interprétations given by constitutional scholars and by the Constitutional Council. Firstly, relying on linguistic history's methods, it demonstrates that this statute originates from the mutations of the conceptions of political powerand the invention of the notion of constitution in the 17th and 18th centuries. This notion, and particularly that of constitution of the society, are créations of natural law theorists and contractualist philosophers. Afterwards,they are taken up and adapted to the French context for the purpose of using them as a political weapon,which leads to the emergence of three constitutionalisms: parliamentary, patriot and royalist. Secondly, the study focusses on the adoption of article 16, which represents the recognition of the patriot conception of the constitution.This provision is the symbol of the patriots' victory over the conservatives and the royalists in 1789. lt is also the legal recognition of their vision of the constitution. Thirdly, the research shows the mythical aspect of the meanings attributed to article 16 in the 20th and 21st centuries and it analyses the process of mythification of article 16, as an element of political theory as well as a constitutional norm. ; L'article 16 de la Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen de 1789 dispose que « Toute société dans laquelle la garantie des droits n'est pas assurée, ni la séparation des pouvoirs déterminée, n'a point de constitution. » La thèse a pour objet de reconstruire la signification historique de cet article, afin de la comparer avec les interprétations contemporaines qu'en donnent la doctrine constitutionnaliste et le Conseil constitutionnel. Premièrement, en s'appuyant sur les méthodes de l'histoire linguistique, elle montre que cette disposition a pour origine les mutations des conceptions du pouvoir politique et l'invention de la notion de constitution aux XVlle et XVIlIe siècles. Cette notion, et celle de constitution de la société en particulier, sont des créations des philosophes jusnaturalistes et contractualistes. Elles sont par la suite reprises et adaptées au contexte français afin de les utiliser comme une arme politique, ce qui conduit à l'émergence de trois constitutionnalismes : parlementaire, patriote et royaliste. Deuxièmement, l'étude se concentre sur l'adoption de l'article 16, qui représente la consécration de la conception patriote de la constitution. Cette disposition est le symbole de la victoire des patriotes sur les conservateurs et royalistes en 1789. Elle est également la consécration juridique de leur conception de la constitution. Troisièmement, la recherche permet de révéler le caractère essentiellement mythique des significations attribuées à l'article 16 aux XXe et XIXe siècles et elle analyse ce processus de mythification de l'article 16, à la fois comme élément de théorie politique et comme norme constitutionnelle.

Elements of International Economics -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Part I The Basics -- Chapter 2 The Foreign Exchange Market -- Chapter 3 Exchange-Rate Regimes and the International Monetary System -- Chapter 4 International Interest-Rate Parity Conditions -- Chapter 5 The Balance of Payments -- Part II International Finance and Open-Economy Macroeconomics -- Chapter 6 The Basic Models: Elasticities, Multiplier, Mundell-Fleming -- Chapter 7 The Monetary and Portfolio Approaches -- Chapter 8 Capital Movements, Speculation, and Currency Crises -- Chapter 9 Exchange-Rate Determination -- Chapter 10 The Intertemporal Approach to the Balance of Payments -- Chapter 11 International Monetary Integration and European Monetary Union -- Chapter 12 Problems of the International Monetary System -- Part III International Trade Theory and Policy -- Chapter 13 The Orthodox Theory: Comparative Cost, Factor Endowments, Demand -- Chapter 14 Tariffs, and Non-Tariff Barriers -- Chapter 15 Free Trade vs Protection, and Preferential Trade Cooperation -- Chapter 16 The new Protectionism -- Chapter 17 The new Theories of International Trade -- Chapter 18 Growth, Trade, Globalization -- Index -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Boxes.

Der folgende Aufsatz stellt Prozesse des Wissensaustauschs am Beispiel der Schulbuchrevision im Deutschland der Nachkriegszeit dar. Ausgehend von dem Modell des "policy borrowing" von Phillips und Ochs (2003) werden die personellen, inhaltlichen und institutionellen Verknüpfungen zwischen deutschen und internationalen Akteuren dargestellt. Besondere Berücksichtigung findet dabei die Schulbuchpolitik der britischen Besatzungsbehörde sowie der UNESCO mit ihrem Grundsatz der Bildung für internationale Verständigung. Der Aufsatz zeigt am Beispiel des Braunschweiger Schulbuchinstituts und der internationalen Schulbuchrevision, dass Wissenstransfer nicht nur in eine Richtung stattfand, sondern Standardisierungsprozesse in Theorie und Praxis auf einem sich gegenseitig beeinflussenden Netzwerk von Akteuren und Institutionen beruhte. (DIPF/Orig.) ; This paper illustrates processes of knowledge exchange by using the textbook revisions that took place in post-war Germany as a case study. It presents the connections between German and international participants, in terms of substance and at both personal and institutional levels, on the basis of Phillips and Ochs' 'policy borrowing' model. The authors pay particular attention to the textbook policies of the British occupying authorities and UNESCO, which were based on the principle of education for international understanding. The paper refers to the "Internationale Schulbuchinstitut in Braunschweig" (International Textbook Institute in Braunschweig) and international textbook revision to demonstrate that knowledge transfer was not a one-way street. Rather, that standardisation processes in both theory and practice depended upon a mutually influential network of individuals and institutions. (DIPF/Orig.)