Suchergebnisse

Раскрыты особенности эффективного управления транспортной системой промышленного предприятия (ТС ПП) отрасли вагоностроения в условиях динамичноизменяющейся внешней и внутренней среды. Сформулирована задача управления ТС ПП с точки зрения повышения эффективности системы за счет снижения логистических издержек. Для решения поставленной задачи управления ТС ПП разработаны процедуры принятия решений по управлению параметрами грузопотоков в ТС ПП, основанные на применении методов многокритериального принятия решений и теории нечетких множеств. ; The peculiarities of industrial enterprises system (IES) management in the conditions of dynamic factors of external environment, such as politics, economics, market demand, and internal factors, such as production accidents, transport delays has been viewed by the example of rail-cars building industry. The shortcomings of existing join management system of production and transportation processes in IES and possibilities of its improvement based on logistics methods has been identified. The task of IES management from point of view of system efficiency increasing by logistics costs reduction has been stated. Logistic costs are represented with work-in-process, waiting time of loading and uploading, percentage of served demand. For solving the stated task of IES management two decision-making procedures on material flow parameters management in real-time mode based on continuous information flow regarding system elements conditions has been developed. The first one is decisionmaking procedure on material flow size changing. The second one is decisionmaking procedure on demand arrival rate and processing rate changing. The procedures are based on multiple-criterion decision-making methods. Linguistic uncertainty of decisionmaking environment has been taken into account by fuzzy logic theory application for developing of criterions system, which characterizes logistics costs in IES.

В данной статье рассматривается феномен терроризма в политической риторике как угроза безопасности в обществе. Даются оценки экстремизму и терроризму, освещаются факторы деструктивной конфликтности и эскалации вооруженной борьбы за власть, которые приводят к дестабилизации межэтнических отношений, сопровождающихся активизацией различных оппозиционных группировок, рассматривающих возможность достижения желаемого результата любыми способами, включая оправдание терроризма. Доказывается значение языка в политике, важность анализа террористических проявлений в открытом информационном пространстве и противодействия им. Раскрывается региональная специфика экстремистской идеологии. Обосновывается, что в основе политических технологий борьбы с терроризмом лежит единая, целостная, комплексная, стратегически ориентированная государственная концепция, учитывающая международно-правовые акты и реалии государственного и общественного устройства, что и обеспечивает эффективность реализации функций властных институтов. ; The article highlights the phenomenon of terrorism in political rhetoric as a threat to security in society. It gives an assessment to extremism and terrorism, highlights the factors of destructive conflict and escalation of the armed struggle for power, which lead to destabilization of interethnic relations, accompanied by activation of various opposition groups, who seek the possibilities of achieving the desired results by any means, including justification of terrorism. The article proves the significance of language in politics, the importance of analyzing terrorist acts in open information space and opposing them, reveals the regional specificity of extremist ideology. It is proved that the political technologies of fighting against terrorism are based on a consistent, integrated, comprehensive, strategically-oriented state concept, taking into consideration the international legal acts and realities of state and social system, what ensures the effectiveness of implementation of the functions of the government institutions.

В статье анализируется появление феномена (исламское государство» как разрушительного элемента на Ближнем Востоке и как фактора, угрожающего безопасности Российской Федерации. В работе отмечается, что гражданская война на Ближнем Востоке перестала носить региональный характер, став площадкой борьбы, различных властных интересов целой группы стран и народов, в том числе праворадикальных военно-политических объединений «воинов Аллаха». Указывая на Россию как на одного из главных врагов «Исламского государства», Абу Бакр Аль Багдади дал понять, что халифат намерен угрожать безопасности | России. Автор статьи приходит к выводу, что если в ближайшем будущем политическое руководство Российской Федерации не предпримет эффективных шагов для борьбы с этой угрозой, влияние Исламского государства на Россию и мировую политику, скорее всего, будет резко возрастать ; The article analyzes the emergence of the phenomenon of 'Islamic state" as a destructive element in the Middle East, and as a factor threatening the safety of the Russian Federation. It is noted that the civil war in the Middle East ceased to be regional in nature, becoming the platform for the struggle of various power interests of the whole group of countries and peoples including the right-wing military-political union "soldiers of Allah". Pointing to Russia as one of the main enemies of the 'Islamic State", Abu Bakr Al Baghdadi made it clear that the Caliphate is going to threaten Russia's safety. In conclusion it is indicated that if in the near future the political leadership of the Russian Federation does not find effective steps to deal with this threat, the influence of the Islamic state on the Russian and world politics will probably increase strongly.

Теоретичні розвідки українського напряму за гальноєвропейського « модернізаційного порядку денного» вищої школи потребують інтелекту альних дороговказів. Певним академічним під ґрунтям можуть слугувати концепції «суспіль ства знання» як чинник суспільного розвитку і сталого та інклюзивного економічного зростання. Робиться спроба показати ґенезу терміну «суспільство знань», наголошуючи на важливості знання як фундаментального чинника не тільки для освіти, а й політики, економіки, навчання дорослих та культури сучасного суспільства. Подається коротка характеристика дотичних документів у царині освіт ньої державної політики , а саме: «Освітньої та тренінгової стратегії 2020» Європейської Комісії; «Модернізаційний порядок денний європейської системи вищої освіти» Європейського Союзу, а також «Інчхонська декларація» 2015 Світового освітнього форуму, які можуть також бути важливими дорогов казами для розбудови української освітньої політики, стратегії та навчальної практики у майбутньому ; Theoretical studies of Ukrainian direction in European «modernization agenda» of high school need intelligent guides. The concept of «knowledge society» as a factor of social development and sustainable and inclusive economic growth should be understood as the certain methodological foundation for such studies. The author analyzes the origins of the terms as "knowledge society" and "nowledge societies", emphasizing the importance of knowledge as a fundamental factor not only for education but also for politics, economics, adult education and culture of contemporary society. It is given the brief description of relevant documents in the field of educational public policy, namely: "Education and Training Strategy 2020" (European Commission); "Modernization Agenda for European Higher Education System" (European Union), as well as Incheon Declaration provided by 2015 World Education Forum. All these documents may be also mportant signs for the development of Ukrainian education public policy, strategies and practical training in the future.

Современная миграция населения является глобальным процессом, и ее регулирование возможно лишь совместными усилиями всех затрагиваемых ею сторон. В 1990-х гг. зародились внешнеполитические инструменты регулирования миграции, предполагающие сотрудничество между странами исхода, транзита и назначения мигрантов. Данная работа посвящена изучению региональных консультативных процессов, поскольку они являются новым явлением в регулировании миграционных потоков глобального уровня. В ходе исследования документов Европейского Союза и Международной организации по миграции, а также аналитических работ зарубежных авторов был сделан вывод о том, что эти механизмы являются достаточно эффективным и удобным для большинства участников форматом сотрудничества. Данная статья представляет обзор опыта Европейского Союза в данной области мировой политики, который считается достаточно успешным. Для того, чтобы не упустить возможности участвовать в формировании глобального режима управления миграцией, России необходимо изучить работу таких механизмов и активно включаться в их работу. ; Contemporary migration is a global phenomenon and only all the affected states together can direct it. The 1990s witnessed the beginning of using foreign policy instruments in migration governance which means the cooperation among the countries of origin, transit and destination of migrants. This paper covers regional consultative processes which have become a new tendency in global governance of migration. Having analyzed the European Union and the International Organization for Migration documents as well as foreign researchers' articles, the author concludes that regional consultative processes are rather effective and convenient for most participants. This paper is an overview of the successful EU experience in this sphere of world politics. Russia should explore it and become more active in this issue in order to take part in the global governance of migration.

Цель данной статьи обоснование статуса студента как потребителя, производителя и пользователя результатов образования, как компетентного субъекта оценки их качества. Предметом обсуждения является также концептуальная модель основных рабочих понятий в контексте указанной проблемы. Для их интерпретации привлекается научный аппарат социологической теории обмена. Позиция студентов характеризуется как компетентная для учета их мнения при разработке образовательной политики университета. Показана постиндустриальная динамика смены основных целевых групп потребителей образования, которая требует изменений в целеполагании деятельности университета, коррекции содержания и форм его взаимодействия со студентами. ; The purpose of this article is justification of students' status as consumers of educational products and users of education results. They are also characterized as competent agents to assess the quality of higher education. The subject of discussion is also a conceptual model of the main working concepts in the context of the problem. Sociological exchange theory is a methodological basis for the interpretation of the studied phenomena.The article deals with such concepts as education quality, students' assessment of education quality, educational product and its main consumers. The students' opinion is presented as a competent position to account for their views for designing educational politics of the University. The dynamics of the post!industrial shift of the main target groups of education consumers is shown in the article. This fact requires to change formulations of objectives of the University and to correct contents and modes of interaction between University and students. The arguments for individualization processes and learning outcomes for students are offered here. Thereby its importance to the strategic management of University is highlighted.

Este trabajo presenta algunos resultados de la investigación "Construcción de masculinidades en varones no heterosexuales que realizan activismo sexopolítico" desarrollada en Santiago de Chile durante el año 2013. En vista del lugar central de los vínculos en las lógicas del activismo, es que se analizan los tipos de relaciones que se tienen con otros varones, con mujeres y con sí mismos, a la par de cómo el activismo impacta en estas ligazones, puesto que se constituye como un hito de inflexión que tiende a alejar a las masculinidades de los lugares de violencia que son socialmente acordados para ellos. Asimismo, los resultados dan cuenta del lugar fundamental que ocupan los afectos en este proceso, pues si bien también son elementos negados en la socialización inicial de estos jóvenes activistas, actúan como los motores que les permite enlazarse a otros/as y poder construir resistencia y alianza. This paper presents some results of the investigation "Construction of masculinity in non-heterosexual men doing activism in sexual politics" developed in Santiago de Chile in 2013. In view of the central place of the links in the logic of activism is that they analyze types of relationships they have with other men, with women and themselves, on par with how activism impact on these bindings, since it constitutes a landmark turning it tends to alienate masculinity places of violence they are socially agreed for them. The results also realize the fundamental place of affection in this process, because although they are also denied in the initial socialization of these young activists elements act as engines allowing them to link to other and to build strength and alliance.

Das EU-weite Verbot von konventioneller Käfighaltung hatte weitreichende Konsequenzen für das Tierwohl und die Wirtschaftsleistung in der Eiproduktion. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Haupteinflüsse auf den wirtschaftlichen Erfolg in Betrieben mit Volieren- oder Kleingruppensystemen zu identifizieren. Die Ergebnisse bestätigten den Einfluss von Produktivitätskriterien (z. B. Futterverwertung) auf den wirtschaftlichen Erfolg, wogegen die Betriebsgröße nur bei der Kleingruppenhaltung eine Rolle spielte. Abhängig vom Haltungssystem bedingen Managemententscheidungen (z. B. tägliche Inspektionszeit, selbstgemischtes Futter) einen relevanten Teil des ökonomischen Erfolgs. Ebenso kann die Erfahrung des Landwirts mit dem Haltungssystem einen Einfluss haben. Positive Effekte durch den Verkauf von sortierten Eiern gegenüber Bulk-Ware zeigten die Relevanz von verschiedenen Absatzmärkten für den ökonomischen Erfolg. Alternativ zum Vertrieb im Einzelhandel könnte die Kleingruppenhaltung davon profitieren, die Eier direkt zu vermarkten. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie lassen erkennen, dass Entscheidungen der Politik, des Einzelhandels und der Verbraucher den ökonomischen Erfolg der Eiproduktion beeinflussen. ; The European Union ban on conventional battery cages had far-reaching consequences for animal welfare and the economic success of egg production. The aim of this study was to identify the main influences on economic success of farms keeping laying hens in aviaries or small-group housing systems. The results confirmed the importance of productivity measures (i.e. conversion rate), whereas farm size was of consequence for small-group housing systems, only. Dependent on the housing system, management decisions (i.e. daily inspection time, feeding of self-mixed feed) accounted for a considerable part of economic effectiveness. Furthermore, the number of years of experience of the farmer with the housing system seemed to influence economic productivity. Positive effects of selling graded eggs (instead of bulk-ware) showed the relevance of market outlets on economic profitability. The study indicated that smallgroup housing systems might profit from selling their products directly to the consumer. The results show that decisions of politics and the retail sector as well as consumer choices have an influential effect on the economic success of egg production.

This work examines the fundamentals, evolution and attributes of the main currents of contemporary Russian geopolitical thought. Special emphasis will be placed on the position awarded to Eurasia in their respective imaginaries. The article makes the point that over the last century and a half, nationalism has been enshrined as a leitmotiv in Russian political discourse wherein a renewed Eurasianist version has gained unprecedented preeminence. With the renaissance of its ideas, it gets proven that the return of geography and Mackinder's Heartland thesis are back to the forefront of politics. ; En este artículo se escrutarán los fundamentos, evolución y atributos de las principales corrientes contemporáneas de pensamiento geopolítico ruso, haciéndose especial énfasis en la posición que ocupa Eurasia en sus respectivos imaginarios. Como se observará, el nacionalismo se ha consagrado como leitmotiv en el discurso político ruso durante el último siglo y medio, adquiriendo una preeminencia renovada con su versión eurasianista. Con el renacimiento de sus ideas se constata también la vuelta de la geografía y de la tesis del Heartland de Mackinder a la primera línea de la política. ; Neste artigo serão explorados os fundamentos, a evolução e os atributos das principais correntes contemporâneas do pensamento geopolítico russo, enfatizando a posição ocupada pela Eurásia em seus respectivos imaginários. Como poderá ser observado, o nacionalismo consagrou-se como leitmotiv no discurso político russo durante o último século e meio, adquirindo uma preeminência renovada com sua versão "eurasianista". Com o renascimento de suas ideias, constata-se também a volta da geografia e da tese do Heartland de Mackinder à primeira linha da política.

The issue of coalitions in decision-taking, at theoretical and methodological level, continues to be a pertinent subject of analysis in sociology, political science, urbanism and social politics, among other fields. Any area of the socio-economic spectrum results from decisions taken by the social agents involved. The economic crisis that Spain is suffering (2007-2012) demands structural socio-economic reforms. The seriousness of the crisis is leading to decisions being taken that are affecting and are going to affect the modes of regulation, legal, social, political and economic. In the decisions made intervene as well the formal social actors –Government, Managers and Trade unions– who in fact forming coalitions in the decisionmaking process, as a non formal economic actor, the business elite. ; La cuestión de las coaliciones en relación a la toma de decisiones, a nivel teórico y metodológico, sigue siendo un problema relevante de análisis en sociología, ciencia política, urbanismo y política social, entre otros campos. Cualquier ámbito del espectro socioeconómico es el resultado de decisiones que se toman por los agentes sociales implicados en el mismo.Concretamente en la crisis económica que España está sufriendo (2007-2012) se apela a la necesidad de hacer reformas estructurales socioeconómicas, lo que ha conducido a tomar decisiones que están afectando y van a afectar a los diferentes modos de regulación, principalmente, legales, sociales, políticos y económicos. En la toma de dichas decisiones están interviniendo tanto actores sociales formales –Gobierno, Empresarios y Sindicatos– quienes constituyen coaliciones en el proceso de las decisiones que se toman, como un actor económico no formal, la élite empresarial.

La práctica periodística en televisión no se ajusta a los estándares éticos de exigencia profesional. El estudio de las noticias, diferenciadas entre duras y blandas, indica que las cadenas públicas son más rigurosas que las privadas en cuanto a los acontecimientos que incluyen en sus informativos: priman los relacionados con la política y la economía. El análisis de su tratamiento, por su parte, atestigua que las primeras son más laxas en cuanto al respeto de los principios deontológicos. Los resultados advierten que el sensacionalismo y la mezcla entre información y opinión son los errores que se repiten en mayor medida. Se han examinado un total de 1.928 informaciones, correspondientes a las emisiones de los noticiarios nocturnos de las seis cadenas de mayor audiencia en Euskadi: La 1, Telecinco, Antena 3, laSexta, Cuatro y ETB2. ; The practice of journalism in television doesn't respect ethical standards of professional exigency. The selection of hard and soft news made by channels indicates that TVs of public ownership are more exigent that privately owned ones in their exercise, because news related to politics and economy have primacy in the newscasts. However, the analysis of the treatment shows the opposite: public channels are more relaxed in the fulfilment of ethical principles. Results reveal that sensationalism and not to distinguish information and opinion are the most common mistakes. A total of 1,928 news items integrating evening newscasts of the six most widely watched TV channels in the Basque Country have been examined: La 1, Telecinco, Antena 3, laSexta, Cuatro and ETB2.

This article argues that xenophobia is not a natural state of being for any society; instead, it is a product of socialisation which becomes excessive with violent abuses of the outgroup immigrants where such conduct is institutionalised through state apparatus. In this context, post-apartheid South Africanisms cannot be generalised as intrinsically xenophobic because the dreadful societal attitudes and violent abuses are evidently products of institutionalized governance for socialization of public perceptions of hostilities and animosities through the politics and struggles of politico-socio-economic resources. The coinage and officialdom of rainbowism was admission that construction of a new national identity around culture was a virtual impossibility; and, the result was usurpation of exclusionary citizenship that came to define insiders away from outsiders. This notion of citizenship promised access to state and pubic resources, which did not materialise, leading to frustration against government and targeting of out-group African immigrants. Hence, the apparent "felt" collective threat among in-group communities against out-group immigrants over the untenable alibi of job and women stealing as well as acceptance of below minimum wages are inherently functions of irrational jealousy. This article frames this argument through a rigorous examination of the theorisation of xenophobia as "new racism", models of governance of xenophobic societal attitudes for public hostilities, animosities and violent abuse. Furthermore, it examines constructions of new South Africanism, African Renaissance, exclusionary citizenship, exceptionalism, differentness and the society's frustration with politico-socio-economic resources exclusionism amidst constitutional inclusivity, tolerance, cultural pluralism, inviolate human rights and the political elitism's hyperbolic public stunts of a better life for all. ; https://doi.org/10.4102/td.v11i4.56

The conflict between Armenian and Azerbaijan around Nagorno-Karabakh was violent between 1988 and 1994. Nevertheless, Nagorno-Karabakh dispute is regarded as one of the frozen conflicts, which has been witnessed for many years. In order to stop and contain the conflict, other states and international organizations advocated peaceful settlement. However, the problem went through a number of phases and has not reached a final solution despite of many years of negotiation under the auspices of the OSCE Minsk Group. In this context, the objective of this paper is to understand the main impeding factors that prevent peaceful resolution and establishment of a long-lasting peace for Armenia. As a framework to analyze the case of Armenia-Azerbaijan dispute over Nagorno-Karabakh, this paper uses the "constructivist theory", which explains national histories and identities as fluid, evolving, and formed over time, and which claims that it is mainly social relationships between agents, structures, and institutions that can lead to ethnic conflicts. Contrary to the primordialist approach, which treats ethnic groups as concrete and independent entities that exist inherently, the explanation of intractability within a constructivist framework constitutes the main difference. In view of this, government policies are also constructed according to interstate perceptions, expectations and the concepts developed towards themselves and others. As a result, rather than only including one-dimensional "ancient hatred" paradigm; "the problem of security", "image of enemy", "other countries" involvement with having interests in the region", and most importantly "internal politics" can be regarded as the contributors to intractability for Armenia.

Is the notion of intersectionality doomed to being part of the problem it describes? Intersectionality theory was not developed to merely point at intersections but to capture subject positions made invisible by dominant systems of normative representation. It shined the spotlight on processes that reduce disadvantaged population groups to the particular experience of the least oppressed among category members, making other members appear as if they were at the intersection with another group. Rather than dividing between complex and simple oppressions, intersectionality theory thus invites us to reject the intersectional metaphor and problematize every subject position as complex. Yet, abstract categories and asymmetrical constructions of complexity carry real-life challenges for the individuals and groups concerned. But how can these challenges be described in the language of intersectionality without reinforcing the asymmetry? The article examines this conundrum both in the social scientific sphere of analytic description and in the normative sphere of political strategizing. We first briefly trace the history of intersectionality theory as a critique of hierarchies of representativeness both in social movements and in antidiscrimination jurisprudence. Second, we examine the social scientific challenge of describing concrete situations in the language of intersectionality without attributing intersection to the groups affected by it. Finally, we return to politics by examining the limits of turning intersectionality, originally a critique of political domination, into a positive political program, in particular if the latter would take the form of a universalistic imperative for all emancipation movements to give the same priority to all issues all the time. Adapted from the source document.

Throughout history, every musical culture grew and developed under a specific set of influences, whether political, philosophical, or geographical. Varying sets of influences created likewise varying types of music. Spanish music, in particular, enjoyed an especially unique array of influences during the fifteenth century. My presentation explores these influences. How did the interaction of Spain's three major religions—Christianity, Islam, and Judaism—affect musical development? How did the newly unified government, ruled by Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, influence the musical culture? How did Spain's discovery and conquest of the New World facilitate the spread of Spanish music beyond its borders? These three factors made Spain distinct from other Western nations during the fifteenth century. In my presentation, I first describe the interaction of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. This synergy created a rich, collaborative community of shared musical ideas, prompting the development of both sacred and secular genres. Next, I address the influence that Spain's unified government exerted on the musical culture. Historically, politics have played a substantial role in the development of music. Spain is distinctive in this respect because most other nations during this time were not unified under one ruler, whereas Spain was. This unique governmental structure in turn affected the musical culture. Lastly, I will explain how the spread of Spanish music and its interaction with native tribes in America impacted its development, both within and outside Spain's borders. Spain was particularly poised to both exert their influence and be influenced by the different people groups they encountered in the New World. These three factors would create a uniquely Spanish music culture.