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Статья посвящена изучению сущности уклонения от отбывания уголовного наказания, назначенного вступившим в законную силу приговором суда. В рамках статьи исследованы различные точки зрения ученых относительно юридической природы уклонения от отбывания наказания, выделены субъективные и объективные признаки, наличие которых позволяет государству в лице правоохранительных органов привлечь «нарушителя» к ответственности. На основе анализа норм действующего уголовного законодательства сделан вывод о том, что уклонение от отбывания наказания может совершаться как в форме действия, так и бездействия.The article is devoted to the study of the essence of evasion from serving a criminal sentence imposed by a legally effective court decision. In article the various points of view of scientists on the legal nature of evasion from serving of punishment, selected subjective and objective symptoms, the presence of which allows the government in the face of law enforcement to bring the «criminal» to justice. Based on the analysis of the norms of criminal law concluded that the evasion from punishment serving can be done in the form of the action, and inaction.

Freedom of Expression, Hate Speech, and Incitement to Terrorism and Genocide : Resonances and Tensions -- Public International Law and Cyber Incitements to Violence -- Incitement to Terror and Freedom of Speech -- Wrestling with Freedom of Expression and the Spread of Extremism : A UK Perspective -- French Law and EU Rules in the Fight against Incitement to Terrorism or Violent Extremism -- Canadian Legal Perspectives on Incitement to Terrorism -- Containing the Proliferation of Incitement : A Canadian Perspective -- Incitement and Related Matters in Israeli Law -- Fighting Incitement : The Work and Practice of the Israeli Prosecution 2014-2016 -- The UN and Incitement -- Targeting Speech in War -- Criminal and Military Incitement Response Tools : Prosecution and Security Detention -- Imminence Reconsidered -- Inciting Terrorism on the Internet : The Limits of Tolerating Intolerance -- Combating Incitement to Violence on the Internet through Service Provider Action -- Police and Incitement to Terrorism : The Challenge of Countering Violent Narratives

AbstractThis article examines what criminal policy chosen at each stage of law enforcement against criminal acts industrial production of goods that do not meet the Indonesian National Standards mandatory and research is an interdisciplinary law with the assumption (paradigm) legal research is not just seen as the rules / norms but also as a value containing economic calculations. The nature of the research is descriptive research with a form of evaluative research. The approach uses qualitative research approach secondary and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques in this study using library research (literature study) and study the documentation. Data processing techniques in this study the data obtained is presented qualitatively then be analyzed using descriptive analysis. And data analysis techniques in the study of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion.The result of that criminal policy in law enforcement against criminal acts that violate the provisions of SNI started in the formation of legislation by the legislature, At the level of investigation and prosecution were carried out by investigators, police investigators and prosecutors of the Attorney as the authority of state government (executive), criminal policy in law enforcement against criminal acts that violate the provisions of SNI no special policies. The criminal policy of judicial power which is run by the Supreme Court and judicial bodies underneath, law enforcement against criminal acts that violate the provisions of SNI can be done in three (3) aspects of function invocations ultimum remedium criminal law, proof materially application for the goods and / or services are subjected to compulsory SNI and the imposition of criminal optimal.AbstrakTulisan ini mengkaji apa kebijakan kriminal yang dipilih pada setiap tahapan penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana perindustrian memproduksi barang yang tidak memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia wajib kesejahteraan sosial masyarakat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum interdisiplin dengan asumsi (paradigma) penelitian hukum tidak hanya dilihat sebagai aturan/norma tetapi juga sebagai nilai yang mengandung kalkulasi ekonomi.Sifat penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan bentuk penelitian evaluative.Pendekatannya menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan sumber data bahan pustaka di bidang hukum yakni bahan hukum primair, bahan hukum skunder dan bahan hukum tersier.Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan library research (studi kepustakaan) dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik pengolaan data dalam penelitian ini data yang diperoleh disajikan secara kualitatif kemudian akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis diskriptif. Dan teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil bahwa Kebijakan kriminal dalam penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana yang melanggar ketentuan SNI wajib dimulai dari tingkat pembentukan undang-undang oleh lembaga legislatif, Di tingkat penyidikan dan penuntutan yang dilaksanakan oleh PPNS, Penyidik Polri, dan Penuntut Umum pada Kejaksaan RI sebagai kekuasaan pemerintahan negara (eksekutif), kebijakan kriminal dalam penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana yang melanggar ketentuan SNI wajib tidak ada kebijakan khusus. Kebijakan kriminal kekuasaan kehakiman yang dijalankan oleh Mahkamah Agung RI dan badan peradilan di bawahnya, tercermin dari putusan hukum terhadap tindak pidana yang melanggar ketentuan SNI wajib dapat dilakukan dalam 3 (tiga) aspek yaitu penjalanan fungsi ultimum remedium hukum pidana, penerapan pembuktian secara materiil atas barang dan/atau jasa yang diberlakukan SNI wajib dan penjatuhan pidana yang optimal.

Since the 1970s, Americans have witnessed a pyrrhic war on crime, with sobering numbers at once chilling and cautionary. Our imprisoned population has increased five-fold, with a commensurate spike in fiscal costs that many now see as unsupportable into the future. As American society confronts a multitude of new challenges ranging from terrorism to the disappearance of middle-class jobs to global warming, the war on crime may be up for reconsideration for the first time in a generation or more. Relatively low crime rates indicate that the public mood may be swinging toward declaring victory and moving on.However, to declare that the war is over is dangerous and inaccurate, and After the War on Crime reveals that the impact of this war reaches far beyond statistics; simply moving on is impossible. The war has been most devastating to those affected by increased rates and longer terms of incarceration, but its reach has also reshaped a sweeping range of social institutions, including law enforcement, politics, schooling, healthcare, and social welfare. The war has also profoundly altered conceptions of race and community.It is time to consider the tasks reconstruction must tackle. To do so requires first a critical assessment of how this war has remade our society, and then creative thinking about how government, foundations, communities, and activists should respond. After the War on Crime accelerates this reassessment with original essays by a diverse, interdisciplinary group of scholars as well as policy professionals and community activists. The volume's immediate goal is to spark a fresh conversation about the war on crime and its consequences; its long-term aspiration is to develop a clear understanding of how we got here and of where we should go

Abstract
Until robots and humans mostly worked in fast-paced and yet separate environments, occupational health and safety (OHS) rules could address workers' safety largely independently from robotic conduct. This is no longer the case: collaborative robots (cobots) working alongside humans warrant the design of policies ensuring the safety of both humans and robots at once, within shared spaces and upon delivery of cooperative workflows. Within the European Union (EU), the applicable regulatory framework stands at the intersection between international industry standards and legislation at the EU as well as Member State level. Not only do current standards and laws fail to satisfactorily attend to the physical and mental health challenges prompted by human–robot interaction (HRI), but they exhibit important gaps in relation to smart cobots ("SmaCobs") more specifically. In fact, SmaCobs combine the black-box unforeseeability afforded by machine learning with more general HRI-associated risks, towards increasingly complex, mobile and interconnected operational interfaces and production chains. Against this backdrop, based on productivity and health motivations, we urge the encoding of the enforcement of OHS policies directly into SmaCobs. First, SmaCobs could harness the sophistication of quantum computing to adapt a tangled normative architecture in a responsive manner to the contingent needs of each situation. Second, entrusting them with OHS enforcement vis-à-vis both themselves and humans may paradoxically prove safer as well as more cost-effective than for humans to do so. This scenario raises profound legal, ethical and somewhat philosophical concerns around SmaCobs' legal personality, the apportionment of liability and algorithmic explainability. The first systematic proposal to tackle such questions is henceforth formulated. For the EU, we propose that this is achieved through a new binding OHS Regulation aimed at the SmaCobs age.

The case law of the Court of Justice on the prohibition of general (meta)data retention and on the right to be forgotten, has formed the cradle for a new status protecting and empowering the data subject. Built upon a distinctive equilibrium of values and linked to the territory of the Union, the new status can be described as an embryonic European digital citizenship. The article explores the construction of the new status orchestrated by the Court of Justice in close interplay with national courts (especially apex courts) and the EU legislature. It identifies various ways in which the case law of the ECJ on digital rights is similar to the case law on Union citizenship. The emerging status then opens up a new vista of how citizenship can be understood and developed in the EU legal order beyond the framework of Articles 20 and 21 TFEU, in order to address the challenges of an increasingly digitized society.
European digital citizenship, Court of Justice, prohibition of general (meta)data retention, right to be forgotten, data subject, data protection, digital rights, Union citizenship, digitized society

The article analyzes representations of the Ukrainian ethnos about a crime and punishment for its commission. The author attempted to substantiate the relationship between the content of the mentally-legal patterns of Ukrainians and the nature of crime in domestic territories. For example, he came to the conclusion that the behavior of Ukrainians in matters of "honesty and dishonor" is governed by mental archetypes that need to be corrected through the legal ideology supported by the whole society. In addition, domestic legal mentality is characterized by rather ambiguous attitude to the crime: on the one hand, any unlawful activity in the public consciousness is condemned, but at the same time, Ukrainians do not refrain from committing illegal acts, finding for their justification various arguments, among them, and "heroizing" the image of a criminal cossack. Separately, the problem of crimes against property and corruption has been highlighted. The article has argued that the submission of Ukrainians about the socio-legal institution of property is also quite controversial and expressed in the high authority of private property and the treatment of state and public property as "not whose", and therefore, that which can be attributed. A deep historic traditions of corruption in Ukraine determines their wide distribution, diversity of such acts and an impressive arsenal of arguments to justify them, provided not only at the domestic level but also in certain scientific circles. The content of psychological stereotypes in the sphere of the application of punishment in relation to lawbreakers and their interrelation with Ukrainian reality are also considered. In particular, the extraordinary humanism of Ukrainian legal mentality in this context is noted. For example, domestic mythology in general denies the need to punish criminals for the misdeeds committed by official authorities, placing this mission on the "divine Providence". For the national conscience of the Ukrainian ethnic group, an extremely contemptuous ...

This work continues the investigation of bureaucratic practices aimed at disciplining and repressing the workers of the Córdoba public administration in the period between the police coup, known as "Navarrazo", which removed the governor and deputy governor (February 28, 1974 ) and the first three years of the dictatorship established by the National Reorganization Process (PRN, March 24, 1976). During this period, various provisions were applied, such as the expendable law and the Public Employee Statute (1974) that later overlapped with "de facto laws" passed during the PRN, such as 5911 and 5913 (1976, down for reasons of security and expendability, respectively) with the purpose of "purifying" the public administration. The arbitrariness of the measures made use of profuse regulations and routine, bureaucratic and legalistic practices, which coexisted with illegal repression and State terrorism, which is reflected in the significant number of missing and murdered workers. Within this framework, we will focus on two aspects related to said practices: layoffs and resignations of personnel, which grew exponentially between 1976 and 1978. At the same time, we will provide new evidence on the close coordination between de facto authorities, their bureaucratic-administrative procedures and the intelligence services for the ideological persecution and repression of public employees. For this we resort, among others, to "secret documents" kept in the Government Archive of the Province of Córdoba). ; Este trabajo continúa la indagación sobre prácticas burocráticas orientadas al disciplinamiento y la represión de los trabajadores de la administración pública de Córdoba en el período que transcurre entre el golpe policial, conocido como "Navarrazo", que destituyó al gobernador y vicegobernador (28 de febrero 1974) y los tres primeros años de la dictadura instaurada por el Proceso de Reorganización Nacional (PRN, 24 de marzo 1976). En ese período se aplicaron diversos dispositivos, como la ley de prescindibilidad y el Estatuto del Empleado Público (1974) que se solaparon luego con "leyes de facto" dictadas durante el PRN, tales como la 5911 y 5913 (1976, baja por razones de seguridad y prescindibilidad, respectivamente) con el propósito de "depurar" la administración pública. La arbitrariedad de las medidas se sirvió de una profusa normativa y de prácticas rutinarias, burocráticas y legalistas, que coexistieron con la represión ilegal y el terrorismo de Estado, de lo que da cuenta el importante número de trabajadores desaparecidos y asesinados. En ese marco, haremos foco en dos aspectos vinculados a dichas prácticas: las cesantías y las renuncias de personal, que crecieron exponencialmente entre 1976 y 1978. Paralelamente, aportaremos nueva evidencia sobre la articulación estrecha entre las autoridades de facto, sus procedimientos burocrático-administrativos y los servicios de inteligencia para la persecución ideológica y la represión de los empleados públicos. Para ello recurrimos, entre otros, a "documentos secretos" custodiados en el Archivo de Gobierno de la Provincia de Córdoba.

This article considers issues of functioning of man-sized systems within the framework of the order of legal relations ensured by state administration. The research paper raises and examines issues of modernization of the process of state administration at the present day in view of modern requirements and the development prospect. The article raises and examines issues of maintenance of the stability of the system of state administration. The paper considers aspects of interaction of members of various man-sized systems that perform communication through the use of modern information technologies.

During the Second World War, the government of the Netherlands realized that it had no adequate penalization system in place for wartime offences. Thus, the Criminal Law Wartime Occupation Decree of 22 December 1943 (BBS, Stb. D 61) was enacted to penalize offences committed during wartime. This emergency legislation was recognized as legally valid after the war. It then took until the Wartime Offences Act of 10 July 1952 (effective date 5 August 1952, the "WOS") for wartime offences to be subjected to specific penalties. This was followed by separate statutes penalizing genocide (Genocide Convention Implementation Act of 2 July 1964, effective date 24 October 1970) and torture (Torture Convention Implementation Act of 29 September 1988, effective date 20 January 1989).

Los artículos 141.3 y 152.3 de la Constitución permiten la creación de otras agrupaciones de Municipios diferentes de la Provincia en los términos establecidos por los Estatutos de Autonomía y la legalidad ordinaria. La regulación de estas entidades corresponde a los Parlamentos autonómicos que han de respetar el principio de autonomía local constitucionalmente garantizado a Municipios y Provincias, así como la regulación que de las propias Entidades supramunicipales establecen los artículos de la Ley de Bases del Régimen Local. Esta Ley en la que estas entidades aparecen reguladas en el Título V, ha supuesto un avance en la regulación de los Consorcios en nuestra Comunidad Autónoma. El reconocimiento de su condición de entidad local y la previsión de un procedimiento de constitución y régimen jurídico propio otorgan cobertura legal expresa a una realidad firmemente implantada. Cosa distinta es que en algunos aspectos puntuales la Ley resulta falta de precisión. Confiemos en que su futuro desarrollo reglamentario contribuya a aclarar esos extremos. ; The Articles 141.3 and 152.3 in the Spanish Constitution allows the creation of other associations of Municipalities different from the Province within the terms established by the Autonomous Regions Statutes and the current laws. The regulation of these entities falls to the Autonomous Parliaments. The Autonomous Lawmaker's actions must respect, however, the principle of Local Autonomy which is guaranteed constitutionally to Municipalities and Provinces as well as the regulations established for the own supra-municipal Entities in the articles of the Law 7/1985, April 2nd , regulating the Bases for the Local Government (LBRL). The LAULA, in which these entities are regulated in the Title V under the heading of "Territorial Cooperation", implies a clear advance regarding the regulation of Consortia in our Autonomous Region. The acknowledgement of their condition as local entities and the provision of proceedings to set them up and their own legal system are provisions which should be received well since they grant them express legal coverage to those institutions which were a firmly well-established reality. Another thing is that some aspects in this Law are not as precise as they should be. Let's be confident that the future regulatory implementation of this law, within its own scope, will contribute to throw the light on those aspects.