Suchergebnisse

В статье анализируется неформальное измерение политического процесса в Латвии, Литве и Эстонии после распада Советского Союза. Опираясь на данные международных организаций, автор показывает, что неформальные, непрозрачные практики внутриэлитного взаимодействия остаются существенным вызовом для политических систем этих стран, несмотря на успешное присоединение в 2004 г. к Европейскому союзу и формальное соответствие требованиям демократических процедур. В особенности это свойственно Литовской Республике, претендующей на роль регионального лидера и первой из бывших советских республик возглавлявшей Евросоюз во второй половине 2013 г. ; The article analyzes the informal dimension of the political process in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia after break-up of the Soviet Union. Based on the data from international organizations, the article demonstrates that informal, opaque practices of intra-elite interactions remain an important challenge to their political systems, despite the successful accession in 2004 to the European Union and the formal compliance to democratic procedures. In particular, it is peculiar to the Republic of Lithuania. Despite a decade passed since Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia joined the European Union, informal practices are still among the set of tools and methods for making important policy decisions used alongside the official, formal tools. The retrospective analyze shows that Lithuania demonstrates the regression in some indicators (in particular, the level of public confidence in politicians, in terms of public perception of corruption). Country in which the informal «friendly» relations are more important than legal and legitimate rules and «clubs of classmates» try to substitute power would inevitably face the problem of the fall of the level of confidence in their own government institutions, as well as the worsening gap between the elite circles and mass groups. In this regard, the political system of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia are unlikely to be called the finally formed. The problem of informal dimension of political process is still on the political agenda and exacerbates the very complicated domestic situation in all Baltic states.

Целью статьи является исследование институциональных механизмов формирования и развития интеллектуального капитала. В статье раскрыто содержание категорий «платформа», «технологическая платформа»; доказана возможность применения данной дефиниции в экономической науке; предложено использование в экономической теории новой синтетической категории – «институционально-хозяйственная платформа». Доказано, что в постиндустриальную эпоху система образования (особенно высший ее уровень) выступает важнейшим формально-неформальным институтом, который путем саморазвития и механизма взаимодействия обучения с наукой, бизнес-практикой, государством и гражданским обществом должен стать институционально-хозяйственной платформой развития интеллектуального капитала. На основе использования эволюции межсекторных взаимодействий в экономических системах рассмотрена эволюция взаимоотношений составляющих институционально-хозяйственной платформы развития интеллектуального капитала. Определена особая роль образования в процессе воспроизводства интеллектуального капитала всех уровней функционирования: индивидуального, микроэкономического, макроэкономического и глобального. Доказано, что объединение факторов формирования и развития интеллектуального капитала должно происходить через взаимозапуск, толчок к которому дает система высшего образования. ; The aim of the article is to study the institutional mechanisms of formation and development of intellectual capital. The article reveals the content of the categories of \"platform\", \"technology platform\"; proved the feasibility of application of this definition in economics; proposed the use of economic theory in the new synthetic categories – "institutional and economic platform.\" Proved that in the post-industrial era education system (especially the higher level) is the most important formal and informal institutions that, through self-development and learning mechanism of interaction with science, business practice, government and civil society should become an institutionally-business platform for development of intellectual capital. On the basis of the use of evolution of the cross-sector collaboration in economic systems the evolution of relations that constitute the institutional and economic development platform of intellectual capital was considered. The special role of education in the process of reproduction of the intellectual capital of all operational levels was defined: individual, microeconomic, macroeconomic and global. It was proven that the union formation factors and development of intellectual capital must be through mutual launch, impetus which the higher education system gives.

В статье рассматриваются вопросы государственного управления экономикой в современной России, анализируются проблемы административной реформы в экономической сфере, раскрываются конституционные основы и принципы государственного регулирования экономических отношений, обосновывается необходимость выработки концепции развития и государственного управления экономикой на основе конституционно установленных ценностных ориентиров и принципов, составляющих основы конституционного строя России. По мнению автора, наряду с целевыми ценностными ориентирами в концепции развития экономики и государственного управления должны быть определены основы государственного регулирования и принципы государственного управления экономикой. Предложена система таких принципов, в их числе принципы: народовластия, разделения властей, приоритета прав и свобод человека и гражданина, интересов народа и его благосостояния, суверенитета государства, федерализма, самостоятельности местного самоуправления, свободы предпринимательской деятельности, единого экономического пространства, признания и равной государственной защиты всех форм собственности, гарантированности государственной защиты прав и свобод человека и гражданина в экономической сфере. ; The article discusses the state management of the economy in Russia today, analyzes the problems of administrative reform in the economic sphere, reveals the constitutional foundations and principles of state regulation of economic relations, substantiates the need for the concept of development and state management of the economy on the basis of the established constitutional values and principles that form the basis of the constitutional system in Russia. According to the author, along with the target value systems in the concept of economic development and governance should be defined basis for state regulation and the principles of state management of the economy. A system of such principles, including principles: democracy, separation of powers, the priority of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen interests of the people and their welfare, state sovereignty, federalism, autonomy of local government, free enterprise, the common economic space, recognition and equal state protection of all forms of ownership, warranty of state protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the economic sphere.

This thesis is concerned with the effects of inflation on output growth and on its determinants. In the first step, ourstudy analyzes two aspects of the inflation–growth relationship. First, it examines the nonlinearity of the relationshipbetween inflation and output growth and identifies several thresholds for the global sample and for various incomespecificsub-samples. Secondly, it identifies some country-based macroeconomic features that influence thisnonlinearity. Our empirical results substantiate both views and validate the fact that the inflation–growth nonlinearityis sensitive to a country's trade openness capital accumulation, and government expenditures (chapter 2). After that,we explain this inflation–growth nonlinearity by testing a Tobin effect of inflation on physical capital and asubstitution effect – from work to education – for human capital. We find that the positive effects of moderateinflation rate are due to the Tobin effect on physical capital whereas a weak negative effect of high inflation ratestems from a better human capital accumulation. We identify a strong role of well developed financial systems in allthese mechanisms (chapter 3). Lastly, we address a lack of coherence between the macro based optimal inflationthresholds for output growth and the actual preferences of central banks around the world. We notice that centralbanks use micro based New-Keynesian models and their optimal inflation rate is the one that minimizes dispersionsin factors and product markets. We test the effect of inflation on relative price variability and output growthvariability and, for all income groups, the results support a slight positive inflation rate to minimize theseuncertainties. For our selected emerging economies, monetary policy regimes also affect these dispersions (chapter4). ; La présente thèse analyse l'impact de l'inflation sur la croissance économique et ses différents déterminants. Dansun premier temps, notre étude s'intéresse à deux aspects de la relation entre l'inflation et la croissance ...

Рассматриваются проблемы определения критериев и признаков официального документа как предмета должностных преступлений. Целью является определение признаков и дефиниции понятия «официальный документ» применительно к составу служебного подлога (ст.292 УК РФ) на основе анализа существующих точек зрения и материалов судебной практики. Объектом исследования выступают уголовно-правовые нормы и материалы правоприменительной практики, регулирующие сферу официального документооборота. Были сделаны следующие выводы. Во-первых, официальный документ обладает свойством порождать, изменять либо прекращать правоотношения. Во-вторых, применительно к составу служебного подлога (ст.292 УК РФ) он исходит от органов государственной власти, органов местного самоуправления, государственных или муниципальных учреждений, государственных корпораций, Вооруженных Сил РФ, воинских частей и других воинских формирований. Кроме того, к числу формальных признаков официального документа следует отнести требования к оформлению документов (реквизиты, штампы, печати, подписи) и его включенность в систему регистрации и учета. ; This article discusses the definition of criteria and indicators of an official document as the subject of malfeasance. The aim of the work is to define the characteristics of the notion "official document" and give the definition in relation to the composition of forgery (Art. 292 of the Criminal Code) based on the analysis of existing points of view and the court practice. The object of research is the criminal law enforcement practices and materials governing the scope of the official documents circulation. The following conclusions are made. Firstly, the official document has the property to generate, modify, or terminate relationship. Secondly, with regard to the composition of forgery (Art. 292 of the Criminal Code), it comes from the public authorities, local governments, state and municipal agencies, public corporations, the Armed Forces, military units and other military formations. In addition, to the number of formal signs of an official document one should refer the requirements on drawing an official document (details, stamps, seals, signatures) and its inclusion into the system of registration and accounting.

John Daly,1 Debra Jackson,1 Judy Mannix,2 Patricia M Davidson,1,3 Marie Hutchinson4 1Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Sydney, Australia; 2School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia; 3School of Nursing, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; 4Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia Abstract: In many areas of the developed world, contemporary hospital care is confronted by workforce challenges, changing consumer expectations and demands, fiscal constraints, increasing demands for access to care, a mandate to improve patient centered care, and issues concerned with levels of quality and safety of health care. Effective governance is crucial to efforts to maximize effective management of care in the hospital setting. Emerging from this complex literature is the role of leadership in the clinical setting. The importance of effective clinical leadership in ensuring a high quality health care system that consistently provides safe and efficient care has been reiterated in the scholarly literature and in various government reports. Recent inquiries, commissions, and reports have promoted clinician engagement and clinical leadership as critical to achieving and sustaining improvements to care quality and patient safety. In this discursive paper, we discuss clinical leadership in health care, consider published definitions of clinical leadership, synthesize the literature to describe the characteristics, qualities, or attributes required to be an effective clinical leader, consider clinical leadership in relation to hospital care, and discuss the facilitators and barriers to effective clinical leadership in the hospital sector. Despite the widespread recognition of the importance of effective clinical leadership to patient outcomes, there are some quite considerable barriers to participation in clinical leadership. Future strategies should aim to address these barriers so as to enhance the quality of clinical leadership in hospital care. Keywords: management, hospital care, barriers, leadership, clinical leadership, discursive paper

В статье рассматриваются ценности как ориентиры развития современной системы образования. Уточнено понимание аксиологического подхода как направления научного познания, методологической основой которого является представление о ценностях, выступающих в качестве ключевых детерминант, условий и результатов развития этой системы. Авторами предлагается оригинальная аксиологическая модель современного образования. Включая в себя шесть уровней, она дифференцирует ценности, предъявляемые к образовательной организации внешней (обществом в целом, государством, органами управления образованием) и внутренней (совокупность основных субъектов образовательных отношений) средой. Приводится содержательный анализ ценностей каждого уровня, позволяющий составить целостную картину имеющихся ресурсов и причин актуальных противоречий современной системы образования. Использование данной модели даёт возможность наметить направления в поиске путей и способов решения современных проблем образования как на уровне органов управления, так и в руководстве образовательной организацией, среди педагогов и воспитанников. ; The article deals with values as guidelines for the development of a modern system of education. Refined understanding of the axiological approach as the direction of scientific knowledge, the methodological core of which is the concept of values, act as key determinants, conditions and results of the development of this system. The authors propose the original axiological model of modern education. Comprising six levels, it differentiates the value placed on the outside of an educational organization (society as a whole, the state education authorities) and internal (the totality of the main subjects of educational relations) environment. Provides a substantive analysis of the values of each level, which allows to make a complete picture of the resources available and the reasons actual contradictions of modern education system. The use of this model makes it possible to identify trends in the search for ways of dealing with contemporary issues of education at the level of government and in the leadership of the educational organization of teachers and pupils.

The nature of economic relations directly depends on moral and ethical features of the economic agents. At this moment Russia has got a unique opportunity to build a civilized model of economy by adjusting the moral and ethical features of the economic agents. The author presents a three-level structure of the moral and ethical features of individuals. Each level (material, intellectual and social) is determined by the features such as diligence, frugality, intelligence, initiativeness, honesty, trust, responsibility, humanness, patriotism. The peculiarity of the civilized model of economy is a commitment to balance the different social groups' interests. The different moral and ethical features form human and social capital of the individual or the society as a whole. In particular the elements of the material level in the structure of the moral and ethical features of the economic agents form labor capital (as a desire and ability to work) and health capital (health and health preserving behaviour). Intellectual level of moral and ethical features (intelligence, initiativeness, creativity) generate intellectual capital. Social capital is based on social features: honesty, trust, responsibility, humanness, patriotism. Labor, health and intellectual capital are considered to be the elements of human capital. Human and social types of capital constitute moral and ethical capital of the economic agents as the key resource of civilized economy. This type of capital can be defined as unlimited, synergetic and able to influence on other economic resources efficiency. On the basis of analysis of economic efficiency indicators evolution the article suggests the methodology of moral and ethical capital evaluating by summarizing absolute economic losses of its misuse. Consideration of types of capital classification and of the structure of moral and ethical capital enables author to suggest recommendations on how to increase the definite elements of moral and ethical capital of the Russian society by means of government social, economic and institutional policy.

Dadas las características del sistema mediático español, Hallin y Mancini (2004) lo sitúan en el denominado modelo de Pluralismo Polarizado. Uno de sus principales rasgos es la estrecha relación que se establece entre el sistema político y los medios de comunicación, que provoca que en ocasiones éstos primen intereses partidistas. Para comprobar si los medios de comunicación se limitan a una función de mediadores o si, por el contrario, toman parte en el proceso político, en este trabajo analizamos el papel que ha desempeñado la prensa de referencia en uno de los temas del debate público actual: los desahucios. Para ello, analizamos El País y El Mundo desde el 1 de octubre hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2012, periodo en el que se activa el debate en la esfera pública y se realiza la primera modificación de la ley regulatoria. Esto nos permite analizar cómo se produce la aparición de un tema (desahucios) en la agenda mediática para desactivar la alarma social, la manera de abordarlos por parte de la prensa y su desaparición de la agenda mediática. ; According to Hallin and Mancini (2004), Spain is part of a typology of media system called Polarized Pluralism. One of his main features is a close relation between media and politic system, which produces very political media. In this paper we analyze how Spanish press has informed about one of the most important items in the public sphere nowadays: evictions. We study how El País and El Mundo have informed about it between 1st October and 31st December 2012, period in which the government modified the law about evictions. It allows us to know how an issue appears in media to silent the social protests, how journals inform about it and how the issue disappears from the public sphere.

Aktualitāte. Pēdējos gados Turcijas jautājums attiecībā uz ES kļuva par svarīgu un nozīmīgi neviennozīmīgu tēmu. Turcijas valdība uzstāj uz pilntiesīgās piederības ES, tajā laikā, kad Brisele nosaka nenoteiktus iespējamās iestāšanās datumus un nosacījumus. Turcijas un ES attiecības iegāja jaunā attīstības stadijā 2005.gada oktobrī līdz ar pārrunu sākuma atklāšanu par pievienošanu, taču progresa virzīšanās process ilgst jau gandrīz 10 gadus un neveido jaunas perspektīvas. Darba mērķis ir Turcijas integrācijas ES procesa analīze, attiecībā uz Kopenhāgena kritēriju izpildi no Turcijas puses. Darba gaitā tiek akcentēts cik rezultatīvi Turcija pavirzījās uz priekšu ceļā uz ES vai otrādi, integrācijas process iegāja stagnācijas stadijā un Turcija var izskatīt citas sadarbības alternatīvas. Darba uzdevumi: noteikt Turcijas ārējus un iekšējus faktorus, kuri skaidro integrācijas ES kavējumu un/vai attīstību; noteikt Turcijas-ES sadarbības perspektīvas un/vai alternatīvas. ; Topicality.In recent years the topic of Turkey on the way to the European Union became a subject of great importance and considerable ambiguity. The Turkish government insists on a full membership in the EU, while Brussels determines uncertain dates and conditions of the possible accession. The development of relations of Turkey and the EU entered a new stage in October, 2005 with the beginning of opening the negotiations on accession, but progression lasts almost 10 years and doesn't form obvious prospects. Purpose of the research is analysis of Turkey's integration process in the EU examining the fulfillment of aquis in Turkey. The emphasis of the paper is put on the evaluation of efficiency of implementaton of aquis and the conclusions how productively Turkey moved ahead on a way to EU. Tasks of research:to define external and internal factors of Turkey, which cause a delay and/or development of integration into the EU;to define prospects and/or alternatives of cooperation

International audience ; Le thème de la « modernisation de l'Etat » vise à améliorer les méthodes de gestion des grandes administrations (traditionnellement organisées sur le modèle de la bureaucratie wéberienne) : cette évolution vers un nouveau management public (« New Public Management », NPM) a initialement (début des années 1990) concerné les pays anglo-saxons et d'Europe du Nord (USA, Canada, Grande Bretagne, pays scandinaves) avant de toucher les pays d'Europe du Sud. En ce qui la concerne, la France n'a commencé à appliquer le NPM qu'au milieu des années 2000 avec la mise en application de la LOLF (Loi Organique de Loi de Fiances) le 1er Janvier 2006. Au cours des vingt dernières années, l'organisation et le fonctionnement de l'administration publique ont été modifiés en profondeur. Ces changements se sont produits de manières différentes selon les pays. Mais les points communs sont suffisamment importants pour que les analystes les abordent à travers cette même notion de NPM, élaborée par Osborne et Gaebler dans leur ouvrage « Reinventing Government » paru en 1992. Cet ouvrage, considéré comme la bible du NPM, propose d'étendre les règles managériales du secteur privé aux administrations publiques. Selon le résumé qu'en donne Michael Power (dans « La société d'audit : l'obsession du contrôle »), le NPM consiste en un ensemble de principes empruntés au cadre conceptuel de la gestion du secteur privé ; il met l'accent sur le contrôle des coûts, la transparence financière, l'autonomie des sous-unités organisationnelles, la décentralisation de la direction, la création de mécanismes de marché ou de quasi-marché séparant fonctions achat et approvisionnement, la contractualisation de leur relation, et l'accent mis sur la responsabilité envers la clientèle en matière de qualité des services, grâce à l'instauration d'indicateurs de performance. L'application de ces préceptes au sein de l'hôpital public français a été engagée avec la Loi HPST (Hôpital, Patient, Santé, Territoire) promulguée en 2009. Depuis la ...

Altres ajuts: EDU2008-00816/EDUC ; El artículo estudia la política global de la educación, que se ha generado a partir de las interacciones entre los organismos internacionales, los gobiernos de los estados, una floreciente sociedad civil global, y un nuevo interés por convertir la educación en un mercado de servicios. Dicha transformación ha dado lugar a unos regímenes sociales de conocimiento y poder que influyen tanto en los agentes sociales activos en la escala local, como en los que operan con los gobiernos estatales o bien con los organismos internacionales. El argumento se basa en tres estudios de caso, a saber: las políticas de elección de escuela (especialmente, en España y Chile), el proceso de "europeización" y el papel de la educación en varios proyectos de integración latinoamericana. ; The paper studies the global politics of education, which has been generated from the interactions between international organizations, state governments, a burgeoning global civil society, and a new interest in turning education into a market of services. This transformation has resulted in social regimes of knowledge and power, which influence not only local and national social agents but also those related to international organizations. The argument is based on three case studies, namely: the school choice policies (especially in Spain and Chile), the process of "Europeanization" and the role of education in several Latin American integration projects. ; L'article étudie la politique globale d'éducation, qui s'est produite à partir des interactions parmi les organisations internationales, les gouvernements d'États, une société civile mondiale en plein essor et un nouvel intérêt pour changer l'éducation en un marché des services. Cett e transformation a donné sa place à quelques régimes sociaux porteurs de connaissance et de pouvoir. Les partenaires sociaux qui ont une relation avec les municipalités, les Etats et les organisations internationales sont influencés par ces régimes. L'argument se fonde sur trois ...

28584 28595 22 23 ; S ; © 2014 Optical Society of America. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited A technique to enhance the response and performance of Brillouin distributed fiber sensors is proposed and experimentally validated. The method consists in creating a multi-frequency pump pulse interacting with a matching multi-frequency continuous-wave probe. To avoid nonlinear cross-interaction between spectral lines, the method requires that the distinct pump pulse components and temporal traces reaching the photodetector are subject to wavelength-selective delaying. This way the total pump and probe powers launched into the fiber can be incrementally boosted beyond the thresholds imposed by nonlinear effects. As a consequence of the multiplied pump-probe Brillouin interactions occurring along the fiber, the sensor response can be enhanced in exact proportion to the number of spectral components. The method is experimentally validated in a 50 km-long distributed optical fiber sensor augmented to 3 pump-probe spectral pairs, demonstrating a signal-to-noise ratio enhancement of 4.8 dB. The authors would like to thank Mr. Javier Urricelqui from Universidad Publica de Navarra (Spain) for the valuable discussions and help in relation to the noise characteristics of BOTDA sensors. This work was performed in the framework and with the support of the COST Action TD1001 OFSeSa. M. A. Soto and L. Thevenaz acknowledge the support from the Swiss Commission for Technology and Innovation (Project 13122.1), and from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) through the project COST C10.0093. UPVLC group acknowledges the support from the Spanish MICINN and the Valencia Government through the projects TEC2011-29120-C05-05 and ACOMP/2013/146, respectively. L. Zhang acknowledges the support from ...

ABSTRACT: Social diversity refers to all human manifestations of variety and rupture against the singlesubject and the undimensional modern society. Its wide recognition in Latin America by governments of the region, from the second half of the twentieth century to today, has transformed it into unquestionable social evidence and a category of scholarly analysis. We are therefore, helping its naturalization and institutionalization as an expression of uniqueness and rupture from society within a Western perspective. On this historical moment, the question to ask is: Where will so much recognition lead? This article aims at reflecting on the complexity associated with the social and political recognition of social diversity, warning us about or issues to be resolved in relation to our human subjectivity given that objectively it appears its recognition is resolved, and presenting a critical analysis of interculturality as a horizon for Latin American social work. ; RESUMEN: La diversidad social se refiere a todas aquellas manifestaciones humanas de variedad y ruptura frente al sujeto único y la sociedad unidimensional moderna. Su amplio reconocimiento en América Latina por parte de los gobiernos de la región, desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX y lo que va del XXI, le ha transformado en una evidencia social incuestionable y en categoría de análisis académico. Asistimos, por tanto, a una naturalización e institucionalización de esta, como expresión de singularidad y ruptura con lo social dentro de la perspectiva occidental. En este momento histórico de apogeo, la cuestión por preguntar es: ¿Hacia dónde conducirá tanto reconocimiento? Este artículo se propone reflexionar acerca de la complejidad que reviste el reconocimiento social y político de la diversidad social, advierte sobre o asuntos por resolver en lo que atañe a nuestra subjetividad humana ya que objetivamente parece estar resuelto su reconocimiento y realiza un análisis crítico de la interculturalidad como ámbito para el Trabajo Social latinoamericano.

International audience ; This article questions the origin and the continuity of mobilizations in Cairo, a decade before the revolutionary event. It is taking a particular interest to the new fate of poor neighbourhoods (also described as informal). The two authors develop a very converging analysis: what has to be taken into consideration is more the crystallization of a feeling of injustice than misery. This feeling of injustice finds some explanations in previous mobilizations, be it associated with work claims, housing or more largely, justice. In line with this reasoning the autors aim is to scrutinize how public expressions of discontent have evolved in two quite similar urban contexts. The first one is produced by Bénédicte Florin surveys about dustmen expressing themselves out of their usual marginal places of residence and work. Their demonstrations followed very contested actions from the government in order to liberalize the sector and in parallel to reorganize it in an authoritarian manner. The second one results from Agnes Deboulet surveys about new sectors of land insecurity. It explores the relations between this main characteristic of the large mega-city and potential new engines of organization and cooperation. In both case studies, even before the Egyptian revolution, new set of protests were already established and residents of poor neighbourhoods had already acquired new registers of action. ; Cet article interroge l'origine et la continuité des mobilisations au Caire, une décennie avant la période révolutionnaire, en s'intéressant en particulier au nouveau destin des habitants des quartiers périphériques pauvres, souvent décrits comme informels. Les deux auteurs convergent dans leur analyse : ce n'est pas tant la misère que la cristallisation d'un sentiment d'injustice qui doit être interrogée et ce dernier trouve des éléments d'explication dans les mobilisations antérieures pour le droit au travail, le droit au logement et, plus largement, la justice. Dans le prolongement de ce ...