Suchergebnisse

AbstractOrganizations have been an important setting in which social capital exchanges (SCEs) occur, but little work has been done to distinguish two predominant species of organizations in the social network literature: voluntary associations and formal work organizations. Addressing this lacuna, this article comparatively examines how the two organizational species differ in (1) how two prominent types of SCEs operate (restricted and generalized exchange), as well as (2) the analytical approaches and methodological tools for studying SCEs (boundary‐specification, sampling, network designs, tie‐recording methods) and their adherent implications for network structure (networking conditions and homophily). This article concludes by identifying methodological and theoretical challenges for studying SCEs in organizations (conceptualizing organizations as units, underappreciating meaning‐making and methodological triangulation, and examining contagion in organizational networks in an age of digitalization) and developing recommendations for overcoming them.

This article wants to describe the practice of resolving disputes through online or Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) by means of mediation during the Covid-19 pandemic. In order to achieve this goal, by using a library approach, this article wants to answer several important questions, namely, how to practice online mediation during the Covid-19 pandemic, then furthermore, the urgency of online mediation as a solution in resolving disputes during the Covid-19 pandemic. Indeed, scholars pay attention to the problem of dispute resolution in general, but the focus of this article has not been the attention of these scholars. Therefore, this study is the first step to explore this problem. This problem is interesting to study because in practice the dispute resolution process is carried out directly and face to face, but in this case how the dispute resolution process is carried out online (on the network) because it anticipates the spread of the Covid-19 virus. This article argues that the Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on all sectors of human life, one of which is the social sector. The relationship between humans and humans. All individuals will inevitably face a problem. Every problem has a solution. Disputes are a natural thing in human life. Online dispute resolution (in the network) provides a breakthrough as well as a new alternative in the field of non-litigation (outside the court) dispute resolution. The urgency of online mediation in alternative online dispute resolution can be a solution in resolving disputes that occur during the COVID-19 pandemic in particular and under normal conditions in general.

Over the last few years, much online volunteered geographic information (VGI) has emerged and has been increasingly analyzed to understand places and cities, as well as human mobility and activity. However, there are concerns about the quality and usability of such VGI. In this study, we demonstrate a complete process that comprises the collection, unification, classification and validation of a type of VGI—online point-of-interest (POI) data—and develop methods to utilize such POI data to estimate disaggregated land use (i.e., employment size by category) at a very high spatial resolution (census block level) using part of the Boston metropolitan area as an example. With recent advances in activity-based land use, transportation, and environment (LUTE) models, such disaggregated land use data become important to allow LUTE models to analyze and simulate a person's choices of work location and activity destinations and to understand policy impacts on future cities. These data can also be used as alternatives to explore economic activities at the local level, especially as government-published census-based disaggregated employment data have become less available in the recent decade. Our new approach provides opportunities for cities to estimate land use at high resolution with low cost by utilizing VGI while ensuring its quality with a certain accuracy threshold. The automatic classification of POI can also be utilized for other types of analyses on cities. ; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (Singapore. National Research Foundation) ; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (MIT-Portugal Program) ; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (Grant PTDC/ECM-TRA/1898/2012)

"This book covers deep researches from different perspectives & disciplines upon Social Network on social, legal, economic, cultural issues by successful and expert researchers in their field. In this book, different and rigorous analyses of all areas influenced by Social Media and Social Networks researches were made in order to be one of the emerging reliable sources about the Digital Age literature with various dimensions"--

AbstractIn this article, we examine typical styles and practices of public communication on social network sites (SNSs) in order to confront the traditional concept of publics as machines for creating order. Through an ethnographic case study of the SNS Facebook, we show how indeterminacy, ambiguity and constant irritation, rather than arguments or reason, produce the communicative order. A decidedly disorderly style of communication and connectivity emerges. Indeterminacy, from our point of view, is a solution to the problem of speaking privately in public and to an indefinite audience. We use these findings to problematize the insights of network theory and Niklas Luhmann's systems theory that only out of noise can we generate order – we can also generate it through noise. Since order undermines itself through the creation of ambiguous communicative possibilities, a new kind of public sphere is created.

Cover -- Series List -- Title page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Foreword: Indigenous Subjects and the Mastering of Science / Arturo Arias -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: No Static: Re-Indigenizing Technology / Jennifer Gómez Menjívar and Gloria Elizabeth Chacón -- PART I. PROBLEMATIZING TECHNOLOGY -- 1. (Re)Technologizing the Word: Recording, Knowledge, and the Decolonial Aesthetics of Maya Ts'íib / Paul M. Worley and Rita M. Palacios -- 2. Dule Molas: The Counterpoint- Counterplot Practice of the Traversable Cloth in (Non)Digital Realms / Sue P. Haglund -- 3. Using Technology to Revitalize Endangered Languages: Mixe and Chatino Case Studies / Emiliana Cruz and Tajëëw Robles -- PART II. CYBERSPATIAL NATION BUILDING -- 4. YouTubing Maya Rock: B'itzma Sobrevivencia's Aural Memory of Survival / Alicia Ivonne Estrada -- 5. Trafficked Babies, Exploded Futures: Jayro Bustamante's Ixcanul / Debra A. Castillo -- 6. Joysticks and Jaguars: Bribri- Inspired Games in Neoliberal Costa Rica / Mauricio Espinoza -- PART III. INDIGENIZING SOCIAL MEDIA -- 7. Digitizing Ancestral Memory: Garifuna Settlement Day in the Americas and in Cyberspace / Paul Joseph López Oro -- 8. In a Time of War and Hashtags: Rehumanizing Indigeneity in the Digital Landscape / Gabriela Spears-Rico -- 9. Tweeting in Zapotec: Social Media as a Tool for Language Activism / Brook Danielle Lillehaugen -- 10. From Facebook to Ixamoxtli: Nahua Activism through Social Networking / Adam Coon -- Contributors -- Index.

Studies on online social relationships have focused on how Internet use is associated with sociability, but have not compared the quality of online with offline relationships. On the other hand, studies on adolescent friendship formation have used school samples disregarding the Internet as a new social context for it. We took a different approach, studying the relationship between the social context of acquaintance (school, neighborhood, and online) and the structure and quality of friendships among adolescents. In a representative sample of Israeli adolescents (n=980), similarities in age, gender, and place of residence were studied in respect of the social sphere in which each friend was met (neighborhood, school, and online communication). We found that when a friend was met at school the likelihood of similarity in age, gender, and place of residence was higher than when contact was made online. Friends met in the neighborhood and schools were usually closer than friends met online. However, social similarity mattered even for friends who were met online. The more similar an online friend was in residence and gender, the stronger was the social tie.

"Comments on digital news stories and on social media play an increasingly important role in public discourse as more citizens communicate through online networks. The reasons for eliminating comments on news stories are plentiful. Off-topic posts and toxic commentary have been shown to undermine legitimate news reporting, yet the proliferation of digital communication technology has revolutionized the setting for democratic participation. The digital exchange of ideas and opinions is now a vital component of the democratic landscape. Marie K. Shanahan's book argues that public digital discourse is crucial component of modern democracy - one that journalists must stop treating with indifference or detachment; for news organizations to recognize commenters as democratic actors and use journalistic rigor and better online design to add value to citizens' comments above the social layer. Through original interviews, anecdotes, field observations, summaries of research literature, Shanahan explains the obstacles of digital discourse as well as its promises for journalists in the digital age"--

Abstract
This study examines the familial ties in the social support network of refugees in Germany. It investigates whether distance to family plays a role in the provision of emotional and informational support and how this relationship is moderated by social network services (SNS). Using data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees (N = 5237), the paper provides evidence for a family-centred network. Increasing distance to family is generally negatively associated with receiving support. However, the strength of support from the partner and sibling is less affected by distance than support from parents. Findings indicate that emotional support can generally be conveyed across greater distances, while informational support, often entailing location-bound aid, is not as easily transmittable. This study contributes to the understanding of refugee networks as transnational families with intergenerational differences in support. It also refines the depiction of support dynamics as being multifaceted and potentially limited due to fragmented contacts.

PurposeExtant sales management literature shows that holding negative headquarters stereotypes (NHS) by salespeople is harmful to their sales performance. However, there is a lack of research on how managers can leverage organizational structures to minimize NHS in sales forces. This study aims to know how social network patterns influence the flow of NHS among salespeople and sales managers in a large B2B sales organization.Design/methodology/approachThe authors hypothesize and test whether patterns of social networks among salespeople and sales managers determine the stereotypical attitudes of salespeople toward corporate directors and, eventually, impact their sales performance. The authors analyzed a multi-level data set from the B2B sales forces of a large US-based media company.FindingsThe authors found that organizational social network properties including the sales manager's team centrality, sales team's network density and sales team's external connectivity moderate the flow of NHS from sales managers and peer salespeople to a focal salesperson.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the data was cross-sectional and did not allow the authors to examine the dynamics of social network patterns and their impact on NHS. Second, The authors only focused on advice-seeking social networks and did not examine other types of social networks such as friendship and trust networks. Third, the context was limited to one company in the media industry.Practical implicationsThe authors provide recommendations to sales managers on how to leverage and influence social networks to minimize the development and flow of NHS in sales forces.Originality/valueThe findings advance existing knowledge on how NHS gets shared and transferred in sales organizations. Moreover, this study provides crucial managerial insights with regard to controlling and managing NHS in sales forces.

We use recruitment into a laboratory experiment in Kolkata, India to analyze how social networks select individuals for jobs. The experiment allows subjects to refer actual network members for casual jobs as experimental subjects under exogenously varied incentive contracts. We provide evidence that some workers, those who are high ability, have useful information about the abilities of members of their social network. However, the experiment also shows that social networks provide incentives to refer less qualified workers, and firms must counterbalance these incentives in order to effectively use existing employees to help overcome their screening problem.

Kommunikation im Social Web ist geprägt von kommerziellen Bildern und privaten Fotografien. Im Band werden die visuellen Strategien und Handlungsorientierungen von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen auf Social Network Sites untersucht. Inhaltlicher Fokus ist die Bedeutung dieser Bilder für Prozesse der (Peer-)Vergemeinschaftung und Identitätsaushandlung