Suchergebnisse

Abstract
The DiGreC (DIachrony of GREek Case) treebank is a corpus of selected sentences from Greek texts, ranging from Homer to Modern Greek, which have been annotated morphosyntactically and semantically. The corpus comprises excerpts from 655 texts, for a total of 3385 sentences and 56,440 word tokens; automated tagging and lemmatisation has been supplemented with manual review to ensure accuracy. The data exist in xml and csv formats, which can be manipulated and converted automatically to other schemata. A web site has also been created to allow users to interact with the data more easily, and to provide specialised functionality for searching and visualisation. This corpus was created to inform theoretical debates regarding the role of case in grammar, and may be of use to researchers searching for specific attestations of a range of different constructions in Greek.

Through the end of the Third Republic, only tiny numbers of West African students managed to study at France's universities. Barriers to higher education began to fall after World War II, especially after African populations collectively gained citizenship. Higher education became a high-stakes policy area, as French officials and West African students and politicians vied to influence the parameters and possibilities of the postwar order. Amid escalating concerns about West African student migrations to the metropole, French officials eventually opened an Institute of Higher Studies in Dakar. However, this inchoate institution ended up highlighting the fundamental ambiguities of overseas citizenship. As West African students turned increasingly to anti-colonial activism, French authorities finally committed to establishing a full university in Dakar. Paradoxically, the construction and consolidation of this French university took place during the period of active decolonization.

The outsourcing movement of the second half of the 20th century had fueled informality on its edges: illegal workers in European construction companies or sweatshops of subcontractors from developing countries with unsanitary buildings and degraded working conditions. Digitization in the 21st century has reconfigured this movement in an original way, shifting work towards the home or towards the sphere of everyday life. The article attempts to explain the ways in which capitalism invades spheres and areas that sometimes remained relatively unspoiled or free: random mobility of the driver or the rider of the platforms; interstitial temporality of the "turkers" or "click workers", space for staging oneself or for gaming on YouTube; amateur management at Lego. The informality of capital is here the effect of the original process of market colonization of the interstitial time in everyday life.

AbstractThe article deals with Czech and German nationalist discourses and practices in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as they relate to tourism in the Krkonoše/Riesengebirge, the highest Central European mountain range between the Alps and Scandinavia. It will discuss the discourses developed in relation to mountain tourism and nationalism (metaphors of battlefields, wedges, walls, gates, and bastions), different symbolical cores of mountains, and practices of tourist and nationalist organizations (tourist trails and markings, excursions, the ownership of mountains huts, languages used, memorials, and the construction of roads). It will examine how these discourses and practices changed from the first Czech-German ethnic conflicts in the 1800s until the end of interwar Czechoslovakia. Finally, it will discuss the Czech culture of defeat in the shadow of the Munich Agreement, which meant the occupation of the Giant Mountains by Nazi Germany.

Abstract
Haviva Pedaya's book The Eye of the Cat presents an innovative theology of ecology, yet in correspondence with traditional Jewish-Kabbalistic sources. I discuss Pedaya's ecopoetic reading of these sources, as well as her own midrashim in this regard. Pedaya raises questions regarding the place of man in the world; political questions regarding center and periphery; urbanization and nature; construction and destruction. These questions arise via the book's unique poetic expression. Pedaya offers a theology of waste, addressing the place of garbage in the human sphere through the Kabbalistic idiom regarding the collection of qlipoth ("husks" ‮קליפות,‬‎). The Kabbalistic project of collecting the qlipoth, which previously functioned in the context of an esoteric and mostly secretive symbolic system, now takes on a different meaning in light of the real "husks" that demand to be collected and reused.

Abstract
Haviva Pedaya's book The Eye of the Cat presents an innovative theology of ecology, yet in correspondence with traditional Jewish-Kabbalistic sources. I discuss Pedaya's ecopoetic reading of these sources, as well as her own midrashim in this regard. Pedaya raises questions regarding the place of man in the world; political questions regarding center and periphery; urbanization and nature; construction and destruction. These questions arise via the book's unique poetic expression. Pedaya offers a theology of waste, addressing the place of garbage in the human sphere through the Kabbalistic idiom regarding the collection of qlipoth ("husks" ‮קליפות,‬‎). The Kabbalistic project of collecting the qlipoth, which previously functioned in the context of an esoteric and mostly secretive symbolic system, now takes on a different meaning in light of the real "husks" that demand to be collected and reused.

Basé sur des entretiens menés auprès d'anciens combattants engagés du côté abkhaze durant la guerre de 1992-1993, cet article analyse le rôle joué par ces derniers dans l'émergence de l'État de facto issu de la guerre. Le lexique utilisé par les anciens combattants éclaire le sens qu'ils donnent à la guerre et à l'État qui s'ensuit. Les vicissitudes de la construction d'une armée abkhaze et la difficulté à gérer la circulation des armes donnent à voir l'écueil que représente la centralisation de la violence par un État de facto dont la sécurité est assurée par la tutelle russe. Relégués au second plan en ce qui concerne la mise en œuvre du pacte de sécurité, les anciens combattants, par leur présence dans l'espace politique et social, contribuent en revanche à légitimer symboliquement l'existence de l'État abkhaze.

The relevance of the problems of cooperative construction in the formation of Belarusian scientific schools is determined. The role of the Belarusian State University in the development of problems of cooperation in the 1920s is characterised. The activity of S. L. Pevsner as a representative of the economic thought of the 1920s is studied. In the perspective of «history through personality», the problems of the formation of the personnel potential of Belarusian State University are revealed. The relations between the management and the teaching staff of the university, the status and issues of material well-being of teachers invited to Belarusian State University are characterised. The conclusion is made about a significant personnel shortage and the presence of serious competition in the personnel sphere of university science in the 1920s with the development of higher education in the USSR.

Les études sur l'économie sociale et solidaire (ESS) accordent beaucoup d'intérêt aux opportunités de pouvoir et d'émancipation qu'offrent les initiatives féminines. Mais rares sont celles qui prennent en compte la multiplicité des ancrages féminins dans des espaces de production et de reproduction des rapports entre hommes et femmes. Ce travail étudie, au prisme des parcours professionnels, le rôle des réseaux relationnels dans la construction de la figure de l'entrepreneure sociale, et ses implications dans les rapports de genre. À partir d'une approche biographique, cet article montre, d'une part, l'encastrement des parcours professionnels dans des liens multiples impliquant le recours (ou le renoncement) à des liens anciens et nouveaux (familiaux, associatifs, y compris religieux et politiques) à différents niveaux (professionnel, personnel, institutionnel) et, d'autre part, la diversité des figures d'entrepreneures sociales, qui révèle des chemins multiples et corrélés d'émancipation négociée.

Le travail d'inspection en abattoir demande une implication de tout le corps et une adaptation des gestes au rythme de la chaîne d'abattage. L'activité des agents chargés de l'inspection, dont les traits s'apparentent à une gestuelle ouvrière, contient cependant une forte dimension politique. Le geste, contraint par l'abattoir et ses caractéristiques, se trouve au cœur du pouvoir des agents publics et des possibilités de construction de leur identité professionnelle : l'inscription des corps de fonctionnaires sur les lignes d'abattage questionne ce qu'il reste de l'État. Cet article montre que le geste professionnel constitue une entrée de choix pour comprendre la signification que ces agents publics donnent à leur travail. En examinant les enjeux du geste et de ses adaptations aux contextes locaux dans le cadre d'une mission régalienne, il plaide en faveur d'une analyse multi-niveaux du geste professionnel.

AbstractIus Constitutionale Commune in Latin America (ICCAL) is an academic endeavour that attempts to provide an account of the original Latin American path of transformative constitutionalism, comprising elements from national, transnational and international legal orders, and where the law is placed at the service of the normative trinity of constitutionalism, namely the rule of law, democracy and human rights. In this regard, ICCAL speaks of an Inter-American law that represents a new legal phenomenon, in a region where constitutionalist ideas have allegedly claimed new traction. In this article, I develop two main critiques that can be deemed challenges for an academic project that is still 'under construction', and provide an intellectual map of Latin American constitutionalism that could address these critiques and serve as a roadmap for studying potential Latin American contributions to debates around global constitutionalism.

Abstract
This article seeks to place the Oromo popular uprising of 2014–2017 into a deeper historical context. It traces the origins of the uprising through various landmarks in the Oromo national struggle for self-determination and turning points in the history of Ethiopia's state-making projects. In understanding the relationship between attempts at state construction and the determined opposition it encountered, the article emphasizes the dramatic changes that unfolded between the close of the nineteenth century and the political transition that was triggered in 2018. Although recognizing Ethiopia's long-ranging political intricacies, this article argues that the Oromo popular uprising of 2014-17 demonstrates the peak of decades of struggles for inclusion, recognition, self-rule, and equality that have mainly resulted from the Ethiopian state's cyclical violence and rejection of demands for reform.

Abstract
As a response to the processes of international migration in the Balkans, the Hungarian government in 2015 constructed a technical border defence system on the southern border of Hungary, also assigning manpower to guard the border. As a response to migration, this is not unique in Europe if we also consider previous and subsequent events. Although this topic has already been addressed by several authors from different perspectives, this paper is the first to analyse in detail the construction and characteristics of the technical border defence system, and the structure and operation of the assigned police and military forces. The paper also examines how government policy related to the protection of the southern border and the fence revived the 'Hungary, the fortress/bastion of (Christian) Europe' concept, and also how the Hungarian government communicated this in order to achieve its political objectives.

AbstractIn 2019, Metro Manila experienced a water supply crisis, barely 2 years after the government and its private concessionaires were given international recognition for a successful water privatization, with success defined in terms of high operating efficiencies and improved service levels. These service‐level improvements, however, brought about a surge in consumer demand, which necessitated the construction of a new water supply infrastructure. Regulatory failures resulting in nondelivery of the infrastructure effectively negated and trapped the efficiency gains that were built slowly over the years, at a cost of US$5.4 billion. Such failures resulted in public indignation over dry household taps, as well as a presidential anger that threatened to cancel the program in its entirety. Using the lessons learned from this crisis, the paper enumerates measures to help unlock the traps set by these regulatory failures.