Suchergebnisse

Наукову статтю присвячено дослідженню питань підвищення якості підготовки фахівців у сфері кримінальної юстиції. Обґрунтовується, що інтеграція України у європейський правовий простір, урізноманітнення форм і способів кримінальної протиправної діяльності, а також інституційна перебудова судової та правоохоронної системи ставлять нові вимоги до підготовки фахівців у сфері кримінальної юстиції. Формулюються основні проблеми магістерських програм у закладах вищої юридичної освіти, до яких належить домінування теоретичної складової над практичною, відсутність професійної орієнтації, а також обмеженість вивченням національного законодавства. Аналізуються результати опитування випускників провідних вітчизняних закладів вищої юридичної освіти з приводу удосконалення магістерських програм, які показують запити та потреби здобувачів вищої юридичної освіти. Формулюються пропозиції щодо удосконалення магістерських програм підготовки юристів на прикладі міжнародного проекту CRIMHUM. ; Научная статья посвящена исследованию вопросов повышения качества подготовки специалистов в сфере уголовной юстиции. Обосновывается, что интеграция Украины в европейское правовое пространство, разнообразие форм и способов уголовной противоправной деятельности, а также институциональная перестройка судебной и правоохранительной системы ставят новые требования к подготовке специалистов в сфере уголовной юстиции. Формулируются основные проблемы магистерских программ в учреждениях высшего юридического образования, к которым относится доминирование теоретической составляющей над практической, отсутствие профессиональной ориентации, а также ограниченность изучением национального законодательства. Анализируются результаты опроса выпускников ведущих отечественных заведений высшего юридического образования по поводу усовершенствования магистерских программ, которые показывают запросы и потребности соискателей высшего юридического образования. Формулируются предложения по усовершенствованию магистерских программ подготовки юристов на примере проекта CRIMHUM. ; The scientific article is devoted to the study of issues of improving the quality of training of specialists in the field of criminal justice. It is justified that the integration of Ukraine into the European legal space, the variety of forms and methods of criminal illegal activities, as well as the institutional restructuring of the judicial and law enforcement system impose new requirements for the training of specialists in the field of criminal justice. The main problems of master's programs in institutions of higher legal education are formulated, which include dominance of the theoretical component over the practical one, lack of professional orientation, as well as limited study of national legislation. The results of the survey of graduates of leading domestic institutions of higher legal education on the improvement of master 's programs, which show the requests and needs of applicants for higher legal education, are analyzed. Proposals are being formulated to improve master 's programs for the training of lawyers using the example of the international project CRIMHUM.

As Venezuela's leader, Hugo Chávez utilized the media intensively and innovatively to boost his radical political project. The broadcast talk-show Aló Presidente became the most important component of his communication strategy, followed by his use of blanket broadcast messages. Chávez's flagship program subverted liberal tenets, and has to this day served as a template in Latin America for populist communication. This study examined the ways Venezuelan journalists and media professionals have understood Chávez's hyper-mediatic leadership –with special emphasis on Aló Presidente– and the impact the program and the official blanket messages had on their practice. A wide array of journalists, media practitioners, and commentators were interviewed about their views regarding Chávez's media strategies and Aló Presidente, and tensions arising between different ideals of normative journalistic practice. Opinions among local journalists about the above-mentioned issues, this study found, are divided within a highly-polarized frame. And normative media ideals of liberal trends were challenged by pro-Chávez journalists, while an important faction of media professionals maintained that such practices are non-democratic. ResumenEn calidad de líder de Venezuela, Hugo Chávez utilizó los medios comunicacionales de manera intensa e innovadora, para así promover su radical proyecto político. El programa televisivo Aló Presidente llegó a convertirse en el componente más importante de su estrategia comunicacional, seguido del uso de sus 'cadenas' audiovisuales. Este programa insignia de Chávez subvertía ideales liberales, y hasta el día de hoy funciona como un modelo de comunicación populista en América Latina. El presente estudio examina las formas en las que periodistas y profesionales de medios venezolanos entienden el liderazgo híper-mediático de Chávez –con especial énfasis en Aló Presidente– y el impacto que dicho programa y los mensajes 'en cadena' han ejercido en su oficio. Una amplia gama de periodistas, profesionales y comentaristas de medios fueron entrevistados sobre sus opiniones en relación a las estrategias mediáticas de Chávez, Aló Presidente, y las tensiones que surgen entre variados ideales sobre la práctica de periodismo normativo. El estudio revela que las opiniones de los periodistas locales sobre los asuntos arriba mencionados se dividen dentro de un marco de alta polarización. Igualmente, los ideales mediáticos normativos de tendencias liberales son desafiados por periodistas pro–Chávez, al tiempo que una facción importante de profesionales de medios sostiene que tales prácticas son anti-democráticas. Palabras clave: estudios de periodismo; periodismo y práctica de los medios; normativa mediática; populismo; Venezuela; Hugo Chávez; Aló Presidente

В статье раскрывается сущность этнокультурного кода коренных жителей Алтая, основанная на комплексе устойчивых мировоззренческих концептов: мифологеме перекрестка, философеме «Jол» («Путь»), концепте сакрального центра и др., составляющих каркас духовной системы кочевых народов Евразии – тенгрианства. В ходе исследования эксплицируются ключевые маркеры менталитета коренных жителей Алтая, проявляющиеся как в бытовых реалиях, так и в ритуальных практиках; обосновывается их актуализация в современной социокультурной ситуации и выявляется их потенциал для разработки стратегии социально-культурного развития региона, основанной на интеграции биосферно-ноосферного потенциала территории с ее культурным кодом. Подчеркивается, что менталитет алтайского народа свободен от религиозных и политических догм; он чувствителен к изменениям, появляющимся в природной и социальной среде; сосредоточен на событиях, происходящих сегодня. Методы. В исследовании использовались методы структурно-функционального и семиотического анализа. Делается вывод о том, что сакральные центры на территории Алтая не утратили своей значимости в современных условиях, поэтому новая модель социально-экономического развития региона – ноосферная модель – основана на синтезе науки, экологии, почитании святынь своего народа, этнокультурном многообразии и природосообразных законах социального устройства как основы устойчивости бытия. ; The article reveals the essence of the ethno-cultural code of the indigenous people of Altai, based on a complex of stable worldview concepts: the mythologema of the crossroads, the filosofeme "Jol" ("Path"), the sacral center concepts, etc., which make up the framework of the spiritual system of the nomadic peoples of Eurasia – Tengrianism. The study exposes key markers of the mentality of the indigenous inhabitants of Altai, manifested both in everyday life and in ritual practices; their actualization in the current sociocultural situation is substantiated and their potential for developing a strategy for the sociocultural development of the region, based on the integration of the biosphere and noosphere potential of the territory with its cultural code is revealed. It is emphasized that the mentality of the Altai people is free from religious and political dogmas; it is sensitive to changes that occur in the natural and social environment; it is focused on events occurring today. Methods. The methods of structural and functional and semiotic analysis were applied in the study. It is concluded that the sacral centers on the territory of Altai are of great significance in modern conditions, so the new model of socio-economic development of the region – the noosphere model – is based on the synthesis of science, ecology, veneration of the holy places of their people, ethno-cultural diversity and natural laws of social structure as the basis for the stability of life.

В статье приводятся данные об исследованиях Павла Львовича Юдина – российского историка-архивиста конца XIX – начала XX вв., краеведа, члена нескольких ученых архивных комиссий, который, будучи уроженцем Оренбуржья, посвятил свою научную деятельность изучению многонационального Южного Урала. Впервые выделяется в наследии ученого башкирская тема – изыскания о культуре, истории и людях Башкирии. Методы исследования: анализ работы ученого, опубликованные в столичных журналах, газетах, посвященных башкирской истории, ее культуре, народу. На основе анализа публикаций ученого в периодических изданиях выделяются следующие аспекты исследования П.Л. Юдиным Башкирии: историческое прошлое края – заселение башкирских земель, описание башкирских городов, жизни и быта их жителей, архивные данные об участии башкир в Пугачевском восстании, личность оренбургского военного генерал-губернатора начала XIX века В.А. Перовского, его военные походы и память о нем в башкирской истории, посещение Уфимской губернии историческими лицами, в том числе императором Александром I, подготовка к подобным посещениям, религиозные верования башкирского населения. Вывод. Отмечается значимость исследований П.Л. Юдина и актуальность его архивных находок для современной этнографии и этнологии и исторической науки в целом. ; The article presents data on the studies by P.L. Yudin, a Russian historian-archivist of the beginning of the 20th century, local historian, a member of several scholarly archival commissions, who being a native of the Orenburg Region, dedicated his scientific activity to the study of multinational South Ural. For the first time, the Bashkir theme – research about the culture, history and people of Bashkiria – stands out in the scientist's legacy. Methods of research: analysis of the works of the scientist about Bashkir history, its culture and people, published in the magazines, newspapers. Based on the analysis of scientist's works the following aspects of the study of Bashkiria by P.L. Yudin are distinguished: the historical past of the region – the settlement of Bashkir lands, a description of the Bashkir cities, the lives and mode of life of their inhabitants, archival data on the participation of the Bashkirs in the Pugachev uprising, the personality of V.A. Perovsky, Orenburg military governor general of the early 19th century, his military campaigns and citations about him in Bashkir history, historical visits to the Ufa Governorate by historical figures, including Emperor Alexander I, preparation for such visits, religious beliefs of the Bashkir population. Conclusion. The importance of studies by P.L. Yudin and the relevance of his archival finds for ethnography, ethnology and modern historical science is denoted as well.

Binbin Xu,1,2 Jinghui Zhang,1,3 Jianmei Hou,2 Mengdan Ma,2 Zhihong Gong,2 Siyuan Tang2 1Teaching and Research Office of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; 2Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; 3National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jinghui ZhangTeaching and Research Office of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of ChinaTel +86 15874032339Email zhangjh-1206@163.comBackground and Aim: The promotion of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) maintenance in primary hospitals can benefit discharged patients with PICCs living in remote areas a lot. Yet, no primary hospitals had introduced PICC maintenance technology in Hunan province, China. The present study aimed to evaluate nurses' attitudes and knowledge of PICC maintenance in primary hospitals in Hunan province, China.Materials and Methods: From November 2018 to January 2019, a total of 560 nurses from 28 community hospitals and 28 township hospitals in 14 cities across Hunan were recruited in the present study. All nurses were registered nurses engaged in clinical work related to intravenous infusion, and their attitudes and knowledge of PICC maintenance were measured by a self-designed questionnaire that was based on literature review and expert consultation.Results: The response rate was 93.6% (560 of 598). Almost all participants could realize the importance and necessity of PICC maintenance. More than 90% of the participants expressed interest in PICC maintenance and showed strong demands for relevant training. However, the nurses' correct response rate of most knowledge items was at a low level (7.14– 57.68%), with only three items exhibiting the correct response rate of 90% or higher. The factors influencing the nurses' PICC maintenance knowledge included their nursing experience, professional title, work setting, and department.Conclusion: Although nurses in primary hospitals had a positive attitude toward PICC maintenance, their knowledge level was unsatisfactory, which might be a barrier to the promotion of PICC maintenance technology in primary hospitals in Hunan province, China. Multiple parties should get involved and take measures to improve the nurses' PICC maintenance knowledge, including the government, nursing associations, large-scale hospitals, and primary hospitals themselves. Besides, new training models and dynamic assessment methods should be explored to improve training effectiveness in the future.Keywords: attitudes, catheter maintenance, knowledge, nurses, peripherally inserted central catheter, PICC, primary hospitals

Дослідження американського досвіду в підготовці вчителів спеціальної освіти передбачає історичний і компаративний аналіз відповідних стандартів. У результаті аналізу зроблено висновки про залежність стандартів підготовки спеціальних учителів від суспільно-політичних, економічних та інших чинників, що визначали особливості опіки та освіти осіб із обмеженнями життєдіяльності, а відтак безпосередньо впливали на становлення системи підготовки спеціальних учителів у США. Сучасний зміст та організація підготовки вчителів спеціальної освіти та інклюзивного навчання в США відповідають кодексу етичної поведінки спеціального вчителя, стандартам професійної діяльності та стандартам підготовки, перепідготовки й сертифікації вчителів спеціальної освіти відповідно до їхньої спеціалізації. ; The systemic transformation of educational forms for children with special educational needs in the United States is considered one of the basic categories of the evolution of American education system and the corresponding changes in the system of teacher training for such children. The public awareness of the need to teach all children resulted in changes in the federal and state legislation, which directly affects the development of the education system, especially the availability and quality of education for all children, training teachers to work with them and implemented in various forms of interaction between students and teachers. Educators should be able to interact effectively with students with special educational needs, to self-actualize in the profession, and at the same time to find jobs in the profession easily, as their qualifications meet the requirements of the labor market, so developing corresponding standards becomes extremely important. The study of the American experience in the training of special education teachers provides a historical and comparative analysis of relevant standards. As a result of the analysis, conclusions were made about the dependence of special education teachers' training standards on social, political, economic and other factors that determined the characteristics of care and education for people with disabilities, and thus directly influenced the formation of special education teachers' training system in the United States. The analysed standards were adopted in different eras of special education teachers' preparation: categorical orientation era (until late 1970s), noncategorical (1980-1990), and inclusive ones. The current content and organization of special education teacher training and inclusive education in the United States comply with the special teacher code of ethics, professional standards, and standards for the training, retraining, and certification of special education teachers according to their specialization. The purpose of this work is to study the specifics of standards for preservice special education teachers' preparation in the USA as well as comparing the experience in Ukraine and formulating proposals for the domestic educational system reformation.

Elderly is someone whose age is around 60-74 years, at that age, one's health tends to decrease, and it has an impact on reduced perception, cognition, and psychometry. One result of cognitive decline is a decrease in memory. Programs have been provided by the Indonesian government, such as submitting information, producing brochures, and making announcements on the health services website. But this counseling is not optimal because the elderly tend to be lazy to read this because the eyes have begun to look away from other than that the eye health of the elderly has already started to decrease. So that the health information provided by the health department can be optimized, we try to make a model that is used to summarize an article so that the article is easily understood by the elderly. To summarize the article, this study uses the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) algorithm. By using the TF-IDF algorithm, it is hoped that the elderly will more easily read health articles. User Experience Questionnaire after the application of writing software summary is higher than before the application of writing software summary that is 25.27> 19.30. ; Elderly is someone whose age is around 60-74 years, at that age, one's health tends to decrease, and it has an impact on reduced perception, cognition, and psychometry. One result of cognitive decline is a decrease in memory. Programs have been provided by the Indonesian government, such as submitting information, producing brochures, and making announcements on the health services website. But this counseling is not optimal because the elderly tend to be lazy to read this because the eyes have begun to look away from other than that the eye health of the elderly has already started to decrease. So that the health information provided by the health department can be optimized, we try to make a model that is used to summarize an article so that the article is easily understood by the elderly. To summarize the article, this study uses the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) algorithm. By using the TF-IDF algorithm, it is hoped that the elderly will more easily read health articles. User Experience Questionnaire after the application of writing software summary is higher than before the application of writing software summary that is 25.27> 19.30.

While historically sharing the characteristics of a universalistic religion and a modernist grand narrative, global Buddhism is mainly the product of a late modern development. Centripetal forces with circulating ideas, practices, and institutions have been part of a liberal market in an open exchange society with 'open hermeneutics' and an accessible universal grammar. Its global focus has triggered de-ethnification, de-culturalization, and de-territorialization, claiming transnational universality as a central paradigm fit for a global world beyond isolationalist particularism. However, such seemingly universalist versions of a global Buddhism in recent years, mainly in North America, have been criticized for actually being representations of particular cultures (e.g. 'white Buddhism') with benefits for only particular segments. This article investigates the discourses of this new turn, involving questions of authority, authenticity, identity, cultural appropriation, and representation. It is suggested that criticism of global Buddhism should be seen as typical of what could be called 'post-global Buddhism', in which identity politics is a frame of reference serving as a centrifugal force, signaling a new phase in 'Western Buddhism'. The relevance for the study of religion is further discussed with reflections on how to respond to post-global religious identity politics without being consumed by neither stark objectivism nor subjectivist go-nativism. ; While historically sharing the characteristics of a universalistic religion and a modernist grand narrative, global Buddhism is mainly the product of a late modern development. Centripetal forces with circulating ideas, practices, and institutions have been part of a liberal market in an open exchange society with "open hermeneutics" and an accessible universal grammar. Its global focus has triggered de-ethnification, de-culturalization, and de-territorialization, claiming transnational universality as a central paradigm fit for a global world beyond isolationalist particularism. However, such seemingly universalist versions of a global Buddhism in recent years, mainly in North America, have been criticized for actually being representations of particular cultures (e.g., "white Buddhism") with benefits for only particular segments. This article investigates the discourses of this new turn, involving questions of authority, authenticity, identity, cultural appropriation, and representation. It is suggested that criticism of global Buddhism should be seen as typical of what could be called "postglobal Buddhism," in which identity politics is a frame of reference serving as a centrifugal force, signaling a new phase in "Western Buddhism." The relevance for the study of religion is further discussed with reflections on how to respond to post-global religious identity politics without being consumed by either stark objectivism or subjectivist go-nativism.

Kebumen district government encourages the cultivation of shrimp ponds on the south coast. However, in cultivation, it should comply with existing regulations, among others according to the mandate of Law Number 27 of 2009 which was revised to Law Number 1 of 2014 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands. In addition, it must be in accordance with the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) Number 23 of 2012. The law states that a 100 meter long coastal border is used as a conservation area. So that related to the making of ponds in coastal areas, it should be outside the conservation area. Of course, these rules must be binding. This area is used as a green belt. So that the uneven location must be used according to its designation. In the RTRW it has even been stated that the southern coast, better known as Urut Sewu, is a defense and security area. Especially in the Dislitbang environment of the TNI AD, Setrojenar Village, Buluspesantren District to Mirit District. The proliferation of shrimp ponds in the Urut Sewu area without a permit should be of particular concern to the Kebumen district government. Therefore, this study aims to determine how the role of the regional government of Kebumen Regency in controlling the shrimp pond business in order to comply with the applicable regulations and to know the legal consequences for shrimp farmers who set up a pond business without having a business license. In this study, researchers chose to use descriptive qualitative research methods. Descriptive research aims to provide an overview of a particular symptom. Data collection was carried out by interviewing the Kebumen Licensing Office, the Fisheries and Marine Office of Kebumen Regency, and residents of Jogosimo Village as a sample of shrimp farmers. The results of the research related to the existence of these ponds, related parties provided guidance to the pond owners. As has been done by Satpol PP, the Integrated Investment and Licensing Agency of Kebumen Regency, and the Marine and Fisheries Office of Kebumen Regency. In fact, it was followed up by checking directly into the field. Head of Planning at the Office of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Kebumen Regency. The government should not only make preventive efforts but also repressive efforts, for example by issuing a special regulation regarding shrimp farming, considering that currently, shrimp ponds are a new livelihood for residents around the southern coast of Kebumen Regency.Keywords: Local Government, Shrimp Farming, Business License

Abstract. In Ukraine, the conceptual apparatus of municipal waste management in the field of their disposal has shortcomings, and in the framework of the implementation of EU legislation in Ukraine, new terms appear, which make their adjustments. This leads to uncertainty, ambiguity, discrepancy and misuse of concepts by waste actors, scientists, authors and more. To begin reforming the waste system, it is necessary to clarify the shortcomings of the past conceptual framework and clearly form an understanding of the new.This study is designed to analyze the conceptual apparatus of safe waste management in the field of disposal and in the implementation of EU legislation in Ukraine, namely the terminology before and after waste management reform, finding common and divergent, identifying shortcomings in interpretations and own vision of such definitions.In writing this article used a theoretical method, a method of studying regulatory and instructional documents, synthesis, analysis, comparison, grouping. The theoretical basis was the work of Ukrainian scientists, graduate students, the regulatory framework of Ukraine and the EU in the field of waste.At the end of the study, four groups of terms were formed, each of which clarifies the pros and cons of defining the terms, as well as suggested ways to improve the conceptual framework for safe waste in the field of disposal and implementation of EU legislation in Ukraine.Keywords. Conceptual apparatus, term, waste, landfill, implementation of EU legislation. ; Анотація. В Україні понятійний апарат сфери оброблення муніципальних відходів в області їх захоронення має недоліки, а в рамках імплементації законодавства ЄС в Україні з'являються нові терміни, які вносять свої корективи. Це призводить до невизначеності, незрозумілості, розбіжності і неправильного використання понять суб'єктами сфери відходів, науковцями, авторами статей тощо. Для початку реформування системи відходів потрібно з'ясувати недоліки минулого понятійного апарату і чітко сформувати розуміння нового.Дане дослідження покликане проаналізувати понятійний апарат оброблення безпечних відходів в області їх захоронення та в рамках імплементації законодавства ЄС в Україні, а саме термінологія до початку реформи управління відходами і після, пошук спільного і розбіжного, виявлення недоліків в тлумаченнях та власне бачення таких визначень.При написанні даної статті використовувався теоретичний метод, метод вивчення нормативних та інструктивно-методичних документів, синтез, аналіз, порівняння, групування. Теоретичною базою слугували праці українських вчених, аспірантів, нормативно-правова база України та ЄС в області відходів.По завершенню дослідження було сформовано чотири групи термінів по кожній із яких з'ясовані плюси та недоліки визначення термінів, а також запропоновано шляхи вдосконалення понятійного апарату оброблення безпечних відходів в області їх захоронення та в рамках імплементації законодавства ЄС в Україні.Ключові слова. Понятійний апарат, термін, відходи, захоронення, імплементація законодавства ЄС.

Air pollution is a global issue and calls for action, partly because of its well-known health consequences, but also because it raises issues in terms of justice. Numerous studies show that there are inequalities in exposure to particles, but also in emissions. Environmental inequalities are used to describe the cumulation of socio-economic and environmental inequalities. In fact, the people most exposed are most often lower-income households. The low emission zone, a tool of air quality improvement policies, can therefore be considered as a way of correcting these inequalities, since it is conceivable that the groups most affected by air pollution will be the first to benefit. However, as the low emission zone is a traffic restriction policy, it also has consequences on the daily life of citizens. It would appear that the citizens most affected by these restrictions are also the most vulnerable households. This work proposes to study these issues through the example of the lowemission zone of the Brussels-Capital Region. The prism of environmental inequality is chosen in this study, and the capability approach, a concept developed by the Indian economist Amartya Sen, is proposed as an element of response to these issues. ; La pollution de l'air est un enjeu global, et appelle à agir, d'une part du fait de ses conséquences désormais bien connues sur la santé, mais aussi parce qu'elle pose des questions en termes de justice. De nombreuses études montrent qu'il existe des inégalités d'exposition aux particules, mais aussi d'émissions. On parle d'inégalités environnementales pour désigner le cumul d'inégalités socioéconomiques et environnementales. De fait, les personnes les plus exposées sont le plus souvent des ménages à plus faibles revenus. La zone de basses émissions, outil des politiques d'amélioration de la qualité de l'air, peut donc être considérée comme un moyen de corriger ces inégalités, car on peut imaginer que les publics les plus impactés par la pollution de l'air en seront les premiers bénéficiaires. Mais la zone de basses émissions étant une politique de restriction de circulation, elle a également des conséquences sur la vie quotidienne des citoyens. Or, il semblerait que les citoyens les plus impactés par ces restrictions soient aussi les ménages les plus fragiles. Ce travail propose d'étudier ces enjeux à travers l'exemple de la zone de basses émissions de la région de Bruxelles-Capitale. Le prisme d'analyse des inégalités environnementales est privilégié dans cette étude, et l'approche des capabilités, notion développée par l'économiste indien Amartya Sen, est proposée comme un élément de réponse à ces enjeux.

To maintain the Tarawangsa Art, real effort and appreciation must be made by the community, especially the younger generation, the government and also schools to inherit and preserve Tarawangsa Art so that this art will not become extinct and remain a cultural identity of Indonesia. One effort that can be done is through the regeneration of Tarawangsa Artists towards the young generation. The younger generation has a very important role in the preservation of Tarawangsa Art. The type of research method used in this study is qualitative ethnographic approach. Data collection was carried out using observations, in-depth interviews, literature studies and documentation. In the process of analyzing the data obtained there are several stages including data reduction, data presentation, and inference (verification). The results of research and data analysis in this study concluded that the process of inheritance of tarawangsa artistry carried out by Mr. Pupung applied a learning by doing approach, meaning that they learned the material provided through direct practical activities. In addition, there are 6 stages of learning in the process of inheritance carried out by Mr. Pupung, namely juntrung, ngararaba, nyoba-nyoba, mitemeyan, ngaderes, and hatam. The process of inheritance carried out by Mr. Pupung is by seeing and hearing, not using number notation. ; Untuk mempertahankan Kesenian Tarawangsa ini perlu di lakukan upaya nyata dan apresiasi oleh masyarakat khususnya generasi muda, pemerintah dan juga sekolah untuk mewariskan dan melestarikan Kesenian Tarawangsa agar kesenian ini tidak punah dan tetap menjadi identitas budaya Indonesia. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah melalui regenerasi dari pelaku Kesenian Tarawangsa terhadap generasi muda. Generasi muda memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam pelestarian Kesenian Tarawangsa. Jenis metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pengamatan, wawancara mendalam, studi literatur dan dokumentasi. Dalam proses menganalisis data yang diperoleh dilakukan. beberapa tahapan diantaranya reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penyimpulan (verifikasi). hasil penelitian dan analisis data pada penelitian ini memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa proses pewarisan kesenian tarawangsa yang dilakukan oleh Pak Pupung menerapkan pendekatan learning by doing, artinya mereka belajar materi yang diberikan melalui kegiatan praktek langsung. Selain itu, Terdapat 6 tahapan belajar dalam proses pewarisan yang dilakukan oleh Pak Pupung, yaitu juntrung, ngararaba, nyoba-nyoba, mitemeyan, ngaderes, dan hatam. Proses pewarisan yang dilakukan oleh Pak Pupung adalah dengan cara melihat dan mendengar, tidak menggunakan notasi angka.

Context: The topic of this paper is how mass emigration of skilled workers affects national policies, and employers' willingness to invest in Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Poland. In the wake of EU enlargement in 2004, Poland became one of the biggest sending countries for skilled labour to Western European countries. These massive outflows of skilled labour, not compensated by adequate inflows of equally skilled workers, have led to serious skills shortages, especially in the construction sector. The paper investigates whether emigration and immigration constitute a driving force for institutional change of the Polish VET system, by analysing policy development and the attitudes of VET stakeholders towards contributing to VET. Approach: The paper focuses on the emigration of skilled construction workers in Poland. Drawing on Hirschman's (1970) framework, when faced with massive skills deficits construction companies are confronted with different options: i) withdraw from the VET system and find other training and recruitment options (exit), ii) attempt to improve conditions by turning to policy makers (voice), and/or iii) remain loyal to the VET system. The analysis is based on an interview study of decision makers responsible for VET policies, employers, chamber of Craft and trade unions, principals of vocational schools, teachers and representatives of regional examination boards. Findings: After years of inattention, VET has been regaining a strong position in national policies. We find that construction companies are mostly more willing now, compared to 5 years ago, to take on learners for practical training and to contribute to improving school equipment. The study showed that one of the most significant obstacles to employers investing in the training of VET learners is the fear of losing a young skilled employee through emigration. Yet, dependent on skilled labour, employers of big construction companies saw no other option than to continue investing in training young learners. However, smaller companies seeking the short-term benefits of employing low-cost labour are less interested in investing in VET. Conclusion: Despite a range of recent policy actions and legislative efforts, several major challenges in the Polish VET system remain unresolved. Continued effort to institutionalise and enhance dialogue between the education system and the labour market appears as the most pressing need. It is currently too early to determine the degree of "institutional stickiness" of the activities observed on the policy level and among employers regarding their increased interest in VET as a response to mass skilled emigration. ; publishedVersion

Abstract—This Study discussed the problem whether the secession of Catalonia from Spain is in accordance with the self-determination principle in the International Law. This study used a legal, concept and case approach and concluded as follows: Catalonia was able to separate them selves from the parent nation according to the self-determination principle by making a referendum. This act of making a referendum was a way for the Catalonia society to state their opinion. This condition was in accordance with the self-determination principle in the international law because the right for secession may occur in a certain condition other than the context of decolonization. When a country is retricted by the reigning government in savoring internal self-determination (in obtaining political, economic, social and cultural status), then the country may perform a secession from the parent nation. The requierements of self-determination in the Catalonia and Spain case were political, economic, social and cultural aspects. Afterwards, Catalonia needed full fill the requirements stated in Article 1 of the 1933 Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States, and they need to get a recognition from another country. Keywords : secession, referendum, self-determination principle, recognation Abstrak—Penelitian berjudul rencana pemisahan Catalonia dari Spanyol di tinjau dari prinsip self-determination, dengan membahas permasalahan apakah pemisahan diri Catalonia dari Spanyol sesuai dengan prinsip self-determination dalam hukum internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang, konsep dan kasus, sehingga diperoleh suatu kesimpulan bahwa Catalonia bisa memisahkan diri dari Spanyol sesuai dengan prinsip self-determination dengan melakukan referendum. Referendum adalah suatu cara masyarakat Catalonia untuk menyampaikan pendapat. Hal ini sesuai dengan prinsip self-determination dalam hukum internasional, karena hak untuk memisahkan diri bisa muncul dalam keadaan khusus, selain dalam konteks dekolonisasi. Ketika suatu bangsa dihalangi haknya oleh pemerintah yang berkuasa dalam menikmati internal self-determination (untuk mendapatkan status politik, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya), maka sebagai jalan terakhir yang diperbolehkan dalam hukum internasional adalah upaya melepaskan diri dari negara tersebut. Syarat-syarat self-determination dalam kasus Catalonia dengan Spanyol yang ingin memisahkan diri adalah aspek politik, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya. Setelah itu Catalonia harus sesuai dengan Konvensi Montevideo Tentang Hak dan Tugas Negara Tahun 1933 Pada Pasal 1 yaitu syarat terbentuknya suatu negara, dan terakhir Catalonia harus mendapatkan pengakuan dari sebuah negara. Kata kunci : pemisahan diri, referendum, prinsip self-determination, pengakuan

The purpose of the study entitled "The Role of the Central Java Provincial Wage Council in Determining Regency/City Minimum Wages in 2020" is to determine the role of the Central Java Provincial Wage Council and the procedures for setting the minimum wage in 2020 by the Governor of Central Java Province. The research method used is normative juridical, which is an approach aimed at the study of legal issues from the aspect of applicable legal regulations, in this case in the form of the role of the Central Java Provincial Wage Council in seeking regency/city minimum wages in Central Java. Before the Central Java Provincial Wages Council was formed the name of the Central Java Provincial Research, Wages and Welfare Commission. With Presidential Decree No. 107 of 2004 concerning the Wages Board stipulated by the President of the Republic of Indonesia Megawati Sukarno Putri on 18 October 2004. In principle between the Research Commission and the Wage Council there are some differences, among others, regarding the requirements to become a member of the Research Commission and the Wage Board that the requirements to become members of research do not have to bachelor, while to become a member of the Wage Board must be a S1 as well as regarding the composition in the Research Commission the ratio between representatives of workers, government and employers is 1:1:1 and universities. While in the Wage Council the ratio of government, workers, and employers is 2: 1: 1 and universities and experts. In order to follow up on the Presidential Decree on the Wage Council, the Governor of Central Java Province issued Decree No. 560/61/2005 concerning the Establishment of the Central Java Provincial Wage Council. The Governor of Central Java Province also issued Regulation No. 31 of 2005 concerning Procedures for Proposing Members of the Central Java Province Wage Council. Governor's Decree Number 560/58 2019, concerning UMK of 35 Regencies/Cities in 2020 stipulated the highest wage in Semarang City of Rp. 2,715,000,-, while the lowest was found in the Banjarnegara district of Rp. 1,748,000. Determination of wages has been through existing mechanisms and refers to applicable laws and regulations. The minimum wage is calculated based on the formula of Article 44 paragraph (2) of Government Regulation no. 78 of 2015, in accordance with the Minister of Manpower Letter No. BM 305 Year 2019.