Beyond the Bright Line: A Contemporary Right-to-Counsel Doctrine
In: 97 Northwestern University Law Review 1635 (2003)
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In: 97 Northwestern University Law Review 1635 (2003)
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Problem setting. Pursuant to an item 19 the Landed code of Ukraine lands of industry, transport, connection, energy, defensive and other setting make the independent category of lands. Their use established an order a law. Will mark that lands of industry are the separate type of lands in composition the afore-mentioned category of lands. The row of laws of Ukraine, which regulate legal relationships from the use of lands of this category, is accepted for today. However, special Law "About lands of industry" it is not accepted until now. In addition, in current legislation the unique requirements of ecological safety absent in relation to the use of lands of industry. At the same time lands of industry are marked more frequent all test the negative influencing comparatively with other types of lands. Recent research and publications analysis. The problem of the use and guard of lands of industry was examined in works of such research workers, as N. V. Barbashova, M.M. Bakhurinska, R.D. Bogolepov, M.I. Krasnov, О.S. Trifonov and other. However much their most labours touch illumination only of its separate aspects; and a complex analysis does not exist actually. Paper objective. Purpose of this publication is the study of package of questions of the legal adjusting of exploitation of lands of industry is deep. Metodological base of this research is formed by dialectical cognitive approach and a system of general scientific and special legal techniques. Paper main body. As a rule, on lands of industry the special unagricultural activity is carried out by the proper enterprises, establishments and organizations, and also by citizens which also can come forward the subjects of such activity, if carry out the use of this category of lands set a law. It is expedient to underline that the specific of exploitation of lands of industry is predefined both the features of functioning of the objects setting of which is maintenance of unagricultural necessities located on them and specific status of subjects which they are given to. Foundation for differentiating of lands of industry after the levels of public ownness is a level of public ownness of property, located on such lot lands, level of public organ of power, which made a decision in relation to creation of the proper enterprise on such lot lands, and level of public ownness of property on such lot lands to his privatization, public value of bowels of the lands, located under the surface of these lot lands. Analysis of maintenance of item 92 allows to come the Landed code to the conclusion, that state and communal enterprises, and also those which are in ownness of public organizations of invalids of Ukraine utillize such lot lands on a right for permanent land-tenure, other subjects – on the terms of lease. Enterprises of atomic industry (in the that number of booty and enriching of ore, regeneration of the worked nuclear fuel, storage and utilization of radio-active wastes) are objects with the promoted ecological danger. Alienation of certain industrial object is carried out together with lot land which he is placed on, except for such cases: (а) if part of building or building can not be selected in nature together with part of lot land and (б) if building or building are on lot land, withdrawn from an appeal. It costs to mark that part of lands of industry is settled to the appeal, part, limited in circulation, part, withdrawn from an appeal. Conclusions of the research. Taking into account the having a special purpose setting of lands of industry, will offer determination of their use, which consists in a domain and using lot lands on a right for the permanent use and lease, and order by them on a right for a public, communal and private domain by enterprises, establishments, organizations and citizens as by the subjects of entrepreneurial activity for providing of their activity and (or) exploitation of objects of industry, that for placing and exploitation of basic, subsidiary, auxiliary buildings and buildings of mining, transport and other enterprises, their access roads, engineerings networks, administratively domestic buildings (that objects of engineering and transport infrastructure), other buildings which provide activity of enterprises of the proper industry. There was an urgent necessity to select the noted lands in an independent category with the special legal mode in relation to their use. ; Исследованы актуальные вопросы правового регулирования использования земель промышленности. Рассмотрены особенности использования и охраны земель промышленности. Обоснована необходимость совершенствования действующих нормативно-правовых актов, касающихся затронутой проблемы ; Досліджено актуальні питання правового регулювання використання земель промисловості. Розглянуто особливості використання та охорони земель промисловості. Обґрунтовано необхідність удосконалення чинних нормативно-правових актів, що стосуються порушеної проблеми.
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Problem setting. Pursuant to an item 19 the Landed code of Ukraine lands of industry, transport, connection, energy, defensive and other setting make the independent category of lands. Their use established an order a law. Will mark that lands of industry are the separate type of lands in composition the afore-mentioned category of lands. The row of laws of Ukraine, which regulate legal relationships from the use of lands of this category, is accepted for today. However, special Law "About lands of industry" it is not accepted until now. In addition, in current legislation the unique requirements of ecological safety absent in relation to the use of lands of industry. At the same time lands of industry are marked more frequent all test the negative influencing comparatively with other types of lands. Recent research and publications analysis. The problem of the use and guard of lands of industry was examined in works of such research workers, as N. V. Barbashova, M.M. Bakhurinska, R.D. Bogolepov, M.I. Krasnov, О.S. Trifonov and other. However much their most labours touch illumination only of its separate aspects; and a complex analysis does not exist actually. Paper objective. Purpose of this publication is the study of package of questions of the legal adjusting of exploitation of lands of industry is deep. Metodological base of this research is formed by dialectical cognitive approach and a system of general scientific and special legal techniques. Paper main body. As a rule, on lands of industry the special unagricultural activity is carried out by the proper enterprises, establishments and organizations, and also by citizens which also can come forward the subjects of such activity, if carry out the use of this category of lands set a law. It is expedient to underline that the specific of exploitation of lands of industry is predefined both the features of functioning of the objects setting of which is maintenance of unagricultural necessities located on them and specific status of subjects which they are given to. Foundation for differentiating of lands of industry after the levels of public ownness is a level of public ownness of property, located on such lot lands, level of public organ of power, which made a decision in relation to creation of the proper enterprise on such lot lands, and level of public ownness of property on such lot lands to his privatization, public value of bowels of the lands, located under the surface of these lot lands. Analysis of maintenance of item 92 allows to come the Landed code to the conclusion, that state and communal enterprises, and also those which are in ownness of public organizations of invalids of Ukraine utillize such lot lands on a right for permanent land-tenure, other subjects – on the terms of lease. Enterprises of atomic industry (in the that number of booty and enriching of ore, regeneration of the worked nuclear fuel, storage and utilization of radio-active wastes) are objects with the promoted ecological danger. Alienation of certain industrial object is carried out together with lot land which he is placed on, except for such cases: (а) if part of building or building can not be selected in nature together with part of lot land and (б) if building or building are on lot land, withdrawn from an appeal. It costs to mark that part of lands of industry is settled to the appeal, part, limited in circulation, part, withdrawn from an appeal. Conclusions of the research. Taking into account the having a special purpose setting of lands of industry, will offer determination of their use, which consists in a domain and using lot lands on a right for the permanent use and lease, and order by them on a right for a public, communal and private domain by enterprises, establishments, organizations and citizens as by the subjects of entrepreneurial activity for providing of their activity and (or) exploitation of objects of industry, that for placing and exploitation of basic, subsidiary, auxiliary buildings and buildings of mining, transport and other enterprises, their access roads, engineerings networks, administratively domestic buildings (that objects of engineering and transport infrastructure), other buildings which provide activity of enterprises of the proper industry. There was an urgent necessity to select the noted lands in an independent category with the special legal mode in relation to their use. ; Исследованы актуальные вопросы правового регулирования использования земель промышленности. Рассмотрены особенности использования и охраны земель промышленности. Обоснована необходимость совершенствования действующих нормативно-правовых актов, касающихся затронутой проблемы ; Досліджено актуальні питання правового регулювання використання земель промисловості. Розглянуто особливості використання та охорони земель промисловості. Обґрунтовано необхідність удосконалення чинних нормативно-правових актів, що стосуються порушеної проблеми.
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Problem setting. Pursuant to an item 19 the Landed code of Ukraine lands of industry, transport, connection, energy, defensive and other setting make the independent category of lands. Their use established an order a law. Will mark that lands of industry are the separate type of lands in composition the afore-mentioned category of lands. The row of laws of Ukraine, which regulate legal relationships from the use of lands of this category, is accepted for today. However, special Law "About lands of industry" it is not accepted until now. In addition, in current legislation the unique requirements of ecological safety absent in relation to the use of lands of industry. At the same time lands of industry are marked more frequent all test the negative influencing comparatively with other types of lands. Recent research and publications analysis. The problem of the use and guard of lands of industry was examined in works of such research workers, as N. V. Barbashova, M.M. Bakhurinska, R.D. Bogolepov, M.I. Krasnov, О.S. Trifonov and other. However much their most labours touch illumination only of its separate aspects; and a complex analysis does not exist actually. Paper objective. Purpose of this publication is the study of package of questions of the legal adjusting of exploitation of lands of industry is deep. Metodological base of this research is formed by dialectical cognitive approach and a system of general scientific and special legal techniques. Paper main body. As a rule, on lands of industry the special unagricultural activity is carried out by the proper enterprises, establishments and organizations, and also by citizens which also can come forward the subjects of such activity, if carry out the use of this category of lands set a law. It is expedient to underline that the specific of exploitation of lands of industry is predefined both the features of functioning of the objects setting of which is maintenance of unagricultural necessities located on them and specific status of subjects which they are given to. Foundation for differentiating of lands of industry after the levels of public ownness is a level of public ownness of property, located on such lot lands, level of public organ of power, which made a decision in relation to creation of the proper enterprise on such lot lands, and level of public ownness of property on such lot lands to his privatization, public value of bowels of the lands, located under the surface of these lot lands. Analysis of maintenance of item 92 allows to come the Landed code to the conclusion, that state and communal enterprises, and also those which are in ownness of public organizations of invalids of Ukraine utillize such lot lands on a right for permanent land-tenure, other subjects – on the terms of lease. Enterprises of atomic industry (in the that number of booty and enriching of ore, regeneration of the worked nuclear fuel, storage and utilization of radio-active wastes) are objects with the promoted ecological danger. Alienation of certain industrial object is carried out together with lot land which he is placed on, except for such cases: (а) if part of building or building can not be selected in nature together with part of lot land and (б) if building or building are on lot land, withdrawn from an appeal. It costs to mark that part of lands of industry is settled to the appeal, part, limited in circulation, part, withdrawn from an appeal. Conclusions of the research. Taking into account the having a special purpose setting of lands of industry, will offer determination of their use, which consists in a domain and using lot lands on a right for the permanent use and lease, and order by them on a right for a public, communal and private domain by enterprises, establishments, organizations and citizens as by the subjects of entrepreneurial activity for providing of their activity and (or) exploitation of objects of industry, that for placing and exploitation of basic, subsidiary, auxiliary buildings and buildings of mining, transport and other enterprises, their access roads, engineerings networks, administratively domestic buildings (that objects of engineering and transport infrastructure), other buildings which provide activity of enterprises of the proper industry. There was an urgent necessity to select the noted lands in an independent category with the special legal mode in relation to their use. ; Исследованы актуальные вопросы правового регулирования использования земель промышленности. Рассмотрены особенности использования и охраны земель промышленности. Обоснована необходимость совершенствования действующих нормативно-правовых актов, касающихся затронутой проблемы ; Досліджено актуальні питання правового регулювання використання земель промисловості. Розглянуто особливості використання та охорони земель промисловості. Обґрунтовано необхідність удосконалення чинних нормативно-правових актів, що стосуються порушеної проблеми.
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In: Journal of Palestine studies, Band 47, Heft 1/185, S. 18-38
ISSN: 1533-8614
World Affairs Online
Предмет исследования представленной автором статьи составляют нормы российского уголовного законодательства, регламентирующие систему правовых последствий запрещенного законом деяния, а также научные исследования в данной области. Цель исследования заключается в разработке теоретической и правовой основы правовых последствий запрещенного уголовным законом деяния, изучение действующего отечественного уголовного законодательства и научной доктрины в части правовых последствий запрещенного уголовным законом деяния, определении в них места таких категорий, как «наказание», «иные меры уголовно-правового характера» и «уголовная ответственность». Методологическую основу исследования составляет системно-функциональный подход к анализу, оценке и разработке основ уголовно-правового регулирования правовых последствий запрещенного уголовным законом деяния. Проведенное автором статьи исследование позволило сделать вывод о том, что все правовые последствия запрещенного уголовным законом деяния можно отнести или к наказанию или к иным мерам уголовно-правового характера; меры, не вошедшие по своему содержанию в указанные две группы, не являются правовыми последствиями запрещенного уголовным законом деяния. Данный вывод позволяет утверждать, что в российском уголовном законодательстве установлена «двухколейная» система правовых последствий. В результате рассмотрения соотношения категорий «правовые последствия запрещенного законом деяния» и «уголовная ответственность» автор приходит к выводу о несостоятельности доводов об абсолютизировании уголовной ответственности, отнесении к формам ее реализации всех случаев применения правовых последствий запрещенного уголовным законом деяния. ; The subject of the research presented in the article is the statutory provisions of the Russian criminal legislation regulating the system of legal consequences of illegal acts and the research findings in the given area. The aim of the research is the development of the theoretical and legal basis of legal consequences of illegal acts, the study of the existing national criminal legislation and the scientific doctrine in terms of the legal consequences of illegal acts, the location within them of such categories as 'punishment', 'other measures of criminal and legal nature' and 'criminal responsibility'. The methodological framework of the research is based on the system-related functional approach to the analysis, assessment and development of the fundamental principles of the criminal and legal regulation of the legal consequences of illegal acts. The research conducted by the author of the article makes it possible to conclude that all legal consequences of illegal acts may be referred to either as punishment or other measures of criminal and legal nature; measures not belonging due to their content to the two above-noted groups are not the legal consequences of illegal acts. The given inference makes it possible to assert that the Russian criminal legislation has a 'double-track' system of legal consequences. Following the consideration of co-relation between the categories of 'legal consequences of illegal acts' and 'criminal responsibility' the author comes to the conclusion of the inadequacy of the arguments of seeing criminal responsibility in absolute terms, qualifying all cases of applying legal consequences of illegal acts as the forms of its realization.
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In: Criminal Practice Ser.
Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword: The Book and its Author -- Foreword: The Book and its Influence -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- I Problems, Sources and Methods -- 1 Scale -- 2 The Visual Arts -- 3 Literature -- 4 Vocabulary -- II The Prosecution of Timarkhos -- A The Law -- 1 Male Prostitution -- 2 Penalties -- 3 Status -- 4 Hubris -- B Manifestations of Eros -- 1 Defences against a Charge of Prostitution -- 2 Eros and Desire -- 3 Eros and Love -- 4 Following and Fighting -- 5 Homosexual Poetry -- C Nature and Society -- 1 Natural Impulse -- 2 Male and Female Physique -- 3 Masculine and Feminine Styles -- 4 Pursuit and Flight -- 5 Courtship and Copulation -- 6 Dominant and Subordinate Roles -- III Special Aspects and Developments -- A Publicity -- B Predilections and Fantasies -- C Comic Exploitation -- D Philosophical Exploitation -- E Women and Homosexuality -- IV Changes -- A The Dorians -- B Myth and History -- Postscript, 1989 -- List of Vases -- Bibliography -- Index of Greek Texts and Documents -- Index of Greek Words -- General Index -- Plate Section.
The article analyzes representations of the Ukrainian ethnos about a crime and punishment for its commission. The author attempted to substantiate the relationship between the content of the mentally-legal patterns of Ukrainians and the nature of crime in domestic territories. For example, he came to the conclusion that the behavior of Ukrainians in matters of "honesty and dishonor" is governed by mental archetypes that need to be corrected through the legal ideology supported by the whole society. In addition, domestic legal mentality is characterized by rather ambiguous attitude to the crime: on the one hand, any unlawful activity in the public consciousness is condemned, but at the same time, Ukrainians do not refrain from committing illegal acts, finding for their justification various arguments, among them, and "heroizing" the image of a criminal cossack. Separately, the problem of crimes against property and corruption has been highlighted. The article has argued that the submission of Ukrainians about the socio-legal institution of property is also quite controversial and expressed in the high authority of private property and the treatment of state and public property as "not whose", and therefore, that which can be attributed. A deep historic traditions of corruption in Ukraine determines their wide distribution, diversity of such acts and an impressive arsenal of arguments to justify them, provided not only at the domestic level but also in certain scientific circles. The content of psychological stereotypes in the sphere of the application of punishment in relation to lawbreakers and their interrelation with Ukrainian reality are also considered. In particular, the extraordinary humanism of Ukrainian legal mentality in this context is noted. For example, domestic mythology in general denies the need to punish criminals for the misdeeds committed by official authorities, placing this mission on the "divine Providence". For the national conscience of the Ukrainian ethnic group, an extremely contemptuous ...
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In: Journal of politics and law: JPL, Band 12, Heft 2, S. 61
ISSN: 1913-9055
This study includes the answer to the question that may be raised regarding the possibility of considering the design of the interior decoration as classified as protected works in the UAE law, and the consequent enjoyment by the designer of the literary and financial rights of the author. Paragraph 11 of UAE Federal Law No. 7 of 2002 on the protection of copyright and related rights refers to the design of decoration as one of the examples of the technical works mentioned by the legislator. The answer to the questions raised in this study is divided into two axes: the first is the technical framework and guarantee the historical development of the design, the role of the Arab design in the development of the design of the decoration and the definition of the designer and distinguish it from the architectural design. The second axis included the legal framework and included the conditions that must be met in the decoration design in order to enjoy legal protection, the rights of the decorator and then the legal protection of the right of the decorator.
In: Stanford Journal of Law, Business, and Finance, Vol. 27, No. 1, 2022
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La escucha activa es una herramienta poderosa para la prevención y reducción de enfermedades laborales y estrés, así como para mejorar el desempeño e incluso el desarrollo de la responsabilidad social corporativa. La escucha activa y el monitoreo más amplio del estrés relacionado con el trabajo, como se ha demostrado en la literatura y en varias experiencias de investigación en curso, se pueden hacer particularmente efectivos si se implementan en organizaciones a través de métodos tradicionales y tecnológicos, como chats telefónicos y web, síncronos y herramientas de comunicación y mensajería de video asíncronas, buzones electrónicos anónimos y soluciones de denuncia de irregularidades, cuestionarios electrónicos y tecnologías de monitoreo activo, por nombrar sólo algunos. Si bien estas tecnologías pueden tener un impacto positivo en la intervención psicológica en las organizaciones y, por lo tanto, en la vida de los trabajadores, plantean una serie de problemas éticos y legales. Algunos de ellos aún son objeto de arduos debates y están bajo el escrutinio de juntas profesionales y organismos gubernamentales. En Italia, la Junta Nacional de Psicólogos ha publicado recientemente directrices para la práctica psicológica basada en la web. Los parlamentos europeos e italianos también han producido varias normas nuevas que afectan la posibilidad de intervenciones psicológicas. La tecnología no sólo implica la dificultad de los sistemas legales para seguir el ritmo de su evolución, sino que también plantea dificultades concretas en las aplicaciones psicológicas profesionales, a menudo relacionadas con la brecha tecnológica entre las posibilidades teóricas y las capacidades e instrumentos de las organizaciones. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar algunos de estos problemas legales y prácticos, y proponer, sobre la base de un amplio análisis legal y debates reales de estudios de casos, soluciones concretas para aumentar la eficacia de las intervenciones psicológicas. ; Active listening is a powerful tool for the prevention and reduction of organizational disease and stress as well as for performance enhancement and even corporate social responsibility development. Active listening and wider work-related stress monitoring, as proven in literature and by several ongoing action-research experiences, can be made particularly effective if implemented in organizations through both traditional and technological methods, such as telephone and web-based chats, synchronous and asynchronous video-messaging and communicating tools, anonymous e-dropboxes and whistleblowing solutions, electronic questionnaires, and active monitoring technologies, just to name a few. While these technologies can have a positive impact on psychological intervention in organizations and, therefore, on the life of workers, they pose a series of ethical and legal issues. Some of them are still strongly debated and are under scrutiny of professional boards and governmental bodies. In Italy, the National Board of Psychologists has recently published guidelines for the web-based psychological practice. The European and Italian Parliaments have also produced several new norms that impact on the possibility of psychological interventions. Technology does not only involve the difficulty of the legal systems to follow the pace of its evolution, but also poses concrete difficulties in professional psychological applications, often related with the technological gap between the theoretical possibilities and the capabilities and instruments of the target organizations. This work aims to analyze some of these legal and applied issues and to propose, on the basis of a wide legal analysis and real case-study discussions, concrete solutions for incrementing the efficacy of the psychological interventions. ; peerReviewed
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In: Asian journal of law and society, Band 8, Heft 2, S. 282-323
ISSN: 2052-9023
AbstractIn May 2018, Artidjo Alkostar retired from the Supreme Court of Indonesia after a judicial career spanning almost two decades. Over this period, he presided over many of Indonesia's most prominent and controversial criminal cases and became renowned for routinely rejecting corruption appeals and increasing prison sentences. In the celebratory publications that marked his retirement, Alkostar was held up as a model judge, with senior legal figures, including Supreme Court judges, singling out his strong work ethic, integrity, simplicity of character, and firmness. Curiously absent from the list of praiseworthy attributes were pre-requisites for effective judging, including adequate legal knowledge, transparent legal reasoning and decision-making, objectivity and avoiding the perception of bias. An analysis of Alkostar's most notorious decisions suggests that he, and the judges who served with him, did not always clearly display these pre-requisites. This article considers what this says about judging in Indonesia and what might, in practice, be the defining characteristics of a good judge there.
Since the 1970s, Americans have witnessed a pyrrhic war on crime, with sobering numbers at once chilling and cautionary. Our imprisoned population has increased five-fold, with a commensurate spike in fiscal costs that many now see as unsupportable into the future. As American society confronts a multitude of new challenges ranging from terrorism to the disappearance of middle-class jobs to global warming, the war on crime may be up for reconsideration for the first time in a generation or more. Relatively low crime rates indicate that the public mood may be swinging toward declaring victory and moving on.However, to declare that the war is over is dangerous and inaccurate, and After the War on Crime reveals that the impact of this war reaches far beyond statistics; simply moving on is impossible. The war has been most devastating to those affected by increased rates and longer terms of incarceration, but its reach has also reshaped a sweeping range of social institutions, including law enforcement, politics, schooling, healthcare, and social welfare. The war has also profoundly altered conceptions of race and community.It is time to consider the tasks reconstruction must tackle. To do so requires first a critical assessment of how this war has remade our society, and then creative thinking about how government, foundations, communities, and activists should respond. After the War on Crime accelerates this reassessment with original essays by a diverse, interdisciplinary group of scholars as well as policy professionals and community activists. The volume's immediate goal is to spark a fresh conversation about the war on crime and its consequences; its long-term aspiration is to develop a clear understanding of how we got here and of where we should go
In: Regions & cohesion: Regiones y cohesión = Régions et cohésion : the journal of the Consortium for Comparative Research on Regional Integration and Social Cohesion, Band 6, Heft 3, S. 20-51
ISSN: 2152-9078
[Full article is in English]English: This article proposes a novel two-level instrument for analytically robust distinction of typological differences in the area of rule of law (ROL) among the European countries. The first level of analysis uses the EC's first anti-corruption report data for a cumulative calculation of the country's rank of anti-corruption potential. This procedure is repeated on a higher level of aggregation, wherein the EC's anti-corruption ranking is combined with the rankings of the World Press Freedom and Rule of Law Indices. Thus, the authors create a database for the second level quantitative instrument, which is a variation of cluster analysis. The stable clusters obtained do not coincide with conventional blocks of countries that figure in the academic literature.. The instrument for the measurement of the ROL ranking could be even more important for the assessment of the advancement of the candidate-states toward their full compliance with the EU ROL standards.Spanish: Este artículo propone un instrumento doble nivel para un análisis detallado de las diferencias tipológicas del estado de derecho entre países europeos. El primer nivel utiliza el primer informe anti-corrupción de la CE para calcular de manera cumulativa la clasifi cación del potencial anti-corrupción de cada país. Este procedimiento se repite en un nivel superior de acumulación donde la clasifi cación anti-corrupción de la CE se combina con los índices mundiales de la libertad de prensa y el estado de derecho. Así, los autores crean una base de datos para el segundo nivel cuantitativo en una variación para el análisis de conglomerados. Como resultado, los conglomerados estables obtenidos no coinciden con los bloques convencionales de países que figuran en la literatura académica –antiguos/nuevos estados miembros de la UE; democracias consolidadas/ sociedades post-comunistas; Este/Oeste, etc. El instrumento para medir la clasifi cación del estado de derecho podría incluso ser más importante para evaluar el progreso de los países candidatos respecto al cumplimiento total de los estándares del estado de derecho de la UE.French: Cet article propose un instrument nouveau à double niveau pour établir une distinction analytiquement solide des diff érences typologiques en matière d'État de droit dans les pays européens. Le premier niveau d'analyse utilise les données du premier rapport anti-corruption de la CE pour calculer de manière cumulative le classement du potentiel anti-corruption de chaque pays. Cett e procédure est répétée à un niveau plus élevé d'accumulation dans lequel le classement anti-corruption de la CE est combiné avec ceux des indices du classement mondial de la liberté de la presse et de l'Etat de droit. Ainsi, les auteurs créent une base de données destinée à l'instrument quantitatif de second niveau qui est une variante de l'analyse de clusters. Les clusters stables obtenus ne coïncident pas avec les blocs conventionnels de pays qui figurent dans la litt érature académique -anciens et nouveaux États membres de l'UE; démocraties consolidées/sociétés post-communistes; Est/Ouest, etc. Cet instrument de mesure du classement de l'État de droit pourrait être bien plus important pour l'évaluation des avancées des États candidats vers leur totale conformité avec les standards de l´Etat de droit de l'UE.
In: Kansai University review of law and politics, Heft 23, S. 19-34
ISSN: 0388-886X