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International Space Law and the United Nations is a comprehensive collection of writings by the author on this latest branch of international law. The book covers a number of subjects highlighted by discussions of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and its Legal Subcommittee. The book also takes into account the influences that international organizations have had on the development of space law and includes several perspectives of developing countries on this subject. This publication is an outstanding educational and reference tool, as the author tackles this complex subject in an organized and rational manner. The author, a key participant at the United Nations in the development of international law relating to activities in space, traces the history of that development, giving clear insight into the workings of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, and establishes space law as a distinct legal discipline. Subsequent chapters are devoted to the various issues that have given rise to the growth of this discipline, including arms control; economic and social development; specific provisions contained in the outer space treaties and how they relate to practical matters, such as dispute resolution; private sector growth and commercialization in space activities; international cooperative programmes, particularly those developed under the auspices of the United Nations, and recent developments and future issues facing the space-faring community. The book is an excellent source for further research in the field of space law. It is a must for students and practitioners and those interested in international organizations

Introduction : groundwater at the global level -- Understanding groundwater resources and aquifers -- Groundwater resources in a transboundary context -- Early legal treatment of groundwater resources -- Groundwater and aquifers under the UN Watercourses Convention -- Groundwater and aquifers under the UN Draft Articles on the Law of Transboundary Aquifers -- Trends in the evolution of international law of transboundary aquifers -- Gaps in the law of transboundary aquifers

Obgleich die Aktivitäten der internationalen Frauenbewegung anläßlich der letztjährigen UN-Konferenzen (Weltumweltgipfel, Weltfrauenkonferenz, Habitat) den Kampf der Afrikanerinnen zur Verbesserung ihrer wirtschaftlichen, politischen und rechtlichen Situation entscheidend unterstützt haben, gibt es seitens internationaler Organisationen noch grundsätzliche Diskrepanzen, was das tatsächliche empowerment von Afrikanerinnen betrifft. Grundlegend ist dabei, daß die an der Neuen Weltwirtschaftsordnung orientierten strukturellen Anpassungsprogramme einer dauerhaften Entwicklung in Afrika nicht nur zuwiderlaufen, sondern sich in ihrem Gefolge die Verarmung breiter Bevölkerungsschichten - und somit insbesondere von Frauen - verschärft. Außerdem tragen die sektoriellen Entwicklungsprogramme internationaler Organisationen bislang weder den Bestrebungen von Frauen nach Teilhabe an Entscheidungsprozessen, deren Bedeutung innerhalb der entstehenden Zivilgesellschaft noch ihrem wirtschaftlichen Potential Rechnung. Erreichen ließen sich solche Ziele allerdings nur auf der Grundlage einer konstruktiven Partnerschaft zwischen Gebergemeinschaften und afrikanischen Frauenvereinigungen und NGOs, statt wie bisher den Weg über Regierungskanäle zu suchen und sich mit Lippenbekenntnissen afrikanischer Staatseliten zufriedenzugeben. (DÜI-Rwd)

Hauptbeschreibung Gefion Schuler arbeitet den öffentlich-rechtlichen Zugang zum Recht internationaler Organisationen am Beispiel des Berichtsverfahrens der OECD zur Korruptionsbekämpfung auf. Hierzu befasst sie sich im ersten Teil mit dem Sachphänomen Korruption und untersucht das Berichtsverfahren der OECD aus Governance- und aus rechtswissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Im zweiten Teil erörtert die Autorin die Grundlagen zu einer rechtsdogmatischen Fassung des OECD-Berichtsverfahrens. Sie legt ein Konzept internationaler öffentlicher Gewalt dar und erörtert Handlungsformen als geeignete rechtstheoretische Konstrukte zur Fassung von Governance-Aktivitäten. Im dritten Teil konzipiert Schuler das OECD-Berichtsverfahren aus öffentlich-rechtlicher Perspektive als Handlungsform »Politikbewertung«. Hierfür arbeitet sie die Definitionsmerkmale sowie die Elemente des Rechtsregimes dieser Handlungsform heraus. Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung Forschungsinteresse und Thesen - Methodik und Verlauf der Arbeit - Der Forschungskontext 1. Teil: Das Berichtsverfahren der OECD zur Korruptionsbekämpfung Korruption: Das Phänomen in der Analyse der OECD - Governance by Information: Der Governance-Modus von Berichtsverfahren der internationalen Korruptionsbekämpfung - Der rechtliche Rahmen des OECD-Berichtsverfahrens und seine Anwendung 2. Teil: Die Grundlagen einer rechtsdogmatischen Fassung des OECD-Berichtsverfahrens Die öffentlich-rechtliche Perspektive zur rechtsdogmatischen Durchdringung der Global Governance - Handlungsformen als rechtstheoretische Konstrukte der öffentlich-rechtlichen Perspektive 3. Teil: Rechtsdogmatische Fassung des OECD-Berichtsverfahrens mittels einer Handlungsform Das OECD-Berichtsverfahren im Licht der Handlungsform »Politikbewertung« Schluss Dokumentenverzeichnis Literatur- und Stichwortverzeichnis.

Since the Second World War, the international community has sought to prevent the repetition of destructive far-right forces by establishing institutions such as the United Nations and by adopting documents such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Jurisprudence and conventions directly prohibit far-right speech and expression. Nevertheless, recently, violent far-right entities, such as Golden Dawn of Greece, have received unprecedented electoral support, xenophobic parties have done spectacularly well in elections; and countries such as Hungary and Poland are being led by right-wing populists who are bringing constitutional upheaval and violating basic elements of doctrines such as the rule of law. In light of this current reality, this book critically assesses the international and European tools available for States to regulate the far-right. It conducts the analysis through a militant democracy lens. This doctrine has been considered in several arenas as a concept more generally; in the sphere of the European Convention on Human Rights; in relation to particular freedoms, such as that of association; and as a tool for challenging the far-right movement through the spectrum of political science. However, this doctrine has not yet been applied within a legal assessment of challenging the far-right as a single entity. After analysing the aims, objectives, scope and possibility of shortcomingsin international and European law, the book looks at what state obligations arise from these laws. It then assesses how freedom of opinion and expression, freedom of association and freedom of assembly are provided for in international and European law and explores what limitation grounds exist which are directly relevant to the regulation of the far-right. The issue of the far-right is a pressingone on the agenda of politicians, academics, civil society and other groups in Europe and beyond. As such, this book will appeal to those with an interest in International, European or Human rights Law and political science.

This book examines the international politics of the Red Sea region from the Cold War to the present. It argues that the Red Sea region demonstrates well the characteristics of a sub-regional system, with increasing economic and social interdependence, greater regional integration, with the stronger regional powers - Egypt, Israel and Saudi Arabia - seeking to establish their influence over the sub-region, and with all states forming regional alliances to protect their interests and to fend off possible encroachment of others.

A thesis submitted to the University of Bedfordshire in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ; In a shrinking more connected world, web based communication technologies play an increasingly important role in educating younger generations. However, the process of change that teachers must go through to accommodate the appropriate use of web based communication technologies for teaching and learning is a complex process, which can be viewed from multiple perspectives. Specifically, this study explores pedagogic shift in the context of a virtual international school spanning five different countries within the European Union. It adopts an interpretive paradigm of research to explore perceptions of teachers in the virtual international school over the course of four years from 2009-2013. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, a variety of data collection techniques were employed over the course of three different cycles of research. Each cycle built on the previous cycle through an in depth analysis of the data, which enabled the emergence of a model for pedagogic shift. Findings from this research point to the importance of understanding change as a learning journey, which necessarily takes time and is influenced by a variety of factors in which effective leadership plays a central role. Additionally, the research shows how through processes such as understanding each others' different perspectives and the way technologies are harnessed, change is facilitated and a sense of community is built, all play an important role in enabling pedagogic shift to take place. From these findings a thematic model emerged, which was explored in depth and further refined during the research. The study concludes with recommendations for further research into pedagogic shift, particularly in relation to the dispersed multi-level model of leadership, the evolution of virtual international schools, the changing nature of teacher-student relationships, and the influence of external drivers in models of pedagogic shift.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Figures, maps and tables -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1: The evolution of the agricultural sector -- A physical and historical background -- The role of agriculture in the economy -- Production patterns and consumption tendencies -- Bibliography -- 2: Rural environment and agricultural institutions -- Agriculture and the rural environment -- Institutions for agricultural and rural development -- Bibliography -- 3: Agriculture and the macroeconomic environment -- Inflation, overvalued currency and green rates -- Inflation and land rates -- Inflation, interest rates and the cost of capital -- Taxation -- Restructuring and terms of trade in agriculture -- Disincentives -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 4: Agricultural, regional and structural policies -- The pre- and post-accession agricultural regional and structural policies -- Bibliography -- 5: The impact of policies for the rural sector -- The evolution of agricultural production and trade -- The evolution of farm income and its distribution -- Characteristics of employment -- Factors influencing policy success -- Bibliography -- 6: International developments and perspectives for Greek agriculture -- The CAP reform and the Uruguay Round -- The market liberalization process in Central Eastern Europe, the Balkan and the Black Sea Region (CEECs) -- The EU enlargement to the CEECs and the need for reform -- Perspectives for Greek agriculture -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 7: The framework for an integrated strategy for sustainable rural development -- Guidelines for national regional and intersectoral policies -- Central elements of the restructuring process towards sustainable rural development -- Toward an increased, mutually beneficial, economic cooperation with Central Eastern Europe, the Balkans and the Black Sea Region

China : the dollar value of gross domestic product / Robert Michael Field -- An assessment of the United Nations scale of assessments, 1946-1994 / Lawrence H. Officer -- Van Ijzeren's method of international price and volume comparison : an exposition / Bert M. Balk -- Consistency in aggregation principle for multilateral comparisons of purchasing power parities and real products / Salem H. Khamis -- Stochastic approach to international comparisons of prices and real income / E. A. Selvanathan -- Structure of international prices : a production-based approach / Yoshimasa Kurabayashi -- A reconsideration of log-change index numbers for international comparisons / Jorge Salazar-Carrillo -- Regression estimates of per capita GDP based on purchasing power parities / Sultan Ahmad -- The PPP doctrine, long term exchange rates and a new method to estimate real gross domestic products / Elio Lancieri -- Productivity, factor endowments, military expenditures, and national price levels / Jeffrey H. Bergstrand -- International comparison program in the 1980s and 1990s / Zoltan Kenessey -- Latin American comparisons for 1985 / Jorge Salazar-Carrillo -- Intercountry comparisons of agricultural output and productivity, 1970-1990 -- A perspective on international comparisons of capital / Michael Ward -- Comparative price and productivity levels : Korea and the United States, 1963-1990 / Dirk Piht