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This original and historically rich book examines the influence of gender in shaping the Egyptian nation from the nineteenth century through the revolution of 1919 and into the 1940s. In Egypt as a Woman, Beth Baron divides her narrative into two strands: the first analyzes the gendered language and images of the nation, and the second considers the political activities of women nationalists. She shows that, even though women were largely excluded from participation in the state, the visual imagery of nationalism was replete with female figures. Baron juxtaposes the idealization of the family and the feminine in nationalist rhetoric with transformations in elite households and the work of women activists striving for national independence

Public spaces are the renditions of the power symmetry within the social setting it resides in, and is both controlling and confining of power. In an ideologically-laden context, urban design encompasses values and meanings and is utilized as a means to construct the identity and perpetuate visible and invisible boundaries. Hence, gendered spatial dichotomy based on a biological division of sexes is often employed systematically to evade the transgression of women into the public spaces. The production of modern urban space in the Middle East is formed in the interplay between modernity, tradition and religion. Examining women in public spaces and patterns of interaction with gender -segregated and -mixed space, this book argues that gendered spaces are far from a static physical spatial division and produce a complex and dynamic dichotomy of men/public and women/private. Taking the example of Iran, normative and ideologically-laden gender segregated public spaces have been used as a tool for the Islamization of everyday life. The most recent government effort includes women-only parks, purportedly designed and administered through women's contributions, as well as to accommodate their needs and provide space for social interaction and activities. Combining research approaches from urban planning and social sciences, this book analyses both technical and social aspects of women-only parks. Addressing the relationships between ideology, urban planning and gender, the book interprets power relations and how they are used to define and plan public and semi-public urban spaces. Lack of communication across disciplinary boundaries as result of complexities of urban life has been one of the major hindrances in studying urban spaces in the Middle East. Addressing the concern, the cross-disciplinary approach employed in this volume is an amalgamation of methods informed by urban planning and social sciences, which includes an in-depth analysis of the morphological, perceptual, social, visual, functional, and temporal dimensions of the public space, the women-only parks in Iran. Based on critical ethnography, this volume uses a phenomenological approach to understating women in gendered spaces. Interaction of women in women-only parks in Iran, a gendered space which is growing in popularity across the Muslim world is discussed thoroughly and compared vis-à-vis gender-neutral public spaces. The book targets scholars and students within a wide range of academic disciplines including urban studies, urban planning, gender studies, political science, Middle Eastern studies, cultural studies, urban anthropology, urban sociology, Iranian studies and Islamic studies.--

Gender and racial attitudes in politics -- Positive interaction of gender and race/ethnicity -- Predicting Latina political office-holding -- Diverse state legislators in Texas -- Diverse state legislators in California -- Conclusion: explanations for Latina political success.

This article contributes to the conceptual and technical development of cross-national measurement and analysis of the gender gap in the scope of parenting related leave entitlements. That there is a gender gap in the scope of leave benefits is widely acknowledged, but it is rarely quantified. The nomenclature in use around leave policies is diverse and so a first step is to standardise categories and develop a unit of parenting related leave. There is considerable cross-national variation in the configuration of the scope of leave policies. As such, a second step is to consider how best to include the different dimensions of this scope (e.g., duration, payment level, individual parent versus family design) in an estimate of the gender gap in entitlement. Using data collated by the International Network on Leave Policies and Research, a gender gap indicator is created to contribute to our understanding of the inclusiveness of parenting related leave for men as compared to women. This indicator highlights that only two (Iceland and Norway) of 45 countries included in this analysis had achieved a zero-gender gap in terms of entitlement to 'well-paid,' individual parenting related leave during the first 18 months of a child's life. The average gender gap for the countries in the analysis is between two to three months. Only seven countries offered more than two months leave to fathers as an individual entitlement. This is likely to be part of the explanation in many countries for lower leave taking practice by men compared to women.

Investigates the extent of gender segregation in US organizations, drawing on data from the 1991 National Organizations Study. Prior studies have concluded that gender segregation has been high across this century, though this research has been limited by its focus on gender composition across the entire society or by case studies of sex segregation within individual firms. Here, data indicate that gender job segregation is very high, with only 19% of occupations categorizable as gender balanced. Gender segregation is associated with lower earnings & career prospects for women. Personnel policies are a strong predictor of gender segregation, as establishments with formalized employment practices & stronger enforcement scrutiny demonstrate lower gender segregation. Organizational leadership is also associated with less gender segregation. Future research should analyze the roles of employee job search processes & employer hiring decisions in the creation of gender job segregation. 7 Tables, 2 Figures, 1 Appendix. D. M. Smith

Voxeu column: https://voxeu.org/article/language-matters-gender-grammar-and-observed-gender-discrimination ; International audience ; This article studies the determinants of gender political quota and enforcement sanctions, two key policy instruments for increasing female participation in politics. We find a novel empirical fact: language (the pervasiveness of gender distinctions in grammar) is the most significant related variable to quota adoption, more than traditional explanations such as economic development, political system and religion.

Voxeu column: https://voxeu.org/article/language-matters-gender-grammar-and-observed-gender-discrimination ; International audience ; This article studies the determinants of gender political quota and enforcement sanctions, two key policy instruments for increasing female participation in politics. We find a novel empirical fact: language (the pervasiveness of gender distinctions in grammar) is the most significant related variable to quota adoption, more than traditional explanations such as economic development, political system and religion.

Fragen der Un-/Gerechtigkeit v.a. in der Erwerbssphäre sind (wieder) auf die politische Agenda gerückt. Ausgehend von der geschlechtersoziologischen Kritik an einem engen Arbeitsbegriff plädieren wir dafür, Gerechtigkeitsvorstellungen im Lebenszusammenhang zu betrachten. Wir fragen, welche Missstände aus einer Perspektive des Lebenszusammenhangs als ungerecht erfahren werden, basierend auf narrativen Interviews mit prekär Beschäftigten, die wir in einem hermeneutischen Auswertungsprozess interpretierten. Wir rekonstruieren, welche Missstände die Befragten als nicht erfüllte Gerechtigkeitsansprüche erheben und welche nur als nicht erfüllte Wünsche, wobei wir Sorgearrangements ins Zentrum stellen. Anhand dreier Fallbeispiele zeigen wir, dass nur Fürsorge normative Kraft entfalten kann, während zur Einforderung angemessener Bedingungen zur Selbstsorge meist normative Rahmen fehlen. Fürsorge ist zudem vergeschlechtlicht und aus dem Anspruch, gute Pflege zu leisten, kann selbstdestruktives Potenzial erwachsen. Gesellschaftspolitisch ist zu fragen, wie normative Rahmen für angemessene Selbstsorge und gerechte Bedingungen für selbstsorgsame Pflege von Anderen etabliert werden können.

This volume not only explores Muslim identities through the lens of sexuality and gender - their historical and contemporary transformations and local and global articulations - but also interrogates our understanding of what constitutes a a "Muslima" identity in selected Muslim-majority countries at this pivotal historical moment, characterized by transformative destabilizations in which national, ethnic, and religious boundaries are being re-imagined and re-made.

This book explores how gender equality, a central part of the Nordic imaginary, is used in the political communication of Nordic states. The analyses presented move beyond conventional images and discourses of Nordic gender- and women-friendliness by critically investigating how and to what extent gender equality serves nation-branding in the Nordic region. Nation-branding is an unescapable part of globalisation, which is a market-oriented process dominated by the West and predicated on the creation of winners and losers. Hence, efforts to strengthen the national brand or reputation of specific Nordic countries with the aid of gender equality as a political and symbolic value inevitably help to reinforce already established global hierarchies where the Nordics play the role of moral superpower. This book comprises scholars from various fields of specialisation, and provides evidence and understanding for the growing interaction between gender-equality policies and nation-branding in all five Nordic countries. It does so by exploring a variety of policy fields and issues including women's rights, foreign policy, rape and legislation, female quotas and business policies, in addition to the index industry. The rise of the global indexes has reproduced forceful images of the Nordic countries as frontrunners of gender equality, which indeed help the Nordic countries to further position themselves as 'best at being good'. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of Nordic gender equality in political science, sociology, law, criminology, political psychology and history, as well as those interested in nation branding, Nordic studies and exceptionalism. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003017134, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Computerspiele sind aus medienökonomischer Sicht zwar längst ein Massenmedium, in der gesellschaftlichen Wahrnehmung werden sie jedoch tendenziell immer noch als Spielzeug vornehmlich für junge Männer wahrgenommen. Dabei liegt der Anteil derjenigen, die regelmäßig spielen, in Deutschland bei fast 50 Prozent der Bevölkerung - und hiervon sind wiederum ca. 45 Prozent Spielerinnen. Ausgehend von diesem Missverhältnis zwischen gesellschaftlicher Verbreitung und Wahrnehmung rückt Sabine Hahn einerseits aus kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive die Spielerinnen in den Fokus und wirft andererseits aus mediensoziologischer bzw. kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Perspektive einen Blick hinter die Kulissen der Games-Industrie.

Preface / Uroš Matić and Bo Jensen -- Introduction : why do we need archaeologies of gender and violence and why now? / Bo Jensen and Uroš Matić -- Revisiting the "myth of matriarchy", rethinking determinism : Seeing anew / Stephanie Koerner -- The honoured and the sacrificed? : gender and violence at a sanctuary -- Of the late 3rd millennium BC in central Germany -- André Spatzier, with anthropological analyses by Marcus Stecher and Kurt W. Alt -- The role of violence in the construction of prehistoric masculinities / Lisbeth Skogstrand -- "Her striking but cold beauty" : gender and violence in depictions of Queen Nefertiti smiting the enemies / Uroš Matić -- Les demoiselles d'Entremont : violence, gender and headhunting in Iron Age Europe / Ian Armit -- Violence against women in Graeco-Roman Egypt : the contribution of Demotic documents / Christine Hue-Arcé -- Death and the maiden : late antique images of nubile females as agents and victims of lethal violence / Susanne Moraw -- Heaven for me, hell for the "others" : an agenda on sex and body from Sasanid Persia / Maryam Dezhamkhooy and Leila Papoli Yazdi -- Skull-cups and snake-pits : men's revenge and women's revenge in Viking age Scandinavia / Bo Jensen -- The weapons make the man? : a re-analysis of early Anglo-Saxon weapon burial and interpretation / Laura M. Whitehouse -- Gender and structural violence in prehistoric Peru / Julie Farnum -- Gender and violence in archaeology : final commentary / Louise Hitchock

Genderkompetenz und -sensibilität sind bei politischen und zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteur_innen in ländlichen Regionen oft nur marginal vorhanden. Jüngste Wahlergebnisse in Europa und den USA bestärken die Hypothese, dass ein "rural-urban-divide" bei konservativen und liberalen Lebenskonzepten und -orientierungen besteht. Wie gestalten sich unter solchen Bedingungen die Lebensverhältnisse der dort lebenden Menschen? In diesem Beitrag werden zum einen die Vielfalt ländlicher Regionen und zum anderen ihre unterschiedlichen Dynamiken im Hinblick auf Geschlechterordnungen und Benachteiligungen von Frauen und Mädchen beleuchtet. Der direkte Blick in die Regionen, auf die ländliche Wirtschaft und die verschiedenen Facetten von Arbeit lässt deutlich werden, mit wie vielen Herausforderungen Frauen konfrontiert sind, wenn sie ein existenzsicherndes und selbstbestimmtes Leben auf dem Land realisieren wollen. Und wie gefährdet Errungenschaften sind, die Geschlechtergerechtigkeit garantieren.