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Indigenous and tribal peoples' right to free, prior and informed consent has transformative potential: potential to safeguard a variety of rights specific to indigenous and tribal peoples and potential to transform the power relations between peoples, governments, and extractives companies. Yet, this potential is far from being realized in the countries studied for this report. This gap between intention and reality is no coincidence. The most powerful entities within governments, when it comes to the fate of these issues, are those with the mandates to attract and develop the extractives sectors. It is these entities that are calling the shots on whether and how the state recognizes FPIC. They, in turn, appear to be driven in part by what they perceive to be the interests and preferences of extractives investors (which in the extreme version can resemble a capture dynamic). Within extractives companies, the most influential actors seem to be those whose interests are not well-aligned with the spirit of FPIC, further stacking the odds against recognition and operationalization of FPIC. Fears of projects being delayed, costs increasing or deals collapsing generate disincentives, which are not adequately counterbalanced by incentives for compliance from legal requirements or perceived benefits. As a result, prior consultation processes are being implemented in place of recognizing FPIC and operationalizing FPIC processes. Even these prior consultation processes are carried out in ways that diminish the potential for meaningful indigenous participation in decision-making, clearly skewed toward advancing the interests of powerful actors in government and the private sector. To the extent to which there are some occasional benefits being realized by those being consulted, these consultations tend to typically reflect male perspectives and lead to gendered outcomes.260 Thus, multiple layers of political realities converge to significantly limit the breadth and depth of efforts to advance FPIC and prior consultation processes. There is growing recognition in the broader development fields focusing on governance that politics matters. This report, and the project in which it is situated, was conceived to shed light on the ways that political realities impact the governance of extractive industries in order to offer practical insights, strategies, and tangible guidance for practitioners focused on addressing implementation gaps, which can be explained in no small part by political realities. This project highlights the importance of politics in the context of FPIC specifically, but some lessons drawn from the research are equally applicable to the field of extractives governance more broadly.

Atlases accompany v. 1, pt. 1; v. 2; and v. 5-v. 7. ; "Published by authority of the Legislature of Ohio." ; v.1-3, Geology and Palaeontology -- v.4 Zoology and Botany -- v.5-6 Economic geology -- v.7 Economic geology, archaeology, botany, paleontology -- v.8 Comprising reports on various mineral industries -- v.9 Comprising Bulletins 4-5-6-7 and 8 of the Fourth Series. ; Atlases accompany v. 1, pt. 1; v. 2; and v. 5-v. 7. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Florida Atlantic University Libraries' Marvin and Sybil Weiner Spirit of America Collection, Pamphlets: Speeches B23F43 ; Florida Atlantic Digital Library Collections

Este artículo pretende participar en los debate generados en torno a las industrias de extracción de minerales e hidrocarburos, que se han convertido en los últimos tiempos en objeto de interés para un creciente número de académicos en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales, así como para organizaciones de defensa del medio ambiente y de derechos humanos, y para las instituciones internacionales del desarrollo. El argumento principal del trabajo es que muchos de los análisis que se realizan sobre las implicaciones políticas y sociales de las actividades extractivas pueden agruparse en tres perspectivas, cada una de las cuales hace énfasis en dimensiones diferentes del fenómeno: las instituciones del estado, las dinámicas rentistas, o la estructura económica internacional. Se analizarán las potencialidades y especialmente las limitaciones de todas ellas, y se insistirá en la necesidad de un acercamiento que atienda a las particularidades y trayectorias históricas concretas de los lugares de producción, así como a las dimensiones transnacionales que siempre implican estos procesos ; This essay tries to participate in the debate about the extractive hydrocarbon and minerals industries, which in the last years has become an interesting topic for an increasing number of academicians in the social science field as well as for environment and human rights organizations and for the international organizations focused on development. The main point of this paper is that many of the analysis about the political and social implications of the extractive activities can be gathered in three perspectives, and each one of them insists in different dimensions of the phenomenon: the state institutions, the rentier dynamics or the international economic structure. We will analyze the potentials and specially the limitations of all of them and we will insist on the need of an approach that keeps an eye on the special features and concrete historic paths of the production places and also on the transnational dimensions always implied in the processes

Blockchain technology has recently become the go-to solution for companies and industries that seek to enhance value chain traceability of their products, and transparency in their supply chains. Because of these benefits, it's been proposed for monitoring environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and compliance in industries that have weak regulatory and formal structures. The cobalt mining industry especially in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the world's biggest producer of cobalt ore used in the manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries, is one such environment that's characterized by conflict, and serious human rights abuses. The key actors in the cobalt supply chain, therefore, face the tradeoff involving maintaining long-term supply versus reducing the risks associated with cobalt sourced from locations with poor environmental and human rights records. Most of such problems emerge from Artisanal and small-scale mining. This paper presents an attempt to tightly link existing blockchain technology frameworks in the cobalt industry with ESG performance of companies to enable them to audit the chain of custody journeys for their components and ultimately sustainability performance. We present a responsible sourcing framework to connect blockchain source data needs to ESG metrics to help companies build interoperable but understandable blockchain architectures. ; publishedVersion

Periodic review mechanisms, provisions in contracts that formally require parties to meet at particular intervals to review the terms of the contract or license and consider whether circumstances have changed since the parties' initial agreement, are a mechanism that may smooth the process of dealing with inevitable changes in circumstances over the long term of extractive industries contracts. This briefing note looks at the use of such mechanisms, through reviewing existing extractive industry agreements, and considers how the requirements have been expressed to-date and their role as a tool to maintain the relationship between the parties. The Brief examines issues that can arise in practice and suggests a new approach to the drafting of these mechanisms.

As the pioneer in the industrial mineral industry in Indonesia, PT. XYZ had experienced rapid growth and enjoy the market leader position; however, the trend shows that the sales volume recently decreases as an impact of tight competition and regulation control from the government. It is decided to formulate strategies to able the company growth and to maintain its strong position in the market. This study evaluated and analyzed the company's business environment internally and externally to find the alternative strategies suit best for PT. XYZ. Then, The strategies cascaded down into the functional strategy to prioritize the new product development (NPD) portfolio. The analysis used Internal Factor Evaluations (IFE) Matrix, External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix, Five Forces Porter Matrix, Internal-External (IE) Matrix, Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix, Quantitative Strategic Planning (QSPM) Matrix and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The research was conducted with a purposive sampling technique by selecting internal and external experts. The results show that market development, market penetration, retrenchment, and product development were the strategy that must be implemented for the particular market segment, while Product A was the most prioritize NPD portfolio to be developed by PT. XYZ.Keywords: industrial mineral, business strategy, functional strategy, NPD, AHPAbstrak: Sebagai perusahaan perintis dalam industri manufaktur mineral industrial di Indonesia, PT. XYZ telah mengalami pertumbuhan cepat dan menikmati posisinya sebagai pemimpin pasar; namun tren akhir-akhir ini menunjukkan penurunan penjualan akibat persaingan industri dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang semakin ketat. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk merumuskan strategi yang tepat agar perusahaan tetap bertumbuh dan mempertahankan posisinya di pasar. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan cara mengevaluasi lingkungan internal dan eksternal perusahaan untuk mencari alternatif strategi bisnis yang sesuai bagi PT. XYZ. Strategi bisnis tersebut kemudian diturunkan ke dalam strategi fungsional untuk menentukan prioritas pengembangan produk baru. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah IFE Matrix, EFE Matrix, Five Forces Porter, IE Matrix, BCG Matrix, QSPM Matrix dan Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan memilih panel ahli yang berkompeten dari internal dan eksternal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi pengembangan pasar, penetrasi pasar, pengetatan biaya dan pengembangan produk adalah strategi yang paling sesuai dilakukan untuk segmen pelanggan tertentu dan produk A sebagai portfolio produk baru yang prioritas untuk dikembangkan.Kata kunci: mineral industrial, strategi bisnis, strategi fungsional, produk baru, AHP

Abstrak - Faktor yang mempengaruhi mengapa negara sangat bergantung dengan lautan adalah kurang lebih 70% wilayah di dunia adalah laut. Kedua 90% jalur perdagangan menggunakan transportasi laut. Ketiga, pada garis pantai banyak terdapat kota dan pemukiman besar dalam radius 200 km. keempat Hukum internasional memberikan kebebasan untuk mengelola sumber daya laut. Jika Indonesia tidak segera mambangun kemampuan sea power akan mengakibatkan ketidakmampuan negara untuk menjaga dan mengendalikan perairan laut Indonesia, seperti ancaman sengketa perbatasan laut, gangguan keamanan laut, pelanggaran hukum laut, perebutan sumber daya alam dan mineral. Salah satu upaya meningkatkan pertahanan dan keamanan dilaut membutuhkan industri perkapalan yang mandiri untuk memenuhi kebutuhan Alutsista matra laut. Pertanyaan penelitian (1) Bagaimana hubungan kerjasama industri perkapalan dan industri pendukung perkapalan. (2) Bagaimana konsep industri perkapalan nasional untuk meningkatkan daya saing dalam mendukung keamanan maritim Indonesia. Teori dan konsep penelitian menggunakan Teori Daya Saing, Teori Pemberdayaan, Konsep Maritime Security Sector Reform dan Konsep Klaster Industri Perkapalan. Metodologi penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriktif. Hasil Penelitian, (1) Kerjasama industri perkapalan dan industri pendukung perkapalan memerlukan perubahan regulasi terkait pengelolaan manajemen industri perkapalan. Perubahan tersebut untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh pemerintah dan produsen industri perkapalan. Dalam Undang-undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2012 Tentang Industri Pertahanan dan Perpres. Komite Kebijakan Industri Pertahanan, ditekankan pemanfaatan industri nasional dalam pemenuhan Alutsista. Sehingga memerlukan pengelolaan menejemen industri pertahanan dengan industri pendukung lainnya. (2) Konsep pengembangan klaster terbagi dua berdasarkan jenis kepemilikannya yaitu industri swasta dengan konsep pengeloalan klaster industri perkapalan. Sedangkan industri BUMN menggunakan konsep holding industri National Shipbuilding and Heavy Indrustries.Kata Kunci : Industri Perkapalan, Klaster Industri Perkapalan, Keamanan Maritim. Abstract - The factor that affects why the country depends heavily on the oceans is that approximately 70% of the world's territory is the sea. Second, 90% of trade routes use sea transportation. Third, on the coastline there are many cities and large settlements within a 200 km radius. the four international Laws provide freedom to manage marine resources. If Indonesia does not immediately develop the ability of sea power will result in the inability of the state to maintain and control the marine waters of Indonesia, such as the threat of sea border disputes, maritime security disturbances, violations of the law of the sea, the seizure of natural resources and minerals. One effort to improve the defense and security of the sea requires an independent shipping industry to meet the needs of marine Alutsista. Research Questions (1) What is the relationship of shipbuilding industry and shipping support industry. (2) What is the concept of the national shipping industry to enhance competitiveness in supporting Indonesian maritime security. Theory and concept of research using Competitiveness Theory, Empowerment Theory, Maritime Security Sector Reform Concept and Concept of Cluster of Shipping Industry. Qualitative research methodology with descriptive method. Research Result, (1) Shipbuilding industry cooperation and shipping support industry require regulation change related to management of shipping industry management. The change is to address the problems faced by the government and shipping industry manufacturers. In Undang-undang No. 16 of 2012 on Defense Industry and Perpres. Defense Industry Policy Committee, emphasized the utilization of national industry in the fulfillment of Alutsista. So it requires management of defense industry management with other supporting industries. (2) Cluster development concept is divided into two types based on the type of ownership that is private industry with the concept of cluster of shipping industry. While the state-owned industry uses the concept of industrial holding National Shipbuilding and Heavy Industries.Keywords: Shipbuilding Industry, Shipbuilding Industry Cluster, National Shipbuilding and Heavy Industries, and Maritime Security

Populated by predominantly young people, Mongolia's economy has relied heavily in recent years on mining. After several years of boom, the recent decrease in mining rents has only emphasized the pressing need for linking mining revenues to continuing demands in social expenditure, especially in ways that promote the rights of the child. While geared at attracting foreign investors for large-scale mining activities, the more liberal norms adopted by Mongolia since its political transition may have hampered the implementation of a development model informed by a rights-based approach. Moreover, the particular set of norms driving Mongolia's mining boom appears to be displacing, at least partially, the policy debates over the country's mining governance to the transnational level. In turn, such trends seem to explain why local and national socio-environmental issues pertaining to the sector have at times been addressed in technocratic terms that cannot easily conform to a rights approach. The paper reviews the historical progression of the country's mining regime and its contribution to government revenues, analyses the linkages between mining rent and social expenditure, focusing on children and the extractive sector's ability/willingness to take account of children's rights in the small-scale and artisanal mining (SSAM) sector. It concludes that Mongolia should establish a coherent long-term poverty reduction strategy that encompasses both the economic benefits and potential harm of extractive industries; strengthen socio-environmental regulation and enforcement capacity: ratify and apply international instruments regarding access to information, public participation in decision making, and access to justice in environmental matters: put in place effective prevention and remedy mechanisms for human rights abuses by private companies; and pursue its efforts towards the legalization, regulation and monitoring of SSAM using a rights-based approach. ; Prepared for the UNRISD/UNICEF project on Mobilizing Revenues from Extractive Industries: Protecting and Promoting Children's Rights and Well-Being in Resource-Rich Countries