Suchergebnisse

The Forest Land Allocation (FLA) program was introduced by the Vietnamese government in 1991 and it allowed communities, household groups and households to receive forest land for long term use (50 years). The main assumption of this program was that with ownership, households would have greater incentives to preserve forests. But the State, through its formal agencies, still decides how the forests will be used and managed. There have been unintended socio-cultural consequences of this program affecting Vietnam's forest-dependent indigenous communities. The study focused on two Co Tu villages in Central Vietnam. Their livelihoods and their culture, institutions, social life, customs, and religious beliefs are linked to surrounding forests. The FLA program has altered the traditional forest management practices and systems of the Co Tu people, as well as their traditional institutions, particularly the role of the village patriarch, and to a lesser extent their perceptions of 'nature'. The FLA program has consolidated the power of formal institutions in both villages.

Die dringende Transformation unseres Energiesystems hin zu einer nachhaltigen Infrastruktur der Daseinsvorsorge scheitert in der regionalen Umsetzung regelmäßig an raumbezogenen und gesellschaftlichen Anforderungen des ländlichen Raums. In diesem Beitrag werden am Beispiel eines transdisziplinären Projektes Dilemmata in der partizipativen Umsetzung der regionalen Energiewende identifiziert und Gelingensbedingungen einer raumsensiblen Energiewende-Governance formuliert. Wie mit dem entwickelten Governance-Ansatz zur "Co-Transformation" gezeigt wird, können kontextsensitive Partizipationsformen der Co-Regulierung, Co-Allokation und Co-Visionierung zur Verfahrens‑, Verteilungs- sowie Zukunftsgerechtigkeit und damit zur Akzeptabilität der regionalen Energiewende als Daseinsvorsorgeinfrastruktur im ländlichen Raum beitragen. Zentrale Maßnahmenfelder sind dabei ergebnisoffene und regional angepasste Formen der Mitwirkung durch die Co-Regulierung im Planungsprozess, Ansätze zur räumlichen Co-Allokation energiewendebezogener Belastungen und lokaler Mehrwerte sowie die Co-Visionierung regionaler Energiezukünfte und daraus abzuleitender regionaler Energievisionen.

Literature on supply chain management has been recently stressing the need for co‐operation and integration between suppliers and customers, highlighting the critical role played by the supplier in contributing to the overall performance of the purchaser. Consequently supplier selection is one of the purchasing manager's most critical tasks, as demonstrated by the number of articles that have dealt with vendor selection criteria and techniques in the light of the requirements of the new environment. The paper proposes four different vendor selection systems (VSSs) depending on the time frame (short‐term versus long‐term) and on the content (logistic versus strategic) of the co‐operative customer/supplier relationships. More precisely, the suggested VSSs consider, in an analytic hierarchy process framework, different sets of measures, deriving from a non‐conventional model of the supplier based on the dynamic system and on the resource‐based approach.

ABSTRACTSavings and Credit Co‐operative Societies (SACCOS) increasingly recognized as the valuable tool for economic development in low‐income countries. However, recently researchers reported that one of their primary challenges to their expansion is the high level of inefficient. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between growth and efficiency of SACCOS using economies of scale concept. Then we address the role of management of the capital structure and allocation of resources in the expansion of SACCOS. The study used financial statement data from 60 SACCOS in Tanzania for the period of 2004–2011. The findings supports that most of SACCOS are small and cost inefficient because the industry is young, but, the efficiency increases as SACCOS expand. Second the allocation of resources in liquid, financial and non‐financial investment leads to no expansion in SACCOS. Thus, the growth of SACCOS via increasing loan to members, members' savings, shares, and institutional capital should be encouraged as it increases the efficiency of SACCOS. Also, SACCOS should minimize the allocation of assets in other investments which are different from credit to members.

This article examines the extent to which public servants interact with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to co-construct performance indicators in the home- and community-care sector. It uses 32 intensive qualitative interviews with NGO representatives and public servants in three Canadian provinces (British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Ontario) with distinctive home- and community-care systems to uncover the lived experiences of NGO/government interactions around this issue and seeks to gain a greater understanding of the role of NGOs in shaping permanence indicators. Varying funding and delivery models of home and community care across provinces put NGOs in different roles in the delivery of home and community supports, and hence, set different contexts for NGO/public servant interactions across the three provinces. Cet article examine dans quelle mesure les fonctionnaires publics interagissent avec les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) pour établir des indicateurs de performance dans les secteurs des soins à domicile et de proximité. Il se base sur 32 entretiens en profondeur avec des représentants d'ONG et des fonctionnaire publics dans trois provinces canadiennes (Colombie-Britannique, Saskatchewan et Ontario) ayant des systèmes distincts de soins à domicile et de proximité, et ce afin d'en apprendre davantage sur la réalité des interactions entre les ONG et le gouvernement. L'article cherche en outre à mieux comprendre le rôle des ONG dans la formulation des indicateurs de performance. Les divers modèles dans chaque province pour financer et offrir des soins à domicile et de proximité ont un impact sur la manière dont les ONG peuvent fournir leur aide à domicile et dans la communauté, et créent ainsi des contextes différents dans chacune des trois provinces pour les interactions entre les ONG et les fonctionnaires publics.

This guide presents a joint effort of projects funded under the European Research Area for Climate Services (ERA4CS) (http://www.jpi-climate.eu/ERA4CS), a co- funded action initiated by JPI Climate with co-funding by the European Union (Grant 690462), 15 national public Research Funding Organisations (RFOs), and 30 Research Performing Organisations (RPOs) from 18 European countries. This guide sets out to increase the understanding of different pathways, methods, and approaches to improve knowledge co-production of climate services with users as a value-added activity of the ERA4CS Programme. Reflecting on the experiences of 16 of the 26 projects funded under ERA4CS, this guide aims to define and recommend good practices for transdisciplinary knowledge co-production of climate services to researchers, users, funding agencies, and private sector service providers. Drawing on responses from ERA4CS project teams to a questionnaire and interviews, this guide maps the diversity of methods for stakeholder identification, involvement, and engagement. It also conducts an analysis of methods, tools, and mechanisms for engagement as well as evaluation of co-production processes. This guide presents and discusses good practice examples based on the review of the ERA4CS projects, identifying enablers and barriers for key elements in climate service co-production processes. These were: namely (i) Forms of Engagement; (ii) Entry Points for Engagement; and, (iii) Intensity of Involvement. It further outlines key ingredients to enhance the quality of co-producing climate services with users and stakeholders. Based on the analysis of the lessons learned from ERA4CS projects, as well as a review of key concepts in the recent literature on climate service co-production, we provide a set of recommendations for researchers, users, funders and private sector providers of climate services. ; This report is not externally peer-reviewed Revisions: 2022-02-11 The report PDF was published. 2022-05-06 An incorrect spelled author name was ...

Smart water co-governance (SWCG) is a fundamental driving force to reduce the water crisis and promote the sustainable development of water resources. To explore the applicability and development of SWCG in different regions, the authors of this paper took 31 provinces of China (with the exception Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) as research districts and used the three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to measure and compare the efficiency of smart water governance (SWG) in the government–enterprise–public (G–E–P) mode and without public participation in the government–enterprise (G–E) mode in 2019. Then, the Malmquist model was used to measure the spatio–temporal evolution of the G–E–P mode from 2010 to 2019, focusing on the analysis of the top ten provinces of the China Internet Development Index in 2019. According to the empirical analysis, the following results were obtained: (1) the efficiency of SWCG in the G–E–P mode was significantly higher than that in G–E model, as 13 provinces showed a significant decline and 10 provinces had a small change. In addition, SWCG in the G–E–P mode showed a good development trend in the eastern and southern regions. (2) The governance efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency showed upward trends, but the technological progress index and total factor productivity were still low. Therefore, SWG should vigorously promote public participation and the independent implementation of enterprises under the guidance and restriction of the government. Meanwhile, the construction of an SWG infrastructure and the level of science and technology should be strengthened. In addition, each province should adjust the input–output structure according to its redundancy or deficiency, weigh the suitability of the input level and scale, and strengthen the matching and support of the ability of multi-subjects and factors to ensure that an appropriate input–output scale level is reached and the efficiency of SWCG is improved.