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We discuss how cross-country unemployment insurance can be used to improve international risk sharing. We use a two-country business cycle model with incomplete financial markets and frictional labor markets where the unemployment insurance scheme operates across both countries. Cross-country insurance through the unemployment insurance system can be achieved without affecting unemployment outcomes. The Ramsey-optimal policy however prescribes a more countercyclical replacement rate when international risk sharing concerns enter the unemployment insurance trade-off. We calibrate our model to Eurozone data and find that optimal stabilizing transfers through the unemployment insurance system are sizable and mainly stabilize consumption in the periphery countries, while optimal replacement rates are countercylical overall. Moreover, we find that debt-financed national policies are a poor substitute for fiscal transfers.

A rapidly growing number of social workers are expressing a deep interest in and strong concern for global situations adversely affecting the well-being of millions of people. Such situations include global poverty, widespread conflict and post-conflict reconstruction, and the large population of displaced persons, and vulnerable and marginalized groups within them. Increasingly practitioners from several professions are actively involved in addressing these issues at local, national and international levels. This book aims to encourage and inform such involvement by drawing together the practice wisdom gradually emerging within the broad scope of international social work practice. Utilizing an integrated perspectives approach incorporating global, human rights, ecological and social development perspectives, the text is designed to prepare social workers, human services professionals, development practitioners and others who ...

Intro -- Danksagung -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Abbildungsverzeichnis -- Tabellenverzeichnis -- 1 Problemaufriss und Theoretischer Hintergrund -- 1.1 Bedeutung der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention für den Bereich Hochschulbildung -- 1.2 Chancengleichheit als Ziel für Studierende mit Behinderung -- 1.2.1 Begriffsklärung -- 1.2.2 Chancengleichheit in Bezug auf Hochschulbildung -- 1.2.3 Chancengleichheit in Bezug zur Kategorie Behinderung -- 1.3 Diskriminierungsfreiheit als Bedingung für Chancengleichheit -- 1.4 Accessibility und angemessene Vorkehrungen zur Verwirklichung von Chancengleichheit -- 1.4.1 Begriffsklärung laut UN-BRK -- 1.4.2 Verhältnis zwischen Accessibility und angemessenen Vorkehrungen -- 1.4.3 Bedeutung von Barrieren -- 1.5 Entwicklung der Einbindung von Studierenden mit Behinderung in Deutschland -- 1.5.1 Diskussion um Zugänge für blinde Menschen zur akademischen Bildung ab Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts -- 1.5.2 Entwicklungen nach 1945 bis 1970 - Einzelfallentscheidungen -- 1.5.3 Entwicklungen 1971-1990 - Unterschiede in der BRD und der DDR -- 1.5.4 Entwicklungen 1990-2000 - Erstes Jahrzehnt nach der Wiedervereinigung -- 1.5.5 Entwicklungen 2001-2015 - Zielvorstellung: Diskriminierungsfreie Hochschule -- 1.5.6 Zusammenfassung -- 1.6 Strukturen für Personen mit Behinderung in der Hochschulbildung -- 1.7 Konzepte zum Umgang mit Heterogenität -- 1.7.1 Universal Design -- 1.7.2 Diversity -- 1.8 Konzepte für Menschen mit Behinderung in der Hochschulbildung -- 1.8.1 Ansatz der San Francisco State University -- 1.8.2 Ansatz der Technischen Universität Dortmund -- 1.9 Entwicklung der Fragestellungen -- 2 Methodologische Überlegungen -- 2.1 Verankerung der Arbeit im Feld der Vergleichenden Erziehungswissenschaft -- 2.2 Konzeption des Vergleichs -- 2.3 Vorteile und Herausforderungen bei einer internationalen Studie.

Crime, Justice and Social Democracy is a provocative and thoughtful collection of timely reflections on the state of social democracy and its inextricable links to crime and justice. Authored by some of the world's leading thinkers from the UK, US, Canada and Australia, with a preface from Professor David Garland of New York University, this volume provides a powerful social democratic critique of neoliberal regimes of governance and crime control on an international scale. Social democratic values raise broad questions about government, ethics, and the exercise of power in criminal justice institutions; each chapter here engages with how this might occur and with what consequences. The contributions to this volume, while critical and hard hitting, also boldly envision a more socially just criminal justice politic. This collection is essential reading for activists, scholars, legislators, politicians and policy makers who are concerned with promoting, imagining and understanding socially sustaining societies.

The tourism sector in Rwanda is growing rapidly, largely driven by gorilla trekking and the Meetings, Conventions, Incentives and Exhibitions (MICE) segments. Despite this growth and government prioritization of tourism, there had been a gap in the regulation of the tourism sector, which was potentially affecting the attractiveness of the Rwandan market as a tourism destination and reducing the competitiveness of firms providing tourism services. To help address this gap, the World Bank Group (WBG), through the International Finance Corporation (IFC) Advisory Services, provided technical assistance in Rwanda over three years to support the creation of a new tourism regulatory agency, operationalize two new regulations, and license over 400 tourism entities under challenging time and resource constraints. In working with the Government of Rwanda and other stakeholders, IFC learned several lessons that may be useful to other practitioners who are considering: how to create and develop a regulatory regime from scratch to respond to a specific regulatory gap; how to place an emphasis on implementation beyond pure policy work; and how to be flexible and innovative to make the system as efficient as possible under time and resource constraints. This note sets out what was achieved, how it was achieved, and what was learned in the process. Together with material on global best practices, it is designed to provide a practical case study and share implementation insight for.

Alzheimer's Disease International released the World Alzheimer Report 2011 - The benefits of early diagnosis and intervention on the 13th September 2011. Key Findings:As many as three-quarters of the estimated 36 million people worldwide living with dementia have not been diagnosed and hence cannot benefit from treatment, information and care. In high-income countries, only 20-50% of dementia cases are recognized and documented in primary care. In low- and middle-income countries, this proportion could be as low as 10%.Failure to diagnose often results from the false belief that dementia is a normal part of aging, and that nothing can be done to help. On the contrary, the new report finds that interventions can make a difference, even in the early stages of the illness.Drugs and psychological interventions for people with early-stage dementia can improve cognition, independence, and quality of life. Support and counseling for caregivers can improve mood, reduce strain and delay institutionalization of people with dementia.Governments, concerned about the rising costs of long-term care linked to dementia, should "spend now to save later." Based on a review of economic analyses, the report estimates that earlier diagnosis could yield net savings of up to US$10,000 per patient in high-income countries.��World Alzheimer Report 2011 - Executive Summary (PDF, 36 pages, 1128KB)World Alzheimer Report 2011 (PDF, 72 pages, 1710KB)����

Abstract
The onset of multipolarity is accompanied by a number of cross-cutting trends. First, the consolidation of elements of modified bipolarity in the form of the Sino-American great power dyad. Second, the emergence of a range of 'legacy' great powers, including Germany, France, the UK and Japan, with Russia struggling to retain its status as a great power while fearing relegation to legacy status. Third, the revival of cold war entails the restoration of bloc politics, although in this case in an acutely asymmetrical form. The nascent political institutionalization of the political East is based on a very different institutional and normative basis than the more consolidated political West. Overall, the center of gravity of international politics is shifting from the Atlantic to the Pacific basin, reflecting a fundamental change in the global correlation of forces. The Ukraine war has accelerated the end of the era of the dominance of the political West.

Whether international crises end in conflict frequently depends on the information that leaders possess. To better explain how leaders acquire information, I develop and test an informational theory of bureaucracies during crises. Time-constrained leaders delegate information collection to advisers who lead bureaucracies. A division of labor between bureaucracies breeds comparative specialization among advisers. Some emphasize information on adversaries' political attributes, which are harder to assess; others stress military attributes, which are easier to assess. Bureaucratic role thus affects the content and uncertainty that advisers provide. I use automated and qualitative coding to measure adviser input in 5,400 texts from US Cold War crises. As hypothesized, advisers' positions affect the information and uncertainty they convey but not the policies they promote as canonical theories suggest. For individuals advising leaders during crises, what you know depends on where you sit. Consequently, the information leaders possess hinges on which bureaucracies have their attention.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) is the organization that, despite its constrained membership, is as close as the world currently comes to a global focal point on the key energy governance arenas. Although when the IEA was established in the 1970s it had the specific and limited purpose of enabling the world's leading oil consumers to undertake collective action in response to oil supply shocks, it now finds itself at the center of many of the key developments in global energy governance. Its evolution and current challenges reflect the key themes of this special issue: the competition between state and market, the emergence of multipolarity, the particular growing importance of Asia and the rise of climate change on the agenda of key tasks needing governance. The article focuses on where the agency now fits in the larger global energy governance panoply. © 2011 London School of Economics and Political Science and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The U.S. strategy for combating international Islamist terrorists must be based on an understanding of the terrorists' behavior and the process of radicalization to violence. This process includes four dimensions: a sense of moral outrage, interpreted in a specific way, which resonates with one's personal experiences, and is channeled through group dynamics, both face-to-face and online. The threat has evolved over the past decade. The process of radicalization continues in a hostile physical environment, but it is enabled by the Internet, resulting in a disconnected, decentralized social structure. The threat of this "leaderless jihad" is self-limiting because of its confining structure and the lack of appeal of its utopian ideal. It will probably fade away for internal reasons, if not sustained by overly aggressive tactics construed as a "war on Islam." The appropriate strategy against this threat is to contain and neutralize the radicalization process along its four dimensions.

In a recent article in this Journal, J. F. Rweyemamu argues that existing trade relations between the developed and less developed countries are a major cause of the latter's poverty. In fact, he asserts that 'the U.N. General Assembly emphasis on trade under the existing international division of labour is not only misplaced but may be regarded as a calculated strategy by the capitalist countries to mislead the developing countries'. Since trade is supposed to impoverish the developing world, Rweyemamu recommends measures leading to less reliance on the external sector and, more specifically, a programme of heavy industrialisation, in which 'it can hardly be over-emphasised that import substitution and export promotion are not relevant as basic selection techniques'. I feel not only that Rweyemamu's policy proposals are detrimental to the interests of the developing world, but that the statistical findings and theoretical discussion from which they are derived contain both errors and omissions.

MENTAL AND HOLISTIC HEALTH SOME INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES -- MENTAL AND HOLISTIC HEALTH SOME INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO MENTAL AND HOLISTIC HEALTH -- REFERENCES -- SECTION ONE: MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES -- Chapter 2 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS: ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFINITION -- EPIDEMIOLOGY -- CLINICAL FEATURES -- ADHD in school-age children -- ADHD in adolescents -- ADHD in college-age young adults (12-14) -- DIAGNOSIS -- TREATMENT

This Handbook is elaborated within the project "Improving the knowledge on new EU regulations of the members of the national Judicial networks in civil and commercial matters in the MS of the EU", Civil Justice Programme 2010. The Handbook is divided into two parts: Part I The Law Applicable to Contractual and Non-Contractual Obligations and Obtaining the Information on Foreign Law 1. Introduction 2. Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Regulation Rome I) 3. Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 on the law applicable to noncontractual obligations (Regulation Rome II) 4. Obtaining the content of foreign law Part II Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters 5. The Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (Regulation Brussel I) and aspects related to the Brussel Convention on 27 September 1968 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters and the Court of Justice of the EU 6. The Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters 7. The Regulation (EC) No. 805/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 creating a European Enforcement Order for uncontested claims, including cases 8. The Regulation (EC) No 1896/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 creating a European order for payment procedure and the jurisprudence of the EU Court of Justice, including cases 9. Regulation (EC) No 1393/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 November 2007 on the service in the Member States of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial matters (service of ...

This document deals with the question of how International Organizations (IOs) influence states. Analyzing original quantitative data from Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe, we explore the role of IOs in the configuration of states' interests and normative agendas, looking at a mechanism dominated by "social influence" dynamics—the reporting procedure of the Human Rights Committee (HRC) of the United Nations. Specifically, we investigate whether states adjust the substantive content of their periodic reports to mimic the human rights agenda explicitly set by the HRC through its concluding observations reports. We find that states take the HRC seriously and play the role of "good members" of the human rights regime, following the human rights agenda previously set by the HRC. We therefore provide systematic evidence that shows that, through a mechanism dominated by social influence dynamics of interaction, even poorly "legalized" IOs can have an influence over the definition of states' interests and the normative agenda they endorse. We also find that this influence is stronger in the case of more democratic countries. ; Este documento trata sobre cómo es que las Organizaciones Internacionales (OIs) ejercen influencia sobre los estados. Con base en el análisis de datos originales sobre países de América Latina y Europa Central y del Este, exploramos el papel de las OIs en la configuración de los intereses y las agendas normativas de los estados, observando un mecanismo concreto dominado por dinámicas de "influencia social": el procedimiento de informes periódicos de los estados ante el Comité de Derechos Humanos (CDH) de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Específicamente, investigamos si los estados ajustan el contenido de sus informes periódicos para seguir la agenda de derechos humanos explícitamente establecida por el CDH mediante sus informes de observaciones finales. Encontramos que los estados se toman en serio al CDH e interpretan el papel de "buenos miembros" del régimen internacional de derechos humanos, siguiendo la agenda previamente establecida por el CDH. De esta manera, ofrecemos evidencia sistemática que demuestra que, mediante un mecanismo dominado por dinámicas de influencia social, incluso OIs poco "legalizadas" pueden tener influencia sobre la definición de los intereses y la agenda normativa de los estados. Encontramos también que esta influencia es más fuerte en el caso de países más democráticos.