Suchergebnisse

The review examines a new book 'Media pandemic. Crisis communication / communication crisis' ('Pandémie médiatique. Com de crise / crise de com') by the executive vice-president of the Havas Group Stephan Fouks, which was published in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Building on his rich and unique practical experience as a head of a large media organization, a consultant at international organizations and a presidential campaign manager, the author assesses the role of media communications in the context of the coronavirus outbreak. The book under review is addressed primarily to experts in International Relations. It covers a wide range of issues including the causes of the crisis, which led to a paradigm shift in international communications, and specifi cs of the communication policies in France and some other European states. The author concludes that these policies refl ect a general crisis of the ruling elites (political establishment). Here the author continues to further elaborate on the ideas of his previous book — 'The New Elites: portrait of a generation that will ignore' ('Les Nouvelles Elites: portrait d'une génération 1ui s'ignore').The author provides a critical analysis of the key elements of communication strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic, from the ruling elites to the expert community, and delineates methods and the role of international communication in the future. The reviewers emphasize that the monograph by Stefan Fouks goes beyond the traditional formats of communication studies, which tended to focus either on the various crises, or on the organization of media structures in diff erent states, public-private partnership, and corporate communications, and thus were too narrow in scope. In 'Media-pandemic' the author stresses multidimensional nature of international communications and argues that their paradigmatic shift was brought by both the development of digital technologies and anthropogenic factors in the form of the global COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction. During the whole 4th c. the Late Roman frontier military units constantly took part in military campaigns against different enemies of the Empire, hovewer the author of this paper asks the question how precisely frontier military units managed their service, i.e. which functions they exercised and how they interacted to local civilian population of the province where they stood in. The author believes that a set of functions depended foremost on the location landscape. Methods and materials. The author applies the comparison approach, i.e. compares the peculiarities of two regions where the frontier armies stood: Isauria at the southeast of Asia Minor (mountain landscape) and Upper Germany at the Rhine frontier (mainly plain territory). The source accounts are "The Life of St. Conon of Isauria" (hagiography), an important inscription of Julian the Caesar (future Emperor Julian the Apostate) from Upper Germany (epigraphy) and the work of Ammianus Marcellinus "The Deeds" (Res gestae). Analysis. The author compares evidence on the military arrangement of two provinces and considers how their frontier units defended these lands from external and internal enemies, how they interacted to local population and how precisely they located in its forts. Conclusions. As a result the author concludes that the Roman administration could not place a large number of regular military units in Isauria, because this province had not enough fertile plain lands, this region suffered from the lack of food supply. The hard and cruel mountain landscape enforced to make the bands of irregular city militia – in the case of Isaurian assaults citizens formed military detachments, which were temporarily attached to regular units called vexillations. In contrast, at the Rhine frontier, where there were enough fertile flat lands, the Roman administration might place many regular units and, moreover, this region received detachments from expeditionary troops. In other words, the Roman administration had enough food supply to maintain a high number of regular frontier garrisons.

In this article, the author raises the question of using wargames as a method of research in international relations. The paper analyzes the extensive historiographic base devoted to the issue of adapting classic military-historical simulation games to other fields of science, including international studies. The author thoroughly analyzes the experience of the Western academic community in applying wargames to obtain empirical data in researches on various topics and issues. The paper describes the main characteristics of wargames as a research methodology, mentions primary advantages and potential disadvantages while providing extensive examples of both. The author concludes that wargame is a valuable research tool, which allows the study of a wide range of topics, including those where the use of other research methods is impossible or limited. One of the bottom-lines of the article is that wargames can be considered both a qualitative and a quantative method of research, which makes imitational modeling a potential answer in the ongoing argument on the methodology more suitable for social sciences and international relations in particular. The author also pays special attention to the applicability of wargames to the subject sphere of international relations and touches upon the issue of the future of this mechanism in scientific research, taking into account the existing global trends. In particular, the author speaks of the objective need to develop unified mechanisms for the implementation of wargames in the digital environment, which would solve many potential issues and risks affecting the validity of the obtained results, and, in general, would simplify the use of wargames for scientific purposes. One of the important conclusions that are drawn in the paper is the objective need to digitalize existing wargames, which would allow to avoid existing complications of organizational nature, make wargaming more accessible and applicable to various types of research in the international relations studies.

Counteraction to criminal offences in the field of official and professional activity related to public services in today's conditions has become a priority. As a result, there are a significant number of law enforcement and anti-corruption bodies and changes in the current criminal legislation of Ukraine in terms of regulating liability for misconduct in the field of official and professional activities. However, despite the desire to overcome this dangerous phenomenon present in any society, there is inconsistent and unfoundedness of individual decisions, which indicates the need for specific scientific investigations. The author considered specific theoretical and practical problems of the criminal liability for abuse of power or official authority by a law enforcement employee and researched the types and features of the law enforcement system of Ukraine. The author determined the status of a law enforcement employee and the features that distinguish an official from support staff. In addition, the author identified the most prominent problems that are still present in the provisions of criminal law in terms of liability for abuse of power or official authority by a law enforcement employee. The author provided analysis of specific related categories, namely: "law enforcement agency", "law enforcement activities", "law enforcement functions", and their role in the application of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of the current criminal legislation and the doctrine of criminal law, the author formulated possible options for solving specific problems. The reform of the law enforcement system of Ukraine is underway, and the problems raised in work only testify to the tendency to continue it. Accordingly, this process requires the constant support of the scientific community, as the effectiveness of any reform is determined by the level of harmonious combination of efforts of scientific potential and legislative initiative.

This work was supported by the FFJ/Valeo Fellowship. Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to the author at minami-s2rk@mlit.go.jp. The author gratefully acknowledges the generous support and assistance of the Fondation France-Japon (FFJ) de l'École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) and Valeo. The author would like to particularly thank Tetsuo Akiyama, Bruno Faivre d'Arcier, Hidetada Higashi, Arnaud Passalacqua, and Naoyuki Tsukamoto for their support and helpful comments on his work. The author would like to thank Enago for the English language review. The content of this paper is based on the author's personal research in FFJ-EHESS and is not the official view of the Policy Research Institute for Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism to which author belongs. ; This paper traces the interdependent development cycle of institutions and technology concerning sustainable mobility by analyzing the relationship between innovation and transportation policy in local governments. This paper spells out local government solutions to mobility problems using Sustainable Innovative Mobility Means (SIMM). Throughout the world, there are many SIMM projects that were implemented by local governments. Therefore, this paper focuses on local government as a main driver of SIMM. This research investigates optimal policies and the role and instruments of local governments in sustainable mobility innovation. This paper uses European and Japanese case studies and theoretical assumptions. Five roles and five instruments of local government in transportation policy have been analyzed in this paper. Actually, the importance of these roles and instruments varies by municipality, depending on factors such as the size and level of the local government and its relationship with the state. Innovative urban rail project cases in Japan and France gave us many indications of the role of local transport policy in innovating mobility technology. Some failed rail projects also have provided important ...

Quantitative data are increasingly influencing the evaluation of the effectiveness of research and researchers. Citations may be the main metric to assess the quality and value of a publication, the number of which evaluates the academic impact. Who and how is citing Ukrainian scholarly journals? And speaking about citations, what are the main connections and trends? To study these aspects, we analyzed the citations of two "young" Ukrainian journals published by the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. The authors searched for articles published by two journals (Kyiv-Mohyla Humanities Journal and Kyiv-Mohyla Law and Politics Journal) in the citation databases Dimensions, Web of Science and Scopus. With the help of bibliometric analysis, such indicators as: citation; self-citation of the author; self-citation of the journal; citations from the author affiliated with the publisher of the journal; citations from the author who has a joint affiliation with the author of the article; Altmetric Attention Score. The purpose of the study is to distinguish the publications impact in various fields of knowledge in Open Access journals for researchers around the world, the growing number of citations for English-language publications, the importance of international publishing standards, correlations for self-citation, etc. An important aim is also to summarize the importance of journal indexing in different databases. The study showed that the number of journal citations is primarily influenced by the thematic relevance of published materials. Including, the subject of the article (volume, issue) has a strong correlation with the dynamics and geography of the citations. The number of self-citations of authors, self-citations of the journal, as well as citations from the joint affiliation with the author and publisher was insignificant. No significant impact on the number of citations was also found in the date of publication and its distribution on the Internet (Altmetric). Journal indexing in abstract, full-text ...

Leadership style as a characteristic behavior of a leader, is the prerogative in public administration activity. As follows the leader stimulates employees to achieve the goals of a public institution. The author of the article notes that style is primarily an element of the leadership system, which is characterized by individual characteristics that are directly determined by the personality of the leader. The article analyzes the first studies conducted by K. Levin on issues of the effectiveness of leadership style, which contributed to the separation of authoritarian, democratic and liberal style of management. In his research, the author focuses on special aspects of the leadership styles study, in particular, the "hidden" that formed during the heyday of American business. The article analyzes the "hidden" style of leadership, that is characterized by recognition of the importance of horizontal relationships – free communication between representatives of different structural units, which contributed to effective interaction between them. The author also draws attention to such leadership styles as executive, proactive and inconsistent in terms of authoritarianism and collegiality. However, in public administration such a leadership style as participatory (democratic) is poorly explored. According to the author of the article, such a leadership style allows to achieve a high degree of cooperation in developing a common position on solving numerous tasks. The author carried out a scientific generalization of the researches on the issues of introduction of participatory leadership in public administration in Ukraine, which was conducted by the Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation within the framework of the Program for Promoting Public Activity "Join!" (USAID / ENGAGE), funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented by the Pact in Ukraine, based on a nationwide survey in January-February 2020 on public involvement in public administration activity. ; Стиль ...

The author argues that the precise final definitions (recognized and universal) are often less important for scientists than the key features of the studied phenomena. Therefore, the author suggests to combine different concepts in order to get a working and temporary definition of the cultural landscape. The article presents this term as non-evaluative, mainly typological, non-taxonomic and 'real', which allows to consider its borders with the natural landscape as mobile, conventional and relative due to the fact that both landscapes are affected by human activities. The author describes factors and trends in the development of the cultural landscape, and regionalization as a tool to study and preserve it. The Russian cultural landscape is primarily determined by the interaction of the state with nature due to the obvious shortage of self-organized local communities. The author identifies endogenous (internal) and exogenous (external) factors in the (self)-development of the cultural landscape, which can be either stimulating or hindering. As the main features of the Russian cultural landscape the author considers its historically developed rhythm and ability to self-recover, which differ by country and region. Centuries of the military-colonial despotism and unprecedented centralization of the supreme power have turned the Russian space into a totalitarian landscape with the hypertrophied radial connections and the suppressed peripheral connections, which is embodied in the administrative-territorial division and determined the extraordinary social-economic, geographical, ecological and territorial polarization. The Russian landscape has a very specific feature - the so-called 'inner periphery', or hinterland (relative and ubiquitous): these are territories located closer to the country's cores than to its outskirts but with all negative features of the outskirts. This inner periphery plays an important role in the preservation and development of the natural landscape as a potential basis of the territorial ecological framework, but to ensure such a role we need a comprehensive cultural-historical regionalization.

In the article the author describes the transformations provoked by the transition from politics and economics to biopolitics and bioeconomics. The author notes the impact of these changes on the development of modern scientific knowledge (commercialization of science, commodification of the results of scientific research, dehumanization of knowledge in general). One of the article points concerns the ambivalence of the consequences caused by modern trends in the production and use of scientific knowledge. The key contradictions are: the contradiction between the price and value of the human body and life of the individual as such; the contradictions related to the attitude to human and non-human entities. The possibilities of a positive response to new challenges in the development of science and the application of its results are in the field of humanization of scientific knowledge, which is interpreted as strengthening the axiological and ethical components of modern science, overcoming the technocratic and highly professional style of thinking of scientists and specialists. The article gives the assessment of difficulties in solving the problem of humanization of scientific knowledge from the standpoint of classical humanism. The author provides the overview of concepts that are based on criticism of traditional humanism and that let develop ethical answers to modern challenges in the field of humanization of knowledge and practice of its use in conditions of biocapitalism and growing progress in the field of biotechnological development. In particular, the principles of approaches methodologically proceeding from the following orientations, are analyzed: first, based on the denial or preservation of the key pathos of humanism and its principles; second, bringing out the "new" humanism from theistic or secular foundations. Theistic and non-theistic versions of "renewed" humanism, posthumanism and transhumanism are analyzed. The author describes essential difference between posthumanistic and transhumanistic orientation. The author draws a conclusion about the prospects of using these approaches to solve the problem of humanization of scientific knowledge.

The article reflects the processes of concentration and territorial deployment of troops of the Russian Empire in Belarus during the existence of the Vilna and Warsaw military districts after the end of the uprising of 1863–1864. The analysis of the reasons for the concentration of formations and units of the Russian army in the region, taking into account the current military-political situation in Europe and socio-political processes that took place within the Belarusian provinces themselves, allowed the author to determine the goals and tasks of the troops that were solved by the latter in Belarus from the middle 1860s to the beginning of the World War I. This research is based on a wide range of sources that were first introduced into scientific circulation, identified by the author in the archives and book repositories of Russia and Belarus. The author identifies the causes and preconditions of creation of system of territorial administration of the armed forces of the Russian Empire in Belarus. The process of creating organizational structures of the Vilna military district and the composition of the military contingent stationed in Belarus and the locations of individual parts and units of the Russian army within the borders of Belarusian provinces are discovered. The author identifies the causes of changes in the composition and the scheme of territorial deployment of troops during the period of military districts.On the basis of a comparison of the results obtained in the study of the above aspects of the subject, the author tried to give an overall assessment of the role and place of Belarusian lands in the system of ensuring military-strategic interests of the Russian Empire, as well as the role of the army in political life of Belarus in the second half of the 1860s until the outbreak of the World War I.

The article deals with the role of small scale industry in India in achieving the sustainable development. The author draws attention to the fact that the small scale industry promotion policy impacts significantly not only on decreasing the unemployment rate as well as long-term and youth unemployment but also on solving such acute social problems as poverty, famine, undernourishment and food insecurity, lack of quality education, gender inequality and the empowerment of women. The author pays attention to the evolution of small business in India in 1950-2010s. It argues convincingly that due to significant number of population as well as low-skilled labor on the one hand and limited financial resources on the other one small business has been considered to be a buffer between modern big business and the bulk of the population remaining outside it. The author considers the effectiveness of the industrial policy through the prism of stimulating small-scale industry and changing its place in the Indian economy. The author examines the activity of the The National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development (NABARD) which is considered to be the most important institution which looks after the development of the small scale industries. The aim of NABARD was poverty reduction and development assistance (it's one of the premier agencies providing developmental credit in rural areas). The article presents the definition of small scale industry in India both in terms of employment level and the investment limits as well as statistical data on number of units, its share in industrial production and exports and expansion of small scale sector in 2000-2010s. The author identified main problems facing cottage and small scale industries in India at the present time. The research is based on the systematic approach to the study of national economy using basic methods of scientific knowledge such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis.

The author of the article has analyzed the legislation of Ukraine on combating the spread of infectious diseases, in particular, with regard to the perfection of the formulation of powers of local self-government agencies. The author emphasizes that the restrictions imposed by the authorities (regarding the ban on the operation of private catering establishments, hotels, shops, etc.) are an intrusion (interference) of the state, represented by local self-government agencies into the property right guaranteed by the Art. 1 of the First Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. This conclusion, according to the author, follows, in particular, from the ECHR judgments, where it stated that the concept of "property", as well as "ownership", has a fairly broad interpretation and covers a range of economic interests (assets) – both tangible and intangible, such as: real estate, proceeds from property, personal property, "assets", "legitimate expectations" to act in accordance with a permit issued by public authorities, etc. The author of the article studies the process of introducing sequestration restrictions on the territory of Kyiv City; studies the status of the Plenary Committee on Technogenic and Environmental Safety and Emergency Situations of the executive agency of Kyiv City Council, which decided to introduce such restrictions. The analysis of the Ukrainian legislation has resulted to the conclusion that the Committee did not have the authority to introduce sequestration restrictions. It has been concluded at the end of the article that the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of the Population from Infectious Diseases" should be revised and amended. According to the author, the types, conditions and procedures for introducing measures that can be implemented by the public administration subjects to overcome the spread of infectious diseases should be determined with the greatest degree of details; the authorized entities to implement (apply) each of these measures ...

Civil society is a real subject of influence on the electoral processes in Ukraine. Thanks to the skillful and creative use of the latest information and communication technologies, the election races in recent years have given rise to Internet projects, made the elections more transparent and open, and narrowed the field for outright manipulation and election fraud in Ukraine.In this article, the author reveals the role of a facilitative mechanism in ensuring the participation of civil society institutions in electoral communication, which is aimed at collecting information on violations of electoral legislation. The functioning of these initiatives is possible thanks to the dissemination of effective tools for public monitoring of the electoral process.Referring to the approval of foreign and domestic specialists in the field of selection, training and development of personnel, one of the most important competencies of a manager is facilitation. That is, it is a special management technology in the context of the implementation of the team approach in the field of public administration and administration.Based on the analysis of scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, the author studies the features of the facilitative mechanism for involving the public in electoral communication, and also highlights the main factors that contribute to increasing the efficiency of public administration and administration in this area of activity.At the same time, the author gives a characteristic of electoral communication, which is actively carried out today thanks to the innovative development of information and communication technologies - electronic and digital resources.In this article, the author considers the features of the implementation of the facilitation mechanism regarding public participation in electoral communication. According to the author, it is relevant for information and communication support of the electoral process in the field of public activity, which led to the choice of the topic of the ...

This article analyzes the soft power of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Mongolia from 2009 to 2016. To determine the scope of Chinese policy in this area, the author analyzes the indicators of two other influential actors in the region: the Russian Federation and the United States. The author uses a comparative approach to evaluate the effectiveness of China's soft power and a quantitative method to calculate a soft power index based on the system proposed by the author drawing on the experience of a British think-tank, the Institute for Government. Four components of the soft power toolkit are analyzed: foreign policy principles, a successful economic model, a successful social model and cultural and civilizational values. This analysis reveals which of the components is most actively used by the state-subject and which has the greatest degree of influence on the formation of a positive image of China in Mongolia. Based on this analysis, the author identifies flaws in the projects of the PRC, Russia and the U.S. in Mongolia which clearly demonstrate the ineffectiveness of policy in this area. The dominance ofChina is demonstrated in several ways, from its economic influence to its penetration of the national language and culture. China is gradually increasing its emphasis on cultural and civilizational valueswithin the framework of its soft power policy due to the lessening significance of a successful economic model as a component of soft power. This is due not only to a slowdown in the growth of the Chinese economy but also to the economic crisis inside Mongolia. Nevertheless, the author concludes that, despite quite good indicators, the PRC also experiences certain difficulties with the implementation of its soft power policy. Sinophobia is prevalent in Mongolia, and as a result, the most important part of soft power - the formation of a positive image - is absent. © HSE, 1993-2018.

The article presents the current state of research on a fragment of the history of the Polish military – the history of the army, i.e. land forces of the Polish Armed Forces existing in the years 1940–1947 and subordinated to the legal authorities of the Republic of Poland in London, as well as prospects for the development of this research. The author focused primarily on non-serial publications which have appeared since 1945 until today. Discussing the state of research, he presented the achievements of both emigration and national historiography. In the latter, he distinguished two periods: before and after 1990. He also discussed the achievements of Western historiography in this field. The author concentrated on the most important trends in historiography so far and on the predominant trends in editing sources, memoirs, biographies and monographs, which he grouped thematically. As far as scientific journals are concerned, the author just mentioned a few of the most important ones published in exile and two leading historical-military ones published in Poland. He also pointed to the most important Polish and foreign archives, which contain sources necessary for the reconstruction of the history of the Polish Armed Forces. The author also characterized briefly the potential of the particular scientific circles that conduct professional research on the history of the Polish Armed Forces. Discussing the prospects for the development of this research, he pointed out the suggested directions and topics that remain undiscovered. He stressed that there are still many areas awaiting scientific exploration. Casting light on the results of the investigations, including new findings, opens up the possibility of writing many articles, including source papers, because many aspects of the functioning of the Polish Armed Forces are still unexplored. It is also a field for many monographs and syntheses. The author concluded his deliberations with a short summary referring to the challenges and opportunities as well as possible risks and threats to future research.