Suchergebnisse

Impact investment has emerged as a socially aware response to contemporary socioeconomic challenges. The combined pursuit of investment efficiency with proactive furtherance of socially beneficial goals appears particularly relevant in an era of recurring risk aversion, capital volatility and stringency in public funding. This study sums up the early evidence of impact investment: its origins, philosophy, taxonomyand evolution. The key research dilemma addressed herein boils down to whether impact investment will transpire as a distinctive class of institutional financial management. The social arguments for its expansion are undisputable, however, to succeed in the long term impact investment will have to enhance its internal organisation and classification, improve reporting transparency and ensure lasting commitments from governments, international organisations and private contributors.

"Who should have the last word on fundamental policy issues? This book analyzes the rise of two contenders - the people, through direct democracy, and the courts. It demonstrates that courts have used an expanding power of judicial review to invalidate citizen-enacted laws at remarkably high rates. The resulting conflict between the people and the courts threatens to produce a backlash against judges and raises profound questions about the proper scope of popular sovereignty and judicial power in a constitutional system."--[from book]

The export booms in South Korea and Taiwan starting in the early 1960s are anomalous when compared with later export booms in non‐East Asian countries such as Chile and Turkey. First, these booms have taken place in the context of comparatively small changes in relative prices in favor of exportables. Second, they have been associated from the start with booms in investment. This paper offers evidence and a formal model to suggest that exports in East Asia may have been driven by an increase in the profitability of investment, with outward orientation a consequence of the investment boom rather than its instigator.

Theorising policy change and stasis is one of the central research questions in political science. Within the ideational scholarship, a full explanation of causality in policy dynamics has eluded definition. This thesis seeks to contribute to the debate by providing an ideational theory for comprehending the primary causation behind any policy change in democratic systems. A generic ideational framework for analysing policy is constructed that enables constitutive analysis. Here, I assign the key conceptual categories based on a micro-level understanding of the policy structure. Upon these foundations, I set out my theory of alignment, which explains the chief dynamic at play in policymaking discourses. The basic premise of the theory holds that actors in the primary discourse will, in the fullness of time, promote changes to policy to enhance its alignment internally and with real world factors. At the crux of the issue is the identification of the policy misalignment by policy subsystem actors, which is the primary cause behind all the changes to policy that follow. To demonstrate the utility of this framework and theory, I apply it to a study of Australia s foreign investment policy since Settlement, emphasising the period of the Howard governments. Two main parts comprise the thesis. The first part delivers the theoretical argument. It presents the foundational ideational framework and theory of alignment, and clarifies the assumptions upon which they are based. This foundation supplies the tool-set with which to scrutinise policy changes with consistency and rigour. I examine several known policy patterns and explain how they arise. The efficiency of policy, which relates to how well-aligned it is to the real world , is defined; and with these tools the researcher may appraise the efficiency of any formal policy within a democratic system. The second part offers an analysis of the changes made to Australia s FDI policy, revealing the primary causation behind each formal policy change during the Howard ...

Analyzes the determinants of Japanese foreign direct investments in manufacturing industries in the EEC in order to explain why, instead of exporting goods, most Japanese firms prefer to produce in the EEC.

The ECJ Direct Tax Compass is a collection of summaries of the 265 most significant judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union, rendered up to 31 January 2017, which are relevant for EU direct taxation. With its useful search features and valuable content, the book serves as a reliable guide through the thicket of ECJ case law on direct taxation. The book contains a keyword index which facilitates topical searches. The summaries of the direct tax cases are classified according to topics representing the most important clusters of issues addressed by the ECJ from 1986 onwards. These are complemented by important texts of EU legislation. Also, several classification tables enable searches according to the legal basis of the decisions and the justification grounds invoked by the Member States

Special economic zones (SEZs) are considered as one of important regional industrial policies to attract foreign investment in developing countries such as Viet Nam. The review of SEZs development in Viet Nam including the comprehensive review of infrastructure and business environment in SEZs are presented in this paper for the first time. Moreover, the paper gives novel non-parametric evidence to indicate the positive causal linkage between the zoning policies and the attraction of foreign investment at district-level in the country during the period 2011–2015.

This paper focuses on the competitiveness of French farms. It results from a subtle balance between labour productivity, economic efficiency and investment strategies. This concept may evolve in coming decades according to the strategy of consumers (through their willingness to pay for distinguished products), citizens (through their environmental requirements) and taxpayers (through intensity of the CAP funding). ; Cette communication porte sur la compétitivité des exploitations agricoles françaises. Cette dernière résulte d'un équilibre subtil entre productivité du travail, efficacité économique et stratégies d'investissement. Cette notion est susceptible d'évoluer dans les décennies à venir en fonction de la stratégie des consommateurs (au travers de leur consentement à payer pour des produits démarqués), des citoyens (au travers de leurs exigences environnementales) et des contribuables (au travers de l'intensité du financement de la PAC).

EU enlargement to the less developed countries in Central and Eastern Europe is forcing policy makers to reconsider the role of business subsidies in the EU. For example, to what extent the use of investment subsidies should be allowed in the future? Which regions should be supported? In this paper we study conditions under which investment subsidy is a necessary requirement for project implementation in Finland. Empirical analysis is conducted using micro level data on investment projects of private sector firms. The data set comprises 1,836 projects that received public investment subsidies between 2001 and 2003. Our results show that the necessity of the investment subsidies is strongly dependent on the location of the firm as well as on the size of the firm and the investment project.

Das Direct Settlement-Verfahren im europäischen Kartellverfahrensrecht ist von höchster Aktualität. Gerade die jüngsten Entscheidungen der Europäischen Kommission belegen eine deutlich verstärkte Inanspruchnahme des Vergleichsverfahrens und zeigen damit die Richtung auf, in die sich das europäische Kartellverfahrensrecht zukünftig entwickeln wird.Der Verfasser legt in seiner Arbeit zunächst Struktur und Ablauf des Verfahrens dar, bevor er die Parallelen und Unterschiede zum "ordentlichen" Kartellverfahren einschließlich der Wechselwirkungen zur Kronzeugenregelung herausarbeitet. Dabei erläutert er nicht nur die Vor- und Nachteile des Verfahrens, sondern begutachtet insbesondere auch die Auswirkungen auf die betroffenen Unternehmen. Nach einer ausführlichen Analyse der bisherigen Vergleichsentscheidungen wird der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit auf die mit dem Verfahren einhergehenden Probleme gelegt, zu denen der Verfasser vielversprechende Lösungs- und Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten aufzeigt