Suchergebnisse

An important element in strategic and operational planning, as well as in determining the positioning of an enterprise in market conditions, is an assessment of the sustainable development of companies. A sufficient level of assessment and forecasting of financial and economic indicators allows enterprises to identify key elements and opportunities for implementing the concept of sustainable development, which nowadays is a necessary and fundamental component and the basis for improving the efficiency of functioning. The article demonstrates an analysis of methods for assessing the financial and economic component of sustainable development. The authors are focused on the financial sector of the Environmental, Social, and Governance approach, as well as on the comparison of the author's sustainable development methods as the most important component of the functioning of a modern enterprise.

Albanian Railways in the last two decades has experienced a fierce competition of the road transport, which has constantly taken parts in its transport market. Being a railway of a small country will modest freight and passenger traffic volumes, its survival depends on a political decision that has to be taken by albanian government. Tha paper deals with the possibility of the coming back to rail of chrome ore, gravel and fuel transport. These transports are permanent part of rail transport, but about a decade ago left the railway. The paper purpose is not to analyze removal causes of chrome ore, gravel and fuel transport by rail, but to explain the importance of time line concept to the return of these transports volume again in railway. Taking into account the social costs in the form of environmental pollution and roads blocking caused by road vehicles, in the material presented propozes the idea of a cost-benefit analysis. This analysis should be developed in order to justify a public decision to increase the rail volume by returning the goods mentioned above in the railways. The paper develops the idea that decision-making by private viewpoint of transport oprators, has not the necessary elements for solving the blocking roads and environmental pollution problem, so should not be taken into consideration for the development of transport policies in urban areas. For this purpose must be used a cost-benefit analysis to pave the way for an integrated transport or a decision making in favor of the public interest. DOI:10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n9p692

As basic institutions of human coexistence in the world, the house and the state continue to prove themselves and to change. House (i. e., the domestic setting as the primary economic and social unit) and state are the subject of a comparative study on an ecotheoretical basis. In the global context, the modes of societal regulation have developed differently in the domestic sphere and in the sphere of the state. In them and with them, order is created in the world and for the individual and collective conduct of life. The institutional frameworks of house and state in the world are ways of shaping existence that are juxtaposed in their European-Occidental and East Asian forms: The treatment of the topic takes place along the ancient Greek basic concepts and forms of thought of the oikos, the polis and the cosmos on the one hand and the ancient Chinese categories jia, guo and tianxia on the other. They are discussed with their ethical, political and economic references in their traditional and contemporary meaning and with regard to their ecological viability. The interest in a discursive understanding of sustainable, life-serving orders in the face of global challenges is the guiding motive.

"General Editor A. Javier Treviño, working with a panel of experts, thoroughly examines all aspects of social problems, providing a contemporary and authoritative introduction to the field. Each chapter is written by a specialist on that particular topic. This unique, contributed format ensures that the research, examples, and theories described are the most current and relevant available. The text is framed around three major themes: intersectionality (the interplay of race, ethnicity, class, and gender), the global scope of many problems, and how researchers take an evidence-based approach to studying problems"--

Since World War II, "social" programs have expanded rapidly throughout the world and there has been in creasing recognition that in the economic development of less- advanced nations, social development must keep pace if nations are to avoid social dislocations frequently associated with in dustrial and urban expansion. Bilateral programs have not given adequate attention to the social aspects of economic development. The United States has made its largest contri bution in the social field in the area of technical assistance to "community development," a movement with broad political, social, and economic implications which is spreading through out the world and is aimed at improving village life. The International Co-operation Administration (ICA) has also en gaged in training of personnel and direct service in the social field but has instructed that social programs must contribute to economic development. Other countries have likewise en gaged in bilateral programs in the social field, but, as in the United States program, they have minimized activities in the social field as compared to economic development programs. Increased attention to social factors can minimize the social problems associated with rapid economic development and in dustrialization and this is urged for future United States pro grams since the United States has the largest bilateral program in the world.