1. Introduction; 2. Concepts employed; 3. Taking the political out of the political: 1960s -- 1980s; 4. Taking the political out of the political: 1960s -- 1980s; 5. Dedication to the fight against terrorism since the 1990s; 6. Conclusion: protecting political offenders -- pipe dream of romantic liberalism; 7. Summary; 8. Sources and Bibliography
The article presents an analysis of sources of legal regulation at various levels on anti-corruption issues in certain countries of the Hanseatic League of Modern times. The purpose of the analysis is to compare approaches to the legal regulation of this sphere of public relations and to study the experience of implementing in practice long-term relationships between territorial communities of local self-government in some countries of the Hanseatic League of Modern times. The issues of positive centuries-old interaction of the Association of Hanseatic cities in the context of the development of interstate anti-corruption institutions are updated. The article examines the features of legal regulation of the anti-corruption framework in Germany, the Netherlands and the Russian Federation. Conclusions are drawn about the general features in the approaches to legal regulation of anti-corruption in the above-mentioned states. The authors draw attention to the consistent policy of states to reduce the level of corruption in these states.
Over recent times there has been a rise in the number of objects placed into Earth orbit. With various countries licensing a number of large constellations, the orbital population is set to increase dramatically. A significant number of technical advances have facilitated this and, in the UK and elsewhere, this has been matched by the updating of legislation and an increased policy focus on the need for increased space surveillance and tracking. The rise of large constellations coupled with an increasing number of experimental techniques such as active debris removal or on-orbit servicing procedures means that establishing fault will be crucial if litigation is to be successful. In doing this, any legal proceedings will look at both norms of behaviour, deviation from which will point towards fault and the types and standard of evidence that will be required. This paper will outline these problems in detail. It will be proposed that what is required to map out the contours of liability are both codification of the norms for satellite operations and clarity on protocols for evidence gathering in cases where fault may be contested in orbital operations. This discussion will identify that a way in which this could be achieved is by the use of "space law games". These are simulations, similar to military war games, in which fictional scenarios could highlight some of the key legal issues that might need to be dealt with. The paper will outline some of the ways in which the law games might work and pose questions as to what data and other considerations will be needed to make such simulations meaningful.
The article discusses the norms of criminal legislation of the Russian Empire and the RSFSR on crimes infringing on copyright. The author derives the interrelationships of the earlier norms on infringement of copyright and the current article 146 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. It is proposed to reject in part 1 of Article 146 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation the term «attribution of authorship». ; В статье рассматриваются нормы уголовного законодательства Российской империи и РСФСР о преступлениях, посягающих на авторское право. Автор выводит взаимосвязи ранее действовавших норм о посягательствах на авторское право и нынешней статьи 146 Уголовного кодекса РФ. Предлагается отказаться в части 1 статьи 146 Уголовного кодекса РФ от термина «присвоение авторства».
The article deals with the system of legal proceedings that existed in Ancient Russia. The main attention is paid to the Russian Truth of Yaroslav the Wise as the main source of old Russian law. Russian Truth, which arose in the early feudal state of Kievan Rus with undeveloped socio-economic, political, ideological, socio-cultural and other relations did not yet know the concept of criminal and civil law and process. At the same time, the formation of the institution of private property and social inequality in the tribal societies of the Slavs, United by the single power of the Kievan Prince, contributed to the appearance and growth of various kinds of offenses among the population. This forced the government to take certain steps to prevent them and restore the violated rights and interests of citizens, which required the legislator to fairly clearly regulate the investigation of violations and consideration of cases in the courts.
This Research focus in Judicial Corruption between community. This research as kualitative descriptive, Based on the description discussed in introduction and discussion section, there are some conclusion that can be drawn as follows: According to the examples given, it is true that judicial corruption that involves government officers occurs in the judiciary institutions. Based on the result of observation, it is found that judicial corruption does not only performed by government officers, but it also involves other parties, in this case; advocates and defendants. Essentially, judicial corruption behavior is also influenced by people's misconception of legal culture. As the justiciabelen or the seeker of justice, what is perceived by people is to win the civil case, or not to be imprisoned for criminal case. Therefore, this kind of legal culture always uses economic approach. It is true that one of factors that influence the judicial corruption is the violation of government administration law. In this case, such violation is performed by the government officers that are assisted by the advocates altogether.
