Suchergebnisse

With rising demand for international education in Europe, today more higher education systems have become active in attracting international students. Hence, players in the global higher education market are highlighting their advantages in the higher education marketplace to become more competitive. As Lithuania has an ambitious desire to double the number of international students by 2025, this exploratory study analyses the important factors that will help to better target international students and put emphasis on the challenges to be refined in national education policies.

With rising demand for international education in Europe, today more higher education systems have become active in attracting international students. Hence, players in the global higher education market are highlighting their advantages in the higher education marketplace to become more competitive. As Lithuania has an ambitious desire to double the number of international students by 2025, this exploratory study analyses the important factors that will help to better target international students and put emphasis on the challenges to be refined in national education policies.

The aim of the research is an analysis of the influence of the economic indicators on the socio-economic development of EU countries. The synthetic measure of socio-economic development is calculated by means of the following determinants: 'Economy and Finance', 'Science and Technology', 'Health', 'Education' and 'Living Conditions'. This index of the socio-economic development of residents of the European Union countries has been created as an arithmetic mean of indicators, counted for particular determinants. The index, which has been created, is treated as a modified Human Development Index due to the fact that it is completed with the added information. The data has been collected from the Eurostat for the years 2006–2016. In the second part of the research there have been developed the models for the synthetic measure of socio-economic development in terms of particular economic indicator, used in the analysis, as well as the analysis of the relationship between the synthetic measure of socio-economic development in EU countries, and the selected economic measures: unemployment rate, GDP per capita, indicator of real expenditure per capita, and the percentage of people at risk of poverty. The results are obtained, using the Statistica 12 program.

The aim of the research is an analysis of the influence of the economic indicators on the socio-economic development of EU countries. The synthetic measure of socio-economic development is calculated by means of the following determinants: 'Economy and Finance', 'Science and Technology', 'Health', 'Education' and 'Living Conditions'. This index of the socio-economic development of residents of the European Union countries has been created as an arithmetic mean of indicators, counted for particular determinants. The index, which has been created, is treated as a modified Human Development Index due to the fact that it is completed with the added information. The data has been collected from the Eurostat for the years 2006–2016. In the second part of the research there have been developed the models for the synthetic measure of socio-economic development in terms of particular economic indicator, used in the analysis, as well as the analysis of the relationship between the synthetic measure of socio-economic development in EU countries, and the selected economic measures: unemployment rate, GDP per capita, indicator of real expenditure per capita, and the percentage of people at risk of poverty. The results are obtained, using the Statistica 12 program.

1. Dynamics of institutional conflict in the European Union -- 2. Institutional conflict and change in international political orders -- 3. Explaining institutional change : the role of interpretive process tracing -- 4. Institutional conflict in EU criminal law -- 5. Institutional conflict in the EU's external action -- 6. Explaining institutional conflict : the rupture mechanism -- 7. The environmental crimes case -- 8. The small arms case -- 9. Conflict dynamics : the discursive lock-in mechanism -- 10. Concluding remarks.

Roland Erne's view of transnational trade union networks challenges the assertion that no realistic prospect exists for remedying the European Union's democratic deficit--that is, its domination by corporate interests and lack of a cohesive European...

"This book offers an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms of insurance market integration and measures the degree of this integration. It examines the operation of the EU single financial market and against this backdrop, the regulation relating to the insurance market; the specificity and determinants of international insurance market development and the issues with assimilation, set against other financial market segments, such as the money market, credit-deposit market and bond and equity market. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of insurance market integration on an international scale. The authors propose a unique approach to the subject, in the context of the EU, and particularly in relation to the Euro area. They also apply the new measures of insurance market integration in the EU in practice, through the use of statistical data and implementation of econometric modeling. Further, they investigate how the financial and fiscal crisis has affected the insurance market in EU countries and the impact of European Central Bank monetary policy on the degree of integration in the euro area, during and after the financial crisis. The book will find an audience among academics and researchers in the fields of international economics and finance, applied, financial and growth economics"--

EUROPEAN UNION ECONOMICS (5A. ED.) -- PÁGINA LEGAL -- CONTENTS -- FIGURES -- 1.1 EFFECTS OF A CU BETWEEN TWO SMALL COUNTRIES -- 1.2 PRO-COMPETITIVE EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC (...) -- 1.3 ECONOMIES OF SCALE IN A CU -- 1.4 EFFECTS OF LABOUR MOBILITY IN A CM -- 1.5 INTEGRATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH -- A1.1 FREE TRADE, TARIFFS AND SUBSIDIES -- 2.1 GDP PER HEAD OF THE EU MEMBER STATES, (...) -- 2.2 WORLD GDP SHARES 1998 -- 2.3 WORLD MERCHANDISE TRADE -- 2.4 WORLD SERVICES TRADE -- 3.1 GROWTH EFFECTS OF COMPLETION OF THE (...) -- 4.1 NET RECIPIENTS FROM THE EU'S BUDGET -- 4.2 EU'S GENERAL BUDGET -- 4.3 ALLOCATION EXPENDITURE OF THE GENERAL -- 5.1 TOTAL CURRENT TAX RECEIPTS OF GENERAL -- 5.2 STANDARD VAT RATES IN EU -- 5.3 CIGARETTE TAXATION IN THE EU MEMBER -- 6.1 BENEFITS AND COSTS OF MONETARY INTEGRATION -- 6.2 INFLATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN -- 7.1 EFFECTS OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL -- 7.2 ALLOCATION OF CAP SPENDING IN 1999 -- 7.3 CAP EXPENDITURE PER FARM WORKER -- 7.4 AGRICULTURAL TRANSFERS PER FARMER -- 8.1 INTRA-EU AND EXTRA-EU IMPORTS OF GOODS -- 8.2 MAIN EXTERNAL TRADE PARTNERS OF THE -- 9.1 RELATIVE GNP PER HEAD OF THE CANDIDATES -- 9.2 POPULATION OF THE CANDIDATES FOR -- 9.3 UNEMPLOYMENT RATES IN THE CANDIDATES -- 10.1 POPULATION IN OBJECTIVE 1 REGIONS (...) -- 10.2 ALLOCATION OF STRUCTURAL FUND EXPENDITURE -- 11.1 TOTAL EXPENDITURE ON SOCIAL PROTECTION -- 11.2 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE EU COUNTRIES -- 11.3 UNEMPLOYMENT RATES IN THE EU, USA (...) -- 11.4 MARKET PARTICIPATION RATES OF MEN (...) -- 11.5 POPULATION WITH INCOME BELOW THE POVERTY -- 11.6 LABOUR FROM OTHER EU STATES IN THE (...) -- 12.1 GOODS AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT SHARES -- 13.1 EU MANUFACTURING: MEMBER STATES' SHARES -- 13.2A SHARE OF EU INDUSTRIES IN VALUE ADDED -- 13.2B SHARE OF EU INDUSTRIES IN EMPLOYMENT -- 13.3 EMPLOYMENT IN EU'S STEEL AND IRON (...) -- 13.4 THE SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY

Defence date: 6 November 2015 ; Examining Board: Professor Loïc Azoulai, EUI (Supervisor); Professor Marise Cremona, EUI; Professor Valsamis Mitsilegas, Queen Mary University, London; Professor Niamh Níc Shuibhne, University of Edinburgh ; The aim of this thesis is to analyse the extent to which criminal law can contribute towards our understanding of Union citizenship and of the political community of the Union. In carrying out this task it adopts a particular perspective on both criminal law and Union citizenship. Firstly, it adopts the criminal law theory developed by RA Duff, premised on the notions of citizenship and community; crimes are viewed as public wrongs, committed against the community. Individuals are held responsible as citizens and are called to account before the community. Secondly, it adopts a particular account of Union citizenship based on a distinction between transnational dimensions and supranational dimensions. The transnational dimension is then broken into two sub-dimensions based on the concepts of social integration and autonomy or a space of free movement. The role of criminal law in these dimensions of Union Citizenship is analysed in the main body of the thesis. Two chapters consider the role of criminal law in social integration in the context of the acquisition of residence rights and the serving of sentences. Two chapters consider the parallels between the autonomy of Union citizens that results in a single space of movement, and the area of justice as it is constructed through the European Arrest Warrant and the operation of a transnational ne bis in idem principle. A final substantive chapter details the competence of the Union to adopt legislation criminalising certain conduct and the extent to which this can be said to contribute to the formation of a community at a supranational level. A conclusion brings together the findings of the thesis in relation to Union citizenship and considers the implications for the structure of the political community in the Union. It is suggested the national remains the main site for communities in the Union. However, transnational processes associated with Union citizenship trigger the emergence of certain supranational norms and ultimately a composite, complementary supranational community.

Purpose – The aim of the article is to analyze the level of Poland's energy security in comparison with the other European Union countries. Research method – The study was based on an index analysis with the use of selected economic indicators of the level of energy security. Results – The highest level of energy security, taking into account selected indicators, occurs in countries such as Sweden, Finland, and Estonia, and the lowest in Malta, Belgium, and Luxembourg. As regards Poland, it is characterized by a high degree of import independence, which may indicate a high level of energy security. Poland has also a higher share of RES in final energy consumption than the EU average. However, when analyzing the energy intensity of the economy, it should be noted that Poland has one of the highest levels in this respect. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The literature on the subject is dominated by descriptions and characteristics of various methods of assessing the state of energy security of the country (including quantitative methods). At the same time, there is a noticeable lack of analysis of the level of energy security in Poland with the use of economic indicators. The research undertaken in the article thus deepens the analyses carried out so far and will be the basis for further considerations on the economic aspect of Poland's energy security.

The aim of the paper is to apply the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model in order to explore the link between economic complexity index (ECI) and carbon emissions, in 25 selected European Union (EU) countries from 1995&ndash ; 2017. The study examines a cointegrating polynomial regression (CPR) for a panel data framework as well as for simple time series of individual countries. In the model is also included the variable &lsquo ; energy intensity&rsquo ; as main determinant of carbon emissions. Depending on economic complexity, the CO2 emissions pattern was found to exhibit an inverted U-shaped curve: in the initial phase, pollution increases when countries augment the complexity of the products they export using and after a turning point the rise of economic complexity suppress the pollutant emissions. The panel cointegration test indicates a long-run relationship between economic complexity, energy intensity and carbon emissions. It was also found that a rise of 10% of energy intensity would lead to a 3.9% increase in CO2 emissions. The quadratic model incorporating ECI is validated for the whole panel as well as for six countries (Belgium, France, Italy, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom). The graphical representation of the EKC in these countries is discussed. Policy implications are also included.