Suchergebnisse

Vorwort zur 2. Auflage -- Vorwort der 1. Auflage -- Inhalt -- 1 Einleitung. Fans als Gegenstand soziologischer Forschung -- 1 Fans - zwei Definitionen -- 1.1 Fans - eine Nominaldefinition -- 1.2 Fans in Deutschland - eine quantitative Exploration -- 2 Stand der Fanforschung -- Literatur -- 2 Fans in theoretischer Perspektive -- 1 Warum wird man Fan ? Eine Rational Choice-Perspektive -- 2 Wie agieren Fans ? Antworten aus Goffmanscher Perspektive -- 3 Was strukturiert Fan-Szenen ? Der Ansatz von Pierre Bourdieu -- 4 Forschungsperspektiven -- Literatur -- 3 Geschichte der Fans -- 1 Fans - Geschichte und Bedeutungsdimensionen eines Begriffs -- 2 Wagenrennen, Werther, WorldWideWeb. Vom antiken zum modernen Fantum -- 3 Fangeschichte als Gesellschaftsgeschichte. Drei Thesen -- 3.1 Fangeschichte als Mediengeschichte -- 3.2 Fangeschichte als Geschichte der Moderne -- 3.3 Fangeschichte als Zivilisationsprozess -- 4 Fazit -- Literatur -- 4 Fans und Sozialstruktur -- 1 Anliegen und Varianten der Sozialstrukturanalyse -- 2 Theoretische Relevanz sozialstruktureller Perspektiven für Fanphänomene -- 2.1 Fandefinition und -operationalisierung -- 2.2 Theorieperspektiven: Sozialstruktur, Lebensführung und Fantum -- 2.2.1 Kategoriales Matching und homophile Fanobjektwahlen -- 2.2.2 Systemisches Matching -- 2.2.3 Kulturkapital, Fankapital und Variationen der Objektverehrung -- 3 Empirische Befunde -- 3.1 Systemzugehörigkeiten von Fanobjekten im historischen Wandel -- 3.2 Homophilie zwischen Fans und Fanobjekten -- 3.3 Variationen von Intensität und Formen des Fantums -- 4 Schlussfolgerungen -- Literatur -- 5 Fans und Emotionen -- 1 Soziologie der Emotionen: Perspektiven und Fragestellungen -- 1.1 Emotionen als Ergebnis sozialer Interaktionen und Strukturen -- 1.2 Die kulturelle Kodierung von Emotionen -- 1.3 Emotionen als Konstruktionsform sozialer Wirklichkeit

Mediale Darstellungen sind für viele Menschen die zentrale Informationsquelle zum weltweiten Klimawandel. Massenmedien verdeutlichen die Relevanz des Themas, brechen globale Klimaveränderungen auf regionale Kontexte herunter und zeigen kurzfristige Folgen des langfristigen Wandels. Daher versuchen Wissenschaftler, Politiker, NGOs und Unternehmen, massenmedial zu Wort zu kommen und sich zu positionieren. Mediale Konstruktionen des Klimawandels, ihre Treiber und Wirkungen sind daher verstärkt ins Blickfeld der internationalen kommunikationswissenschaftlichen Forschung gerückt. Dieser Band sichtet die vorliegende Literatur, präsentiert den aktuellen Wissensstand und zeigt Forschungsperspektiven auf.

Abstract
In many countries, science is challenged by science-related populism, which deems the common sense of "ordinary people" superior to the knowledge of "academic elites". Individual support for science-related populism can be associated with people's communication behavior: On the one hand, people who hold science-related populist attitudes may inform themselves differently about science; they may even be disconnected from societal discourse around science. On the other hand, they may communicate more actively on social media and in interpersonal conversations. We test this using nationally representative survey data from Switzerland. Results show that science-related populists use TV and social networking sites more often to get information about science. They are also more likely to communicate about science in social media comments. However, science-related populist attitudes are not associated with a general preference for social media over journalistic media. Science-related populism has thus not (yet) fueled a "science-related public disconnection". We also run multiverse analyses, which show further nuances of our results, and discuss implications for science communication.

The Science Barometer Switzerland analyzes through which media, in which form and how often the Swiss come in contact with scientific issues, and whether and how this affects their scientific knowledge as well as their opinions regarding science. The project surveys a representative sample of the language-assimilated resident population of Switzerland every three years (2016, 2019, 2022), interviewing ca. 1000 respondents aged 15 years and older in the German-, French-, and Italian-speaking regions of the country. It is planned to continue the project permanently after 2022.
On the one hand, the survey gathers information about the usage of different information sources, asking how often respondents encounter scientific issues in newspapers, radio and television, and how often they look for scientific issues on the internet and in social media. Furthermore, it asks how often the Swiss go to science museums, as well as how often they speak about scientific topics with family and friends. In addition, it assesses how credible, comprehensible and useful respondents judge these different sources of information.
On the other hand, the Science Barometer Switzerland measures the Swiss' scientific knowledge and their attitudes towards science. Based on these dimensions, it connects patterns of information behavior and public opinions about science in explanatory models.

In November 2020, a special Science Barometer survey on COVID-19 was conducted in the form of an online representative survey of Swiss residents aged 15 or older. It was financed by the Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences.

Abstract
Populism typically pits political elites against "the virtuous people." A distinct variant of populism ("science-related populism") extends beyond politics, targeting academic elites and suggesting they ignore people's common sense and will. Individual endorsement of such a worldview ("science-related populist attitudes") has been conceptualized but not yet measured. Hence, we developed the SciPop Scale, a survey instrument to measure science-related populist attitudes. We tested 17 survey items in a first representative survey and developed an 8-item scale. We then tested German, French, and Italian versions of this scale in a second representative survey, employing confirmatory factor analysis, Item Response Theory, and external validity tests. Findings show that the SciPop Scale is a robust and reliable measure of populist demands toward science.

The Science Barometer Switzerland analyzes through which media, in which form and how often the Swiss come in contact with scientific issues, and whether and how this affects their scientific knowledge as well as their opinions regarding science. The project surveys a representative sample of the language-assimilated resident population of Switzerland every three years (2016, 2019, 2022), interviewing ca. 1000 respondents aged 15 years and older in the German-, French-, and Italian-speaking regions of the country. It is planned to continue the project permanently after 2022.
On the one hand, the survey gathers information about the usage of different information sources, asking how often respondents encounter scientific issues in newspapers, radio and television, and how often they look for scientific issues on the internet and in social media. Furthermore, it asks how often the Swiss go to science museums, as well as how often they speak about scientific topics with family and friends. In addition, it assesses how credible, comprehensible and useful respondents judge these different sources of information.
On the other hand, the Science Barometer Switzerland measures the Swiss' scientific knowledge and their attitudes towards science. Based on these dimensions, it connects patterns of information behavior and public opinions about science in explanatory models.

The Science Barometer Switzerland analyzes through which media, in which form and how often the Swiss come in contact with scientific issues, and whether and how this affects their scientific knowledge as well as their opinions regarding science. The project surveys a representative sample of the Swiss population every three years (2016, 2019, 2022), interviewing 1000 Swiss citizens aged 15 years and older in the German, the French, and the Italian speaking regions of the country.

On the one hand, the survey gathers information about the usage of different information sources, asking how often respondents encounter scientific issues in newspapers, radio and television, and how often they look for scientific issues on the internet and in social media. Furthermore, it asks how often the Swiss go to science museums, as well as how often they speak about scientific topics with family and friends. In addition, it assesses how credible, comprehensible and useful respondents judge these different sources of information.

On the other hand, the Science Barometer Switzerland measures the Swiss' scientific knowledge and their attitudes towards science. Based on these dimensions, it connects patterns of information behaviour and public opinions about science in explanatory models.

The Science Barometer Switzerland analyzes through which media, in which form and how often the Swiss come in contact with scientific issues, and whether and how this affects their scientific knowledge as well as their opinions regarding science. The project surveys a representative sample of the Swiss population every three years (2016, 2019, 2022), interviewing 1000 Swiss citizens aged 15 years and older in the German, the French, and the Italian speaking regions of the country.

On the one hand, the survey gathers information about the usage of different information sources, asking how often respondents encounter scientific issues in newspapers, radio and television, and how often they look for scientific issues on the internet and in social media. Furthermore, it asks how often the Swiss go to science museums, as well as how often they speak about scientific topics with family and friends. In addition, it assesses how credible, comprehensible and useful respondents judge these different sources of information.

On the other hand, the Science Barometer Switzerland measures the Swiss' scientific knowledge and their attitudes towards science. Based on these dimensions, it connects patterns of information behaviour and public opinions about science in explanatory models.

Abstract
Building on scholarship on the mediatization of organizations, we propose a conception of the social media orientation of organizational leaders and apply it to higher education. Based on an online survey of 276 leaders of Swiss higher education institutions, we show that social media platforms have made their way into university management and communication but are still not as important as news media. The study discusses differences between university types and uses the literature on new public management to derive influencing factors.

Public communication has become more important to higher education institutions (HEIs), with many HEIs using social media to communicate with stakeholders. However, scholarship on the subject is scarce and mainly based on single-platform studies and small datasets. Therefore, we conducted a cross-platform study to examine the communication of all Swiss HEIs on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. The results were based on two datasets: an automated analysis on data for all Swiss HEIs (n = 42) and their social media accounts from 2004 to 2021 (337,232 posts from 207 accounts), and a manual content analysis on 1,500 posts per platform. By including all HEIs in one country, this study allowed for a comparison of the results by HEI type: universities of applied sciences, universities of teacher education, and research universities. Results show that, in recent years, HEI communication increased on Instagram, but not on Facebook or Twitter. Twitter was used the most by research universities, while most Instagram and Facebook posts were from universities of applied sciences. Universities of teacher education were least active across all platforms. The content of communication across all HEI types was primarily self-referential. Our analysis of how well HEIs used the affordances of social media communication relative to hypertextuality and multimodality revealed a generally high level of adaption. Moreover, our data showed no substantial impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on posting activities and engagement with social media posts by HEIs for the two first years of the pandemic.

Analysen sozialer Ungleichheit bleiben meist auf einzelne Nationalstaaten beschränkt und beziehen nur objektive Ungleichheitsindikatoren ein. Selten wird dagegen gefragt, ob das Aufweichen nationalstaatlicher Grenzen zu einer Transnationalisierung wahrgenommener Ungleichheit führt. Mittels einer Analyse der Medienberichterstattung in deutschen Grenzregionen versuchen wir Antworten auf diese Frage zu finden. Sie zeigt, dass grenzüberschreitende Wahrnehmungen sozialer Ungleichheit existieren und für die Einschätzung der Lebenslage der Bürger relevant scheinen - allerdings in regional unterschiedlicher Weise. An den deutschen Grenzen zu Tschechien und Polen wird die schlechte Einkommenslage im Nachbarland als Gefahr für den eigenen Lebensstandard interpretiert. An der deutschen Westgrenze wird die Besserstellung der Nachbarländer hingegen eher als Maßstab präsentiert, auf dessen Basis die Gleichstellung mit den Bürgern der Nachbarländer gefordert wird.

Die Entdeckung des 47 Millionen Jahre alten Affenfossil "Ida" (WPK Quarterly 2009) sorgte jüngst für weltweiten Medienrummel. Ausgelöst wurde dieser durch eine großangelegte PR-Kampagne der beteiligten Wissenschaftler - noch vor der eigentlichen Beforschung des Fossils und vor der Publikation wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse. Die Folge: Der später erschienene Forschungsartikel wurde mehr als 100.000 Mal heruntergeladen und avancierte damit zum wohl meist nachgefragten paläontologischen Aufsatz aller Zeiten. Derartige Fälle werden in den Sozialwissenschaften unter dem Schlagwort "Mediatisierung der Wissenschaft" diskutiert. Wissenschaft sei, so die Diagnose, einerseits zu einem "Gegenstand medialer Dauerbeobachtung" geworden (Weingart 2005, 28). Andererseits dringe die Logik der Medien zunehmend in die wissenschaftliche Arbeit ein. Eine solche Mediatisierung ist auch für die Klimaforschung vorstellbar, die spätestens nach Skandalen wie ClimateGate unter medialer Beobachtung steht und deren Protagonisten sich teils mit politischen Forderungen wie dem Zwei-Grad-Ziel öffentlich positionieren. Empirische Befunde liegen dazu jedoch kaum vor. Hier setzt ein Projekt des Hamburger Exzellenzclusters für Klimaforschung "CliSAP" an: Mittels einer Online-Befragung haben wir die Mediatisierung deutscher Klimaforscher untersucht.

Social media expose users to an abundance of information about various issues. But they also make it difficult for users to assess the quality of this information. If users do not recognize this, they may overestimate their knowledge about those issues. Knowledge overestimation may lead to increased social media engagement and can be linked to attitudes deeming expert knowledge inferior to common sense, such as science-related populist attitudes. We investigate this during the COVID-19 pandemic in two preregistered, cross-sectional survey experiments in Germany and Taiwan, two countries with different cultures, media environments, and responses to the pandemic. Our study offers two contributions: First, we develop a novel measure of COVID-19-related knowledge. Second, we provide comparative evidence on how social media affordances shape the interplay between knowledge overestimation, social media exposure and engagement, and populist attitudes. We do not find that frequent exposure to COVID-19 information is associated with a higher likelihood of knowledge overestimation. However, we show that overestimation is linked to more user engagement with social media content about COVID-19. Experimental data indicate that engagement depends on whether users are in a private or public communication environment. We find minor differences between Germany and Taiwan.