Suchergebnisse

The 39th session of the International Labor Organization (ILO) Conference was held in Geneva from June 6 to 28, 1956, under the presidency of Mr. Mohsen Nasr (government delegate and Minister of Labor, Iran). The Conference was attended by delegates from 73 member countries and observers from the Federation of Malaya, the Trust Territory of Somaliland under Italian administration, and Trinidad. During the session Morocco, Tunisia and the Sudan were admitted to membership.

To provide a final solution to the problems of hundreds of thousands of refugees and persons displaced by the war and who still remain in the occupied zones of Europe, the International Refugee Organization was established by the United Nations. The General Assembly adopted the Constitution of the Organization on December 15 by a vote of 30 to 5, with 18 abstentions, and the agreement was opened for signature the following day.

Kinship in international relations: introduction and framework / Iver B. Neumann, Kristin Haugevik and Jon Harald Sande Lie -- Kinship as an international ordering principle in the nineteenth century / Morten Skumsrud Andersen and Benjamin de Carvalho -- Kith, kin and inter-state relations: international politics as family life / Kristin Haugevik -- Kinship diplomacy, or diplomats of a kin / Halvard Leira -- "Brothers in arms": kinship, gender and military organisations / Nina Græger -- Colonized children: Chechnya in Russia / Julie Wilhelmsen -- Brother, where art thou? kinship in Turkish region-building / Einar Wigen -- Kinship in Indian politics: dynasties, nepotism and imagined families / Francesca R. Jensenius -- A command-chain of brothers: kinship in Chinese foreign policy / Bjørnar Sverdrup-Thygeson -- Like grandfather, like grandson: kinship as a legitimating force in Japan's international relations / Wrenn Yennie Lindgren -- Conclusion: the heterogeneity of kinship systems and world politics / Andreas Aagaard Nøhr.

The concept of anarchy is seen as the cardinal organizing category of the discipline of International Relations (IR), which differentiates it from cognate disciplines such as Political Science or Political Philosophy. This entry provides an analytical review of the scholarly literature on anarchy in IR, on two levels—conceptual and theoretical. First, it distinguishes three senses of the concept of anarchy: (1) lack of a common superior in an interaction domain; (2) chaos or disorder; and (3) horizontal relation between nominally equal entities, sovereign states. The first and the third senses of "anarchy"' are central to IR. Second, it considers three broad families of IR theory where anarchy figures as a focal assumption—(1) realism and neorealism; (2) English School theory (international society approach); and (3) Kant's republican peace. Despite normative and conceptual differences otherwise, all three bodies of theory are ultimately based on Hobbes's argument for a "state of nature." The discussion concludes with a summary of the key challenges to the discourse of international anarchy posed by the methodology of economics and economics-based theories which favor the alternative discourse of global hierarchy.

In der Arbeit wird untersucht, ob Steuern die räumliche Allokation von Kapital beeinflussen. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse belegen, daß die beobachtbare internationale Steuer-Standort-Konkurrenz um grenzüberschreitende Investitionen und Investoren theoretisch und empirisch nicht begründet werden kann. Vor allem existieren keine verläßlichen Daten für Direktinvestitionen und effektive Steuersätze, um den Einfluß und das Gewicht der Besteuerung auf Standortentscheidungen statistisch erklären zu können. Mit Hilfe einer Veranlagungssimulation wird international vergleichend der Einfluß der Körperschaftsteuer auf das verwendbare Eigenkapitel einer Kapitalgesellschaft dargestellt.

The subject of this article is how deadlocks in international negotiations may be solved. Despite the fact that deadlock is a common phenomenon in international negotiations, this subject has received little attention from negotiation theorists. This analysis, which is based on five instances of deadlocks that occurred during the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, focuses on (a) the negotiating parties' attempts and ability to solve deadlocks by coercion and persuasion, package deals and fractionating, and innovations, (b) how non-controversial elements, uncertainty, vagueness, symbolic formulas and residual disagreement can be used to solve deadlocks, and (c) how the perceptions of the negotiation and the presence of internal negotiations may limit the negotiation parties' possibilities to solve deadlocks. The analysis shows that innovations that are non-controversial, in the sense that they are hard to relate to the positions of the parties in terms of concessions or retractions, may play an important role in solving deadlocks. Furthermore, it indicates that agreements that follow deadlocks are often characterized by uncertainty, vagueness, symbolic formulas and residual disagreement.

Intro -- Erster Teil: Grundlagen -- Zweiter Teil: Anknüpfungspunkte der Besteuerung -- Dritter Teil: Verhinderung von Doppelbesteuerung -- Vierter Teil: Einzelne Formen grenzüberschreitender Tätigkeit -- Fünfter Teil: Verhinderung von Steuerflucht -- Sechster Teil: Verfahrensrecht im internationalen Steuerrecht.

Edited by Abe Ata and Alex Kostogriz The internationalisation of higher education in the 20th century, built on an unprecedented expansion of transport and communication networks and the scope of international scholarly activities, triggered a massive flow of people across countries and continents. Geographically remote countries, such as Australia, became more attractive and accessible to migrants from Europe. Today, international education in Australia is under enormous pressure to reinvent itself. This book offers a collection of chapters that cover various dimensions of international education in Australia. The issues covered span from political and student identity concerns to the pedagogical and curriculum dimensions of international education and to the areas of language acquisition and language assessment. Each chapter formulates implications for the education of international students as Australia enters a new phase of hyperglobalism and completion with the rise of global cities and educational hubs that they provide beyond the traditional Western providers of higher education. Coming from diverse backgrounds and regions, the authors offer insights into significant developments in international education as they address crucial questions faced by educators in Australia and compare them with North America and Europe in comprehensive and critical ways. This includes shifts in methodological approaches in education and policy research, as well as other issues arising from comparative research, such as improving educational quality and responsiveness of education to the needs of international students. Several chapters address more specific problems of providing equality, access, and equity for all students, narrowing the achievement gap, and the ways of offering education that is free from prejudice and discrimination on the grounds of race, ethnicity, gender, social class and religion.

The 46th session of the International Labor Conference took place in Geneva from June 6 through June 29, 1962, under the presidency of Mr. John Lynch (Minister for Industry and Commerce and government delegate of Ireland). According to Mr. David A. Morse, the Director-General, despite disputes, restlessness, impatience, and criticism, disagreement had been contained within the Organization's rules and procedures; and the Conference had reached a wide measure of agreement on important and controversial issues.

The 41st (Maritime) session of the International Labor Conference was held in Geneva from April 29 to May 14, 1958, under the presidency of Mr. I. Kawasaki (Japanese government delegate). It was attended by 370 delegates, advisers, and observers, representing the governments, shipowners, and seafarers of 46 member countries. The Conference took note of reports from its credentials committee, declaring that the objections lodged against the nomination of the Chinese delegation and the Indian workers' delegation were irreceivable.